Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management

29-52

Authors: Zafer Adıgüzel, Cemal Zehir & Nisa Nur Musluhittinoğlu

Purpose: It was conducted to evaluate the potential of university students on entrepreneurship and to analyze students' entrepreneurship thoughts. Methodology: Within the scope of the research, a survey was conducted with 510 university students. After factor and reliability analysis was done using SPSS 25 Program, correlation analysis and regression analysis were performed. In addition, sobel test and Hayes process were performed in the analysis of the agent variable effect. Findings: In the findings of the research, it can be concluded that the personality traits, innovative thoughts and desires of success of university students are effective in choosing entrepreneurship as a career step. Practical Implications: Mediation effect and personality traits of innovation and success need variables have a positive effect. The results of the study show that, in terms of the effects of personality traits on young people, cultural studies should also be conducted. Originality: The article is intended to provide practical results due to the use of quantitative research method along with theoretical information about variables. This study shows that university students prefer entrepreneurship on their career path.

81-110

Authors: Mustafa Kemal Yılmaz & Mahmut Tuğrul Torun

Purpose: In this study, the relationships between entrepreneurial marketing and SMEs 'innovation types were examined, and it was tried to explain whether entrepreneurial marketing dimensions are effective on innovation types of of SMEs' and how do they affect their the sustainable competitive advantage. Methodology: Data obtained from 242 manufacturer SMEs operating in Samsun, Amasya, Çorum, Tokat provincial center and districts in the OKA TR83 region in 2019 for 2 months by the survey method and tested using SMART PLS 3.0. and SPSS 21. statistical package programs. Findings: The findings revealed that opportunity focus and customer focus, which are among the entrepreneurial marketing dimensions, have an effect on marketing innovation and that the innovation processes implemented in manufacturing SMEs are interrelated. It has been observed that proactivity and risk taking from entrepreneurial marketing dimensions have a positive effect on sustainable competitive advantage. Practical Implications: SME managers can dominate the culture of innovation in their businesses by applying innovation types in their businesses and incorporating them into business processes. Small businesses that want to stand out in the competition will increase their chances of surviving in the market and gaining competitive advantage in the long term by applying entrepreneurial marketing activities suitable for the structure of SMEs. Originality: The research is an original research that examines the relationship between the dimensions of entrepreneurial marketing, types of innovation and the sustainable competitive advantages of SMEs together and enables the mutual relations to be tested.

25-48

Authors: Demet KUTGİ, Selen IŞIK MADEN

ABSTRACT Purpose: In this study, we aimed to expose the innovative capacity of regional innovation systems within the framework of Turkey NUTS-2 regions. Methodology: A large data set including 7 main components, 17 subcomponents and 58 indicators in total, which constitute the innovation input and output components for 2014-2018, has been prepared. The data obtained were analyzed by normalization method. As a result of the analysis, the overall innovation index score value and the index values of the innovation efficiency were calculated. Findings: The findings provide an opportunity to evaluate and compare the innovation capacity of the regions. As a result of the general innovation index calculation, the region with the highest score is TR10, while the lowest region is TRA2. In the event score value, TR31 region has the highest score and TRC3 region has the lowest score value. Practical Implications: Index calculations provide predictions in designing innovation policies to many actors and policy makers who also play an active role in regions. Innovation is more important to increase the efforts to improve the indicators of the input and output components, or to use them more effectively. Originality: In the study, a comprehensive data set has been prepared in the innovation performance measurement indicators of NUTS2 regions and it is up-to-date as the latest available year data is used in all indicators.

70-93

Authors: Ceyda Ovacı

Purpose: In this study, it was aimed to determine the factors affecting participation in the co-creation behavior of individuals who generate idea in the open innovation process. Methodology: Online research with samples consisting of open innovation platform members operating in Turkey were carried out. Findings: As a result of the analysis made with structural equation modeling, it was concluded that they displayed a positive attitude towards co-creation, and perceived behavioral domination and attitude were effective on intention. Practical Implications: While perceived psychological and social benefits affect attitude positively, it is seen that financial risks and benefits do not have an effect on attitude Originality: The research makes a unique contribution to the literature by addressing the variables that affect individuals' open innovation participation and the relationship between them.

