European Journal of Technology and Design

4-17

Authors: Nurul Nadia Omar Bakri, Md Azree Othuman Mydin

Building defect is one of the major components of building problems that significantly needed attention. When a building fails to function as it should, we must immediately seek for the determination. Is the problem taking place as the result of the worker’s failure to assemble it properly? Is it involving the nature of it? Is the proper maintenance of the building not been performed as it should have been? The answers often depend upon a number of factors: the age of the affected building components, the exact nature of the problem, the presence or absence of human error, or some combination of all those three. This paper will review and discuss some of the major building defects happen throughout the world. It contains some of the main concepts and the definition of the terminological terms used. In addition, the causes, symptoms and remedial work of defect also been discussed in this paper.

23-43

Authors: V.I. Grafutin, O.V. Ilyukhina, E.P. Prokop'ev, V.A. Ilyukhin, Yu.V. Funtikov

The article presents the data of the study of vessel steel, used in acting pressurized-water reactors–440. The studied steel patterns had vacancy deffects, also caused by neutron irradiation. The sizes of the defects were detected. The article proves that the method of positron annihilation spectroscopy is one of the most efficient methods in detecting the size of nanoobjects (vacancies, vacancies cluster), independent volume of reed marks, cavities, hollows, their concentrations and chemical compositions at the site of positron annihilation in defect materials.

49-60

Authors: Lev V. Utkin, Yulia A. Zhuk, Ivan A. Selikhovkin

Most models of aggregating expert judgments assume that there is some precise probability distribution characterizing the system behavior and expert information allows us to compute parameters of this distribution. However, judgments elicited from experts are usually imprecise and unreliable due to the limited precision of human assessments, and any assumption concerning a certain distribution in combination with imprecision of judgments may lead to incorrect results. To take into account the imprecision and unreliability of judgments, a model of combining and processing the expert judgments about quantiles of an unknown probability distribution is proposed in this paper. Many results are obtained in the explicit form and are very simple from the computational point of view. Numerical examples illustrate the proposed models.