Jurnal Reaktor

8-13

Authors: Faleh Setia Budi, Z. Abidin

Indonesia is the second big CPO producer after Malaysia. The CPO production of Indonesia gradually increases and reaches 8.2 million tones. About two third of it is used to meet the domestic demand and the other is exported in crude. The value of it is low. If it is exported in crude, Indonesia will receive little income. Therefore, it must be converted into the other product, which has the high value. The main component of it is glyceride composed of glycerol and fatty acid. The glyceride can be converted into polyol (polyalcohol) which is the material in manufacturing polyurethane, cosmetic, lubricant etc. The process of converting of CPO into polyol is called the hydroxylation. This research aims to study the hydroxylation process of CPO into polyol and to optimize the variable which really affects the hydroxyl number of product. Based on the experiment, the optimum condition of hydroxylation of CPO with the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the formic acid (HCOOH) into polyol is got as follows: temperature 50 oC, composition of reactant 40 %, and time 2 hours. The Polyol produced has the hydroxyl number 148

22-29

Authors: T. Poespowati, B. Moghtaderi

The re-ignition potential of multi-species soot clouds in building fires were investigated based on their extinction characteristics. The investigation was carried out theoretically using an adaptation of Semenov’s thermal explosion theory. The critical sizes of soot particles in the cloud were found to be strongly affected by the particle temperature, shape, and reactivity, as well as the mass fraction of each species, and ambient conditions. The cloud shape, cloud particle number density, fuel mass fraction, and soot reactivity were identified as the major parameters impacting upon the cloud extinction potential. Our analysis indicate that blending of a base soot with a less reactive soot generally increases the extinction potential of the cloud (i.e. likelihood of extinction) while addition of a more reactive secondary soot to the base one minimises the probability of cloud extinction.

38-44

Authors: Jumaeri Jumaeri, W. Astuti, W.T.P. Lestari

Preparasi zeolit dari abu layang batubara PLTU Suralaya secara alkali hidrotermal telah dilakukan. Preparasi dilakukan terhadap abu layang yang telah direfluks dengan HCl 1M dan tanpa refluks. Larutan NaOH dengan konsentrasi tertentu ( 1 ; 2 dan 3 M ) dicampur dengan abu layang batu bara dengan rasio 10 ml larutan tiap 1 gram abu layang, ke dalam tabung Teflon 100 ml dalam suatu autoclave stainless-steel. Autoclave kemudian dipanaskan pada temperature 80-16 oC selama tiga hari. Zeolit sintesis yang dihasilkan selanjutnya diuji secara kualitatif dengan menggunakan Spektroskopi Inframerah, dan Difraksi Sinar-X. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivasi abu layang dengan proses alkali hidrotermal dapat menghasilkan material yang mempunyai struktur mirip zeolit (zeolit-like). Produk hidrotermal terdiri dari campuran zeolit (Zeolit P, Zeolit Y) serta kristal sodalit dan mullit. Pada temperatur 160 oC, diperoleh zeolit dengan kristalinitas lebih tinggi dari pada 100 oC, baik melalui refluks atau tanpa refluks. Karakteristik zeolit yang terbentuk sangat ditentukan oleh kondisi proses, yang meliputi konsentrasi NaOH, waktu, dan temperatur.

50-52

Authors: Abdullah Abdullah

The liquid and solid pineapple wastes contain mainly sucrose, glucose, fructose and other nutrients. It therefore can potentially be used as carbon source for fermentation to produce organic acid. Recently, lactic acid has been considered to be an important raw material for production of biodegradable lactate polymer. The experiments were carried out in batch fermentation using the liquid and solid pineapple wastes to produce lactic acid. The anaerobic fermentation of lactic acid were performed at 40 oC, pH 6, 5% inocolum and 50 rpm. Initially results show that the liquid pineapple waste by using Lactobacillus delbrueckii can be used as carbon source for lactic acid fermentation. The production of lactic acid are found to be 79 % yield, while only 56% yield was produced by using solid waste.