128-148

Authors: Koray GÜRPINAR , Volkan YÜNCÜ, Yunus YILAN

Purpose– This study aims to determine the probability of correctly classifying the dimensions of social intelligence as dependent variables by using personality traits of entrepreneurs as independent variables. Methodology – The population of the research is the senior students who took the entrepreneurship course in the 2018-2019 academic year at Afyon Kocatepe University. The data of the research was obtained through Questionnaire. Findings – While determining the entrepreneur profiles of 5 independent variables in the Personality Traits of Entrepreneurial scale, it is concluded that they can only be associated with the Empathy dependent variable. Practical Implications – The use of different classification techniques will contribute to the evaluation of the best model suggested within this study. The effects of psychological factors on respondents' responses should be investigated and the mediating role of psychological factors should be evaluated. Originality- In this study, the relationship between social intelligence and personality traits of entrepreneurs was classified and it was clarified which social intelligence dimensions can be statistically associated with personality traits of entrepreneurs.

166-187

Authors: Bahadır Fatih YILDIRIM , Sultan Kuzu YILDIRIM

Purpose: To create an alternative single ranking based on the values of the universities included in the Innovative and Entrepreneurial University index between 2012-2017. Methodology/Approach: In this study, the ARAS-G method is used in integration with the gray numbers. In order to examine the validity of the proposed model, in addition to the year-based rankings, the TOPSIS-G method also ranked the results and the correlations between these rankings are examined. Findings: It is determined that the ranking found with the ARAS-G method has a significant high correlation with all years and this method represents more each year than the TOPSIS-G method. According to the results of the analysis made with the ARAS-G method, Sabancı University ranked first, and Middle East Technical University ranked second. Practical implications: The proposed ARAS-G method produces valid results in this study in which the time period is also included in the decision process. In another decision problem, examining the applicability of the method can also be suggested to repeat the analysis by weighting by years for the mean and standard deviation calculated while obtaining gray numbers. Originality: The integrated use of the gray numbers calculated to represent the specified time interval with the ARAS method constitutes the original value of the study.

30-54

Authors: Fahri ÖZSUNGUR, Himmet KARADAL

Purpose: The main purpose of this study that scrutinizes how to make more effective of chambers of commerce and industry affiliated to the Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges in Turkey in terms of organizational and managerial aspects is to examine the associations between ethical leadership, work engagement, intrapreneurship, and service innovation behavior. Methodology: The data were collected from 568 employees employed in the chambers of commerce and industry operating in Turkey. The confirmatory factor analysis was applied for the validity and reliability of the measurement tools. The good fit values and mediation role of the model were determined with the AMOS Structural Equation Model. Findings: It was determined that ethical leadership had a statistically significant effect on work engagement, intrapreneurship, and the sub-factors of service innovation behavior (employee service innovation behavior and new service development). The results showed that work engagement partially mediated the effect of ethical leadership on internal entrepreneurship and the effect of ethical leadership on sub-factors of service innovation behavior. Practical Implications: It is thought that the study is important in terms of providing empirical contributions to ethical leadership, service innovation, intrapreneurship and work engagement literature. Originality: The research is unique in terms of revealing the organizational behavior of employees in professional organizations and introducing the employees in these organizations to the literature.

83-110

Authors: Ethem Çanakoğlu

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the effect of financier selection options over the optimal actions of entrepreneurs in a Markov modulated setting. Methodology: The problem in the paper is modeled by Markov decision process and solved using dynamic programming equation. The parameters are estimated using the inference from OECD statistics and the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor survey. Findings: It was found that survival first entrepreneurs are prudent in taking growth or innovative actions. However, they become more aggressive if they also prioritize expected wealth, or they are financed by experienced venture capitals. Practical Implications: The study reveals the importance of different financing schemes for entrepreneurs such as venture capital or business angels. Particularly by the guidance of experienced financiers, the early phase entrepreneurs can grow faster and safer. Originality: In this study, we model both the financier selection and policy decisions of entrepreneur firms with different objective functions using a 2-state Markov process in a data-driven approach.

21-38

Authors: Serkan Türkeli, Ahmet Ruken Boyacı

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the entrepreneurs by observing structural activities directly in their working environments. Methodology: Within the scope of the study, structured observation, which is a sociological method, was used to investigate the daily behaviors of 10 entrepreneurs in start-ups located in technoparks of Turkey. Findings: There are 4 main findings in the study. The first one: The work of the entrepreneurs is described as short-term and fragmented. The second finding is the entrepreneurs focus on analytical work, conceptual work and knowledge transfer; it has been found that entrepreneurs in Turkey spend most of their time on procedural works. The third finding is the international entrepreneurs mainly focus on three functions (human resources and employee relations, marketing, sales and public relations and management) while in Turkey entrepreneurs focus on the functions which are related to the control, financing and management, directly affect the product. Fourth and the final finding is entrepreneurs spend most of their work time on communicating with others. This situation relates with international entrepreneurs. Practical Implications: Turkish entrepreneurs should take care of other than product related activities. Activities such as marketing should be managed through centers established in technology regions and systems that will reduce procedural jobs should be developed by institutions. Originality: There are not many studies on the behavior of entrepreneurs in start-ups in Turkey. This study aims to give an idea about the behavior of entrepreneurs who are important for Turkey’s welfare. It is thought that entrepreneurs will make an important contribution in terms of not doing it but seeing the behaviors they should do.

