Italian Journal of Sports rehabilitation and Posturology

2841 -- 2852

Authors: Alashram AR, D’Onofrio R, Youssef T, Manzi V, Sannicandro I, Padua E, Annino G, Zelenovic M.

Background. Isolated or associated non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries are frequently found in pivoting, cutting, side-step pivoting, and jump landing sports such as soccer. These injuries represent a serious risk to the footballer's career due to the long process of returning to performance. The risk of further ipsi- and/or contralateral re-injury injuries accelerates the physiological degenerative processes of the knee joint environment. Objective. The purpose of this short overview is to extend the results of the literature available on the Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) by providing information on the status of the knee joint after Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstructive surgery, both in: active Professional Soccer (PS) and former Professional Soccer athletes (fPSa) as per the specific and common language of international literature. Unfolding. We did a search of PubMed, PubMed Central, ResearchGate was performed in relation to 3 inclusion criteria: (a) articles that explored the association between sport and Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) of the knee after reconstructive ligament surgery anterior crusader; (b) Articles examining a correlation between PS knee PTOA in activity and fPSa. Exclusion Criteria: Articles that explored a condition other than knee OA and were outside the scope of this short overview. Results and Discussion Sports that involve pivots, cuts, and changes of direction, such as soccer, are associated with an increase in joint injuries with a physiological increase in risk factors of knee PTOA. In soccer players, in relation to sport-specific gestures, there is a rapid evolution of the process of degradation of the knee joint environment. At the elite level, in association with an ACL injury there is a higher prevalence of associated chondral and meniscal injuries that compromise the player's very career and future quality of life once they retire. The results of clinical and nuclear magnetic resonance-radiographic evaluations highlight how PSs have to manage their career path and how fPSa with many years of competitive activity have a reduced quality of life, with a markedly unfavorable clinical-symptomatological-imaging and functional status. Conclusions. In active Professional Soccer (PS) players, than in former Professional Soccer athletes (fPSa) an increased degradation of the knee joint environment this is also found after ACL reconstructive surgery this to the high mechanical stresses of soccer training and competition. Although much work has been done, the incidence of PTOA among Professional Soccer (PS), who in former Professional Soccer athletes (fPSa) with a history of ACL injury remains high because of the complexity of the progression of knee joint injury. Knee injury events accelerate the joint degenerative process present on imaging , correlated with the symptomatic picture of OA.

2863 -2871

Authors: Alden Karović

A total of 24 training sessions were conducted in a period of 8 weeks. Trainings were held three times a week for 60 minutes. Strength exercises for the muscles of the whole body were carried out in combination with high-intensity interval activities in the organizational form of circuit training or through a bicycle ergometer. The training was structured with the aim of achieving body recomposition of the subjects, i.e. reducing subcutaneous fat while simultaneously increasing muscle mass. The aim of this work was to determine the changes that occurred in morphological characteristics. The sample of respondents consisted of 25 respondents. Initial and final measurements of a total of 13 variables of morphological characteristics were performed on all subjects. By analyzing the collected results, it was concluded that the training program can partially influence changes in morphological characteristics. Five measures of body folds recorded a statistically significant change (p=0.00), as well as the skin fold of the lower leg (p=0.04) and the circumference of the abdomen, which in the mentioned period was reduced by 3.03 cm (p=0.01). Other measures of morphological characteristics did not achieve a statistically significant change. It is recommended to carry out more research on this topic, but with a more homogeneous sample of respondents so that the transformational effects of the training program can be tested on a precisely defined population.