Economy and Sociology: Theoretical and Scientifical Journal

7-15

Authors: Bestenigar KARA,PhD Student, Turkey; Alexandru GRIBINCEA, PhD, Professor, ULIM

While major oil exporting countries have made a solid recovery, most of the oil importing countries continue to struggle, which reflects, in large part, regional political and security issues, the inability of governments to implement difficult policy reforms, and continued slow global growth. The increased financial support from some major oil exporting countries has helped a number of oil importing countries to stave off economic challenges. However, underlying conditions at the economic growth remain highly vulnerable to domestic and external risks. The economic environment has some near and medium term perspectives, but it still stays fragile and, unless there are addressed hursh measures, regional political and security instability could heighten. The plot of article is based on the economic developments and perspectives of the Middle East and Central Asia countries against low oil prices, which has been changed today due to variable energy policies in the new global world system. The subject of article has been searched within the following framework: - decrease of the oil prices makes some difficulties for the oil exporters and limited benefits for the oil importers; - exporters have to adapt to the expenditures, reform of subventions for energy, in order to diversify the economy with the decrease of the share of oil industry; - importers should avoid the expenditures of unexpected benefits, to continue the subvention reform, to increase the level of employment and the growth rate. The goal of research is to study the influence of the price factor on the economic situation of the Middle East and Central Asia countries as a consequence on the countries from the Baltic Region, including the Republic of Moldova. The methodology of research. Statistical methods of analysis, comparison methods, dialectical methods, historical methods and etc. have been used for the analisys. The research and analysis. In the 80s (XXth century), the average oil price was 36 USD per barrel, similar to 2004. By 2008 oil prices rose to 97 USD. After the mortgage lending crisis in the US, accompanied by the collapse of the largest financial services companies, has caused a sharp decline in economic activity and a collapse of stock markets and commodities in 2008; oil prices in 2008-2009 reduced to 70 USD. As a result, in 2009, the global economy fell by 0.6%, which affected international trade, which decreased by 11% after an increase of 8% in 2004-2008.

26-31

Authors: Silvia Elena ISACHI, PhD Student, Research Assistant, Centre of Financial and Monetary Research “Victor Slavescu”; Georgiana CHITIGA, Scientific Researcher, Centre of Financial and Monetary Research “Victor Slavescu”.

The knowledge management aims to critique the issues of organizational adaptation, the survival and competence against the continuous changes. It has become obvious that, given their own nature and configuration, irreducible to previous shapes, the organizations based on knowledge cannot be ruled by applying the principles and the methods which were available in the industrial age. Managers cannot just continue doing what they knew and what they used to do in the environment of hierarchies, and for what they should do, they need new competencies; knowledge as a resource and as an organizational process, needs a dedicated managing, which is required to be official and professional; however, excellence remains for those who practice it because they have a talent for it. So, lately, there have been developed new concepts circumscribed to knowledge development it sustainable development marking a major change in tackling the development of humanity through the options of providing a dynamic balance between the components of natural capital and socio-economic systems.

43-47

Authors: Victor SULA, PhD, Associate Professor, ASEM

The value making process at the level of enterprise can by influenced by the distribution of material resources and logistics. Focus on logistics can significantly improve the efficiency of processes, decrease operating expenditures and as a result improve margins and cash flows. Altogether can result in higher enterprise value and shareholders’ satisfaction.

54-58

Authors: Tatiana ANDREEVA, PhD, IRIM

The article describes some aspects and problems of ensuring energy security and Moldova's development prospects in the economic and energetic context of the Black Sea region are studied. Particular attention is given to problems concerning the country's economic development and competitiveness in the current conditions, the basic strategic priority and Moldova's position within the cooperation in the Black Sea area.