68-96

Authors: Funda Kıran, Özlem Çetinkaya Bozkurt

Purpose: This study aims determining Western Mediterranean region entrepreneurs’ financial literacy levels and financial literacy level’s change according to demographic variables. Methodology: The data obtained using the questionnaire techniques from 324 participants selected by non-probable sampling method were tested with difference tests. Findings: It is found that the level of financial literacy of entrepreneurs is relatively high and gender, age, education, income and year of activity as an entrepreneur differentiate the financial literacy level. Practical Implications: Entrepreneurs were found to be relatively good at financial literacy, but some of them have very low skors. It is thought that giving some trainings on solving this problem and encouraging the use of simulations to entrepreneurs will play a role on the success of entrepreneurs. Originality: Due to the limited number of studies on entrepreneurs’ financial literacy in the literature, the study contributes to the relevant literature.

126-156

Authors: Banu MANKİN, Güney ÇETİN GÜRKAN, Onur ÇETİN

Purpose: The aim of this study is to reveal the effect of surface acting, deep acting and sincere acting and intrinsic motivation on the creativity of the employee. Methodology: The research was carried out by questionnaire method. Within the scope of the research, data were collected from the employees working in the bank branches by questionnaire method using the scales obtained from the literature. Data were analyzed with SPSS 23 program and Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Regression Model (SRM) were applied to the data. Findings: According to the results obtained from the study, the is a significant positive relationship between the internal motivation of the employees and the deep acting and sincere acting. Intrinsic motivation has no effect on surface acting. In addition, intrinsic motivation and deep acting positively affect individual creativity; surface acting negatively affects individuals creativity. Contrary to what is thought, sincere acting has not any effect on individual creativity. Practical Implications: Due to the gap in the literature, the proposed relations were examined on a holistic model and consistent results were obtained with the literature. Intrinsic motivation is related to both deep acting and surface acting as well as individual creativity; since deep acting and surface acting also have an effect on individual creativity, this effect of intrinsic motivation, deep acting and surface acting should be considered in both theoretical and practical terms. On the effect of emotional labor and intrinsic motivation on the creativity of the employee, this gap can be filled in the literature by conducting studies in other sectors besides banking. Originality: Emotional labor and intrinsic motivation of employees are thought to be important in the formation of creative ideas, but when the literature is examined, there are limited studies about the effect of emotional labor and intrinsic motivation on the creativity of the employee. In this respect, the study is expected to contribute to the literature.

21-47

Authors: Gülçin Büyüközkan & Merve Güler

Purpose: This study aims to give information about technologies that exist within logistics 4.0 concept, to list firms' expectations and to provide an effective methodogy for technology analysis. Methodology: Firms' expectations are graded by fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method, existing technologies are selected by fuzzy effect matrix method. Findings: The proposed method is applied to logistics company. Big data and internet of things have great effect on expectations of companies. Practical Implications: Since firms that adopt logistics 4.0 correctly will survive in competitive environment, it is necessary to systematically analyze existing technologies. Originality: This is an original study that provides analysis of existing technologies within logistics 4.0 concept in terms of offering a new model and proposing an effective methodology.

73-93

Authors: Sema Yiğit & Murat Gök

The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between entrepreneurship and cultural change, which is seen as a key concept for the development of national economies. With a macro perspective, the relationship between cultural change and entrepreneurship has been analyzed by generating data sets for 10 countries. The data were obtained for the 1999-2014 period and analyzed by unbalanced panel data analysis. As a result of the panel solved with the fixed effects model, a significant relationship was found between cultural change and entrepreneurship performance. In addition, in the analysis conducted for the 7 dimensions of culture, there is a significant relationship between dimensions and entrepreneurship. While the dimensions of trust, ethics, and competition affinity affect the entrepreneurship tendency positively; It was concluded that control, saving and obedience diminishes the entrepreneurial tendency.