Economy and Sociology: Theoretical and Scientifical Journal

7-15

Authors: Bestenigar KARA,PhD Student, Turkey; Alexandru GRIBINCEA, PhD, Professor, ULIM

While major oil exporting countries have made a solid recovery, most of the oil importing countries continue to struggle, which reflects, in large part, regional political and security issues, the inability of governments to implement difficult policy reforms, and continued slow global growth. The increased financial support from some major oil exporting countries has helped a number of oil importing countries to stave off economic challenges. However, underlying conditions at the economic growth remain highly vulnerable to domestic and external risks. The economic environment has some near and medium term perspectives, but it still stays fragile and, unless there are addressed hursh measures, regional political and security instability could heighten. The plot of article is based on the economic developments and perspectives of the Middle East and Central Asia countries against low oil prices, which has been changed today due to variable energy policies in the new global world system. The subject of article has been searched within the following framework: - decrease of the oil prices makes some difficulties for the oil exporters and limited benefits for the oil importers; - exporters have to adapt to the expenditures, reform of subventions for energy, in order to diversify the economy with the decrease of the share of oil industry; - importers should avoid the expenditures of unexpected benefits, to continue the subvention reform, to increase the level of employment and the growth rate. The goal of research is to study the influence of the price factor on the economic situation of the Middle East and Central Asia countries as a consequence on the countries from the Baltic Region, including the Republic of Moldova. The methodology of research. Statistical methods of analysis, comparison methods, dialectical methods, historical methods and etc. have been used for the analisys. The research and analysis. In the 80s (XXth century), the average oil price was 36 USD per barrel, similar to 2004. By 2008 oil prices rose to 97 USD. After the mortgage lending crisis in the US, accompanied by the collapse of the largest financial services companies, has caused a sharp decline in economic activity and a collapse of stock markets and commodities in 2008; oil prices in 2008-2009 reduced to 70 USD. As a result, in 2009, the global economy fell by 0.6%, which affected international trade, which decreased by 11% after an increase of 8% in 2004-2008.

26-31

Authors: Silvia Elena ISACHI, PhD Student, Research Assistant, Centre of Financial and Monetary Research “Victor Slavescu”; Georgiana CHITIGA, Scientific Researcher, Centre of Financial and Monetary Research “Victor Slavescu”.

The knowledge management aims to critique the issues of organizational adaptation, the survival and competence against the continuous changes. It has become obvious that, given their own nature and configuration, irreducible to previous shapes, the organizations based on knowledge cannot be ruled by applying the principles and the methods which were available in the industrial age. Managers cannot just continue doing what they knew and what they used to do in the environment of hierarchies, and for what they should do, they need new competencies; knowledge as a resource and as an organizational process, needs a dedicated managing, which is required to be official and professional; however, excellence remains for those who practice it because they have a talent for it. So, lately, there have been developed new concepts circumscribed to knowledge development it sustainable development marking a major change in tackling the development of humanity through the options of providing a dynamic balance between the components of natural capital and socio-economic systems.

43-47

Authors: Victor SULA, PhD, Associate Professor, ASEM

The value making process at the level of enterprise can by influenced by the distribution of material resources and logistics. Focus on logistics can significantly improve the efficiency of processes, decrease operating expenditures and as a result improve margins and cash flows. Altogether can result in higher enterprise value and shareholders’ satisfaction.

54-58

Authors: Tatiana ANDREEVA, PhD, IRIM

The article describes some aspects and problems of ensuring energy security and Moldova's development prospects in the economic and energetic context of the Black Sea region are studied. Particular attention is given to problems concerning the country's economic development and competitiveness in the current conditions, the basic strategic priority and Moldova's position within the cooperation in the Black Sea area.

64-71

Authors: Maria POPESCU, PhD Student ULIM, România Corina GRIBINCEA, PhD Student, INCE

You can not make a modern economy and society in development, without an effective energy security, capable of providing energy and support to the various branches of economic and social development. Providing the necessary energy to the world of increasingly globalized turned into a major theme of states, economic and social systems and military. Globalization, the rise of emerging economies gain economic competition etc. acute energy issues, especially its oil component. Against this background, energy security powerful states as a particular aspect of the national, regional and global security. The debate on energy security can no longer focus exclusively on the economic dimension. Ensuring energy security involves today more than ever before, correlation with political and military aspects of security as a whole. Status energy security requires overcoming vulnerabilities, risks, threats and risks on the international arena in transition from bipolar world to a new aspect of the system of international relations.

