Economy and Sociology: Theoretical and Scientifical Journal

17-26

Authors: Olena SOKOLOVSKA, PhD, Senior Researcher, Leading Researcher, Department of economic and mathematical modeling in taxation, Research Institute of Fiscal Policy, State Fiscal Service of Ukraine Dmytro SOKOLOVSKYI, PhD, Senior Researcher, Institute of Industrial Economics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

The paper deals with problem of effectiveness of tax incentive regimes. The main purpose of this paper is to define causes, factors and measures aimed to prevent and neutralize failures of introduction of tax incentives. In order to examine the behavior of economic agents we used game theory tools, notably the “principal-agent” model, similar to the Allingham-Sandmo model. To solve a problem of inefficient interaction, when investors unreasonably pretend on tax incentives and government ignore that by granting them incentives, we proposed to use Nash-equilibrium in pure strategies. Finally we defined factors of improvement of efficiency of tax incentive regimes, particularly mechanisms of their implementation and termination.

32-38

Authors: Norina-Consuela FORNA, PhD, Professor, University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Gr. T. Popa", Iasi, Romania. Doriana FORNA AGOP, doctor, Hospital „Sf. Spiridon”, Iasi Romania. Alexandru GRIBINCEA, PhD, Professor, Free International University of Moldova

One of the many great things about living in the Netherlands is the excellent standard of Dutch healthcare, rated as the best in Europe. The Netherlands tops the list of 34 nations in the 2012 Euro Health Consumer Index (the ‘industry standard’ of modern healthcare) and spends 11.9 percent of GDP on health, being the second only after the United States. Plus, almost all the doctors speak excellent English, making healthcare in the Netherlands very accessible to expats. The purpose of the research is to investigate the health sector in the Netherlands and to connect it to the European systems and global requirements. Methods. Conducted research was focused on analysis, comparison, deduction or induction methods. Medicine in the Netherlands is taught differently than in Europe, both in terms of the approach to the subject and timeline to qualification. A visitor to the Netherlands faces no special health risks, as the overall health conditions are excellent. No special inoculations are required. Any necessary immunization is available locally. Although Dutch law is strict about commercial processing, cooking, handling, and serving of foods, consumers are advised to show caution when using eggs and preparing poultry, as salmonella bacteria has been found in these products. Tap water is of excellent quality and safe to drink. Dutch medical care is of high quality and is comparable to the medical care one finds throughout Western Europe. Diagnostic laboratories and specialists in all fields of medicine are available. Hospitals are well-equipped, and maternity hospitals and many clinics are available. Most doctors and dentists speak English. Most medicines are available locally. They may not, however, be the same brand names as those used in the United States and prices are generally higher. Tourists should bring a supply of the medicine that they know they will need whilst abroad and provide proper documentation.

43-48

Authors: Silvia LAZARI, PhD Student, Free International University of Moldova. Alexandru GRIBINCEA, PhD, Professor, Free International University of Moldova. Iulita BIRCA, scientific researcher, National Institute for Economic Research, Moldova

The most important and avidly debated effects of undocumented immigration involve the UE’ economy and labor force. It is estimated that there are 12 million undocumented immigrants in the UE today, and their impact on the economy can be perceived as positive as well as negative. The overall effect is unclear, and this page aims to present both sides of the debate. The main argument supporting the undocumented immigration is that migrant workers do jobs that UE do not want to do. Given that most of the EU labor force does not compete with undocumented workers for jobs, there has not been a significant shift in the wage rate. Who is then hurt by these immigrants doing jobs that “we will not do”? For instance, those without high school diplomas are the ones who are most affected. It is estimated that undocumented immigrants have lower wages by approximately 3 to 8 percent for low-skill jobs. Furthermore, Americans who compete with immigrants for these jobs stand to make an additional $25 a week if undocumented immigration were to be severely cut down. This modeling demonstrates how migration has varied economic impacts across economics. While mining GDP is boosted by migration, in percentage terms this boost falls well short of the boost to population. This is because mining is dependent on a fixed natural resource. Thus mining GDP is substantially lower on a per capita basis. On a per capita basis, the boost to the Government services industry is modest. This reflects the falls in general government final demand per capita. The boost to Agriculture on a per capita basis is also modest. This is because Agriculture is dependent on the supply of agricultural land, limiting its ability to expand with a higher population. Both the manufacturing industry and the other services industry achieve large gains from migration, as these industries do not face the same natural constraints as mining and agriculture. They both benefit from their exposure to the strong gain in household consumption per capita, and the more plentiful supply of high-skilled workers. Manufacturing also benefits from the very strong gain in investment demand per capita.