64-71

Authors: Maria POPESCU, PhD Student ULIM, România Corina GRIBINCEA, PhD Student, INCE

You can not make a modern economy and society in development, without an effective energy security, capable of providing energy and support to the various branches of economic and social development. Providing the necessary energy to the world of increasingly globalized turned into a major theme of states, economic and social systems and military. Globalization, the rise of emerging economies gain economic competition etc. acute energy issues, especially its oil component. Against this background, energy security powerful states as a particular aspect of the national, regional and global security. The debate on energy security can no longer focus exclusively on the economic dimension. Ensuring energy security involves today more than ever before, correlation with political and military aspects of security as a whole. Status energy security requires overcoming vulnerabilities, risks, threats and risks on the international arena in transition from bipolar world to a new aspect of the system of international relations.

85-103

Authors: Elena BADARAU, prof., IRIM

When ordinary computer user hears the word “hacker”, most think of a dodgy internet criminal who breaks in to government intelligence files or steal people’s identities and credit card information. For the more tech savvy, however, the term is not just limited to people who use their ability for crime. By “hackers” they mean computer experts who can create and alter computer code and enter computer systems undetected. Hackers can be divided into 3 head categories depending on their intentions: White hat hackers: non-malicious hackers, like company employees who test the security of the firm’s own computer system by trying to break into it. Black hat hackers/crackers: malicious hackers, also known as crackers, who hack into systems with the intent to steal or vandalize. Grey hat hackers: in between the white hat and the black hat hacker, grey hats sometimes act illegally. They will for example break through a system without authorization in order to put vulnerabilities on show and then charge the owner a fee to repair it. The word “hackers” used in the computer sense appeared for the first time in 1963 in the MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) paper “The Tech”. It was used to describe pranks involving technology. Members of MIT's Tech Model Railroad Club had begun working with a computer and started applying the model railroad slang to computers. MIT became the building ground for the very first computer hackers and their experiments. In the early days, the 70’s and 80’s, the term “hacker” was used to describe a visionary programmer, passionate about coming up with new ways to use a computer – building new programs and systems. Computer company executives like Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Bill Gates were all hackers back in the day. Today, the phrase is used more about individuals who enter systems and work with code, rather than with reference to software creators. Here on the BullGuard website you will often see the phrase “internet criminals”, as an umbrella-term covering the people we try to protect the ordinary user from today. At the turn of the millennium, internet access at home was becoming a normal commodity and with this followed new practical online possibilities like online banking and shopping. Useful as the new possibilities were, they also opened the door for a part of the underground community of hackers, virus writers etc. to take their activities to the next level and make money off their illegal hobbies. This was the case for some, while others put their abilities to good use by working for companies or governments. The days when virus creators spread out infections with the purpose of making a name for themselves are gone. Nowadays cybercrime is better organized than ever and is becoming a multimillion dollar “business”. Moreover, the increasing popularity of social networking sites has attracted the attention of cyber criminals which exploit these in every possible way gaining significant financial benefits. Cyber fraud caused by Internet criminals accounts for approximately 60 million pounds in UK only and it is likely to move away from home users and concentrate on companies targeting larger amounts of money.

111-116

Authors: Alexei STURZA, master, PhD Student, NIER

Under the global society and economy based on knowledge and innovation, the intellectual potential of any organization is a key success factor. Its evaluation is a complex issue and can be performed including by self-assessment. The self-assessment of the intellectual potential of the public authorities of the Republic of Moldova performed within a survey based on a questionnaire of 32 questions on a sample of 100 public employees (sociological research method) conducted by the author in the years 2013-2014 revealed that at present it is a middle one, although it has a prospect of slow growth, but it is of major importance for the efficiency of their activity

123-132

Authors: Iulia CAPRIAN, PhD, associate professor, Moldova State University; Maria COJOCARU, PhD, associate professor, Moldova State University.

In recent years, management has become increasingly concerned with the organization and operation ways of internal control, being always in search for practical solutions. COSO and CoCo internal control frameworks are one of the most recognized and applied by practitioners. In the Republic of Moldova, the internal control system is implemented in the public entities and public companies, which allows them to better manage the activities necessary to achieve the objectives. In this paper the authors highlight the advantages and peculiarities of internal control frameworks in the public and corporate management system.