85-103

Authors: Elena BADARAU, prof., IRIM

When ordinary computer user hears the word “hacker”, most think of a dodgy internet criminal who breaks in to government intelligence files or steal people’s identities and credit card information. For the more tech savvy, however, the term is not just limited to people who use their ability for crime. By “hackers” they mean computer experts who can create and alter computer code and enter computer systems undetected. Hackers can be divided into 3 head categories depending on their intentions: White hat hackers: non-malicious hackers, like company employees who test the security of the firm’s own computer system by trying to break into it. Black hat hackers/crackers: malicious hackers, also known as crackers, who hack into systems with the intent to steal or vandalize. Grey hat hackers: in between the white hat and the black hat hacker, grey hats sometimes act illegally. They will for example break through a system without authorization in order to put vulnerabilities on show and then charge the owner a fee to repair it. The word “hackers” used in the computer sense appeared for the first time in 1963 in the MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) paper “The Tech”. It was used to describe pranks involving technology. Members of MIT's Tech Model Railroad Club had begun working with a computer and started applying the model railroad slang to computers. MIT became the building ground for the very first computer hackers and their experiments. In the early days, the 70’s and 80’s, the term “hacker” was used to describe a visionary programmer, passionate about coming up with new ways to use a computer – building new programs and systems. Computer company executives like Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Bill Gates were all hackers back in the day. Today, the phrase is used more about individuals who enter systems and work with code, rather than with reference to software creators. Here on the BullGuard website you will often see the phrase “internet criminals”, as an umbrella-term covering the people we try to protect the ordinary user from today. At the turn of the millennium, internet access at home was becoming a normal commodity and with this followed new practical online possibilities like online banking and shopping. Useful as the new possibilities were, they also opened the door for a part of the underground community of hackers, virus writers etc. to take their activities to the next level and make money off their illegal hobbies. This was the case for some, while others put their abilities to good use by working for companies or governments. The days when virus creators spread out infections with the purpose of making a name for themselves are gone. Nowadays cybercrime is better organized than ever and is becoming a multimillion dollar “business”. Moreover, the increasing popularity of social networking sites has attracted the attention of cyber criminals which exploit these in every possible way gaining significant financial benefits. Cyber fraud caused by Internet criminals accounts for approximately 60 million pounds in UK only and it is likely to move away from home users and concentrate on companies targeting larger amounts of money.

111-116

Authors: Alexei STURZA, master, PhD Student, NIER

Under the global society and economy based on knowledge and innovation, the intellectual potential of any organization is a key success factor. Its evaluation is a complex issue and can be performed including by self-assessment. The self-assessment of the intellectual potential of the public authorities of the Republic of Moldova performed within a survey based on a questionnaire of 32 questions on a sample of 100 public employees (sociological research method) conducted by the author in the years 2013-2014 revealed that at present it is a middle one, although it has a prospect of slow growth, but it is of major importance for the efficiency of their activity

123-132

Authors: Iulia CAPRIAN, PhD, associate professor, Moldova State University; Maria COJOCARU, PhD, associate professor, Moldova State University.

In recent years, management has become increasingly concerned with the organization and operation ways of internal control, being always in search for practical solutions. COSO and CoCo internal control frameworks are one of the most recognized and applied by practitioners. In the Republic of Moldova, the internal control system is implemented in the public entities and public companies, which allows them to better manage the activities necessary to achieve the objectives. In this paper the authors highlight the advantages and peculiarities of internal control frameworks in the public and corporate management system.

9-16

Authors: Alexandru STRATAN, Professor, National Institute for Economic Research, RM

During last years, Republic of Moldova launched a number of trade policy development initiatives in order to ensure a more facilitating legal framework for the economic and trade relations with the key external partners. Thus, an agreement on the establishment of a free trade area in the CIS was signed and, similarly, Republic of Moldova started negotiating the Association Agreement with the European Union, which was initialed in November 2013 and signed in June 2014 and has as component part the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (DCFTA). The paper aims at the assessment of the main effects of signing the Association Agreement on the Moldovan agricultural sector, while examining its reaction, if the Republic of Moldova would have opted for its integration in the Customs Union - Russian Federation, Belarus, and Kazakhstan.

27-36

Authors: Simion CERTAN, PhD, Professor, UASM Ion CERTAN, PhD, USM

After the approval of Declaration of Independence (August 27, 1991), Republic of Moldova lives in the hope to strengthen its place among the democratic nations of the world and create a new socio-economic system. The formation of the new economic system passes through a difficult stage of the country’s joint efforts with those of the international community. The article is meditated on the development of national economy, the spatial orientation of trade relations, and the vector integration of the national economy. The authors come up with some proposals that would accelerate and streamline of the process of implementation of the Association Agreement and the subsequent integration of the national economy in the European Union.