55-61

Authors: Alla LEVITSKAIA, PhD, Associate Professor, Comrat State University, Postdoctoral researcher, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Germany

This study shows the possible mechanism of initiation endogenous growth in peripheral regions with poorly developed industry and innovation infrastructure (in case of Autonomous Territorial Unit Gagauzia, Republic of Moldova). Understanding of scientific problem has required an attempt to create the concept of Innovation Development Systems in peripheral rural areas of countries with emerging market economies identifing the goal of this study. The empirical research base consists of two units: statistical data and the results of special studies conducted by the author. The analysis used the theoretical and empirical methods, including synthesis, scientific generalization, analogy forecasting, observation, interviews, document analysis, comparative analysis of scientific sources and documentation of legal framework forregion, a secondary analysis of data definition obtained from other research groups. Proposed mechanism will demonstrate the impact of Innovation and Education Cluster activity on increasing the innovative entrepreneurship activity, building relationships between cluster members and other elements of the Regional Innovation System. Subsequent investigations can be dedicated to search relationships in the development of innovative activity between regions of the RM and other countries in which universities play an important role in building the regional innovation development.

72-77

Authors: Tatiana ANDREEVA, PhD, Institute of International Relations of Moldova

Actuality. The topic of teaching economic disciplines has always been relevant and useful. The article considers the technique of organization and of the seminar-dispute on economic subjects. In this paper there are also identified criteria for evaluating the participants of the seminar-dispute. Methods of teaching economic disciplines in higher education are held by holding lectures and seminars. The seminar provides an opportunity to determine the degree of independence and responsibility, to rise creativity in every student. The purpose is to disclose the main objectives of the seminar-dispute, which as a result of the preliminary work on the program material, the teacher and students are in a situation of direct active communication during performance of students on topics arising between discussion and generalizations by teacher, bu solving the problem of cognitive, developmental and educational character that imparted methodological and practical skills to students. Methods. Logical and descriptive, monographic, analysis and synthesis. Results. It should be concluded that in preparation for the seminar, students acquire the skills to work with the book, read the analysis, selection of the main and necessary speeches for the report, , and systematizing the selected materials. Students learn to clearly express their thoughts, work out the ability to speak without papers to prove their beliefs, to establish contact with the audience, etc. Accordingly, it is best to choose the topics of the seminar where the student must not only learn certain information, but also find a solution. One of the most popular forms of classes in the framework of methodological approaches to the teaching of economic disciplines is a seminar-dispute.

84-88

Authors: Olimpiu GHERMAN, PhD, Associate Professor, State Agrarian University of Moldova. Liliana CIMPOIEȘ, PhD, senior university lecturer, State Agrarian University of Moldova

It is an actual theme, determined by achievements of tax control in Moldova and its impact on the behaviour of the entity as important elements of fiscal policy. There are examined different methods for differentiating the problem, supplemented by deduction, induction, synthesis, analysis of defining phenomena of fiscal policy and its elements. The methodology used in this study is based on assessments of the theory, studies and interpretations of specialized literature and analyzes the practical activities specific for taxation at national, European and international levels, depending on which some opinions, conclusions and proposals were founded and formulated, to minimize the impact of tax evasion and fraud.

94-98

Authors: Angela MOCANU, PhD, Leading Researcher Legal and Political Research Institute Academy of Sciences

Stratification designates the manner in which a society differentiates and ranks the functions. Throughout history mankind has seen different forms of stratification – castes, statuses, classes. Education is a factor that influences on social mobility. For many sociologists, education could also reduce social inequality. For these reasons we intend to analyze the situation of education in the Republic of Moldova. There are a number of indicators that tell us about the situation of education in one country or another: the percentage of GDP for education spending, education spending per capita, the percentage of young people with complete secondary education, the number of students per ten thousand inhabitants, etc.

104-108

Authors: Nadejda IANIOGLO, PhD Student, Comrat State University, Moldova

Public policy support for cluster development of the industrial sector requires investment by enterprises in research and innovation. These processes are only possible by sharing existing capacities, effective knowledge sharing and technology transfer between companies within the same or related industries. The relevance of this article is dictated by the need to find new forms of co-operation of producers in frame of cluster formations. The purpose of this article is to develop a model of clustermanagement for development of wineries in the region. When writing this article used the methods of empirical research: a survey, analysis, synthesis, processing documentation. Results. In order to increase the competitiveness of wine enterprises, the author proposed the development of the wine industry of ATU Gagauzia within the framework of the cluster policy of the Republic of Moldova. The author proposed organizational structure of the wine cluster of ATU Gagauzia, described benefits which get when entering in the cluster for its participants and for the overall region.

113-121

Authors: Elena MARGARINT, PhD Student, Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova

Actuality: The empirical studies on the impact of the supervision on the stability of the banking sector are mitigated, varying depending on the particular characteristics of the bank and, in addition, the country's policy in which banks operate. This is why this study is important for the banking sector in Moldova. Purpose: The objective of this article is to studies the effects of the banking supervision on the risk-taking of banks and, consequently, the stability of the banking sector in Moldova. Methods: To order to achieve its purpose, the author applied the method of static panel data with random effect. Results: This empirical analysis reported the following results: increased restrictions on the activities of banks increases the stability of the banking sector. On the other hand, the power and independence of the supervisory authority have a negative impact on the stability of Moldovan banks. The increase of the capital level strengthens the stability of Moldovan banks and, at the same time, reduces the risk. Thus, capital regulations are an important pillar of the policy of the regulation of the banking sector of Moldova.