44-47

Authors: Irina AZHAMAN, PhD, Associate Professor, Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Odessa, Ukraine

The following article identifies the peculiarities of investments in the rural social domain. Furthermore, it was settled that public financing of social objects construction in rural areas is limited and decreases annually, Regarding this subject, in order to encourage investments in the rural social domain, it is proposed to increase the rights and responsibilities of the local and government authorities. It is required for the government to allow the right to decide the priority domains of development for the constructions of objects in the social field of the rural areas, the allocations of financial means for the development of such projects, examination of their use and quality on the work execution. The main investment sources in the development of the social environment construction of the rural areas are determined based on the present research.

57-63

Authors: Grigore BELOSTECINIC, acad., rector AESM. Dragos DUCA, PhD student, AESM. Irina RABOSAPCA, PhD, ASM.

One of the main pillars in ensuring the development of a sustainable and competitive market economy is the fair and honest competition. The institutionalization process of competition in the Republic of Moldova has started after the independence and reform of all spheres of economic and social activity, passing through several stages of development.

67-72

Authors: Irena KRISCIUKAITIENE, PhD, Lithuanian Institute of Agricultural Economics Gerald SCHWARZ, PhD, Thünen Institute of Farm Economics

The main objectives of the paper are to review the development of productivity indicators of the agricultural sectors in Lithuania and Germany and to discuss the role and potential contributions of the support measures in the Rural Development Programs. The paper will focus on sectorial productivity and profitability indicators included in the Common Monitoring and Evaluation Framework (CMEF) of rural development policy in the EU and carry out a comparative statistical analysis with policy support indicators over the period 2000 to 2011. The results of the analysis indicate that the impact of RDP funding on sectorial economic development is rather limited and other intervening factors play a much bigger role. Further case study analysis is required to examine the specific causal relationships between the main determinants of competitiveness and RDPs at regional level. This would create a better understanding of how specific regional factors can hinder or foster positive economic impacts of rural development measures on agricultural sectors in the EU.

85-92

Authors: Zhanna TARASOVA , PhD. Econ., Economy of organization and Pricing Department, St. Petersburg State University of Trade and Economics, Russia

The study focuses on the analysis of the implementation of value-based management (VBM) conception in the framework of strategic management at Russian enterprises in the period from 1995 to 2013. It reveals the sequence of VBM implementation phases at enterprises of different types and the need of VBM elements, depending on the implemented strategy and the characteristics of the enterprise. The relevance of research is ensured by constantly increasing importance of strategic management and use of technologies based on values in Russian business practice and the need for theoretical and methodological understanding of this experience. The purpose of this study is to: (1) the identification of the stages of introduction of VBM into different enterprises in Russia and (2) analysis of strategies,in process of which the value approach was used in the strategic management of companies from Russia.

96-98

Authors: Victoria BAIEVA, assistant Odessa National Polytechnic University, Ucraina

This article is devoted to the need to strengthen the economic security of Ukraine in the context of globalization by developing their own economic policies and integration strategies that can ensure the effective functioning of the national economy, the national interest and economic growth of the country in the world.

104-108

Authors: Lina PILELIENĖ, PhD, Assoc. Prof., Vytautas MAGNUS University, Lithuania

Being disappointed with food quality in supermarkets, people are searching for healthier products in other places. Farmers’ markets are often considered as an alternative. Nowadays, farmers’ markets are gaining their popularity in Lithuania, as well as in many other countries. However, the competition among farmers is increasing as well. As customer loyalty is becoming one of the fundamental goals for the main part of organizations, the same rules can be adapted if considering farmer as a company. Knowing the customer loyalty structure in farmers’ market can help a farmer in taking optimal measures for keeping loyal customers and excelling in the market.

116-122

Authors: Ion SARBU, PhD, Professor, ASEM. Florin-Ioan BRETAN, PhD Student, ASEM, Romania.

The company’s function is represented by the entire work processes, similar or complementary which contribute to the achievement of the same objectives through the use of concepts, knowledge, techniques and methods in the same, related or complementary fields that characterize trading companies in Maramures County. In the specialized literature it is considered that companies have five functions, which do not exist independently than at theoretical level, in practice they are interdependent. At the same time, the organizations based on knowledge in the globalization process modify their activities in accordance with market requirements and European integration.

129-134

Authors: Alexandru GRIBINCEA, PhD, Professor, ULIM. Silvestru MAXIMILIAN, PhD, Professor, ULIM. Liudmila TODOROVA, PhD Student, MSU.

The innovation process encompasses a variety of activities, fundamental and applied scientific research, scientific achievements based on experiments, engineering solutions and their implementation, that are able to produce economic, technological, environmental and social effects. May be found hundreds of indicators that are published periodically in statistics in order to assess the innovative activity. This article presents the methodological aspects regarding the development of integrated innovation indicators of a country and its regions to promote both economic and social development through the enhanced of innovative activity which is to ensure the competitiveness of goods and services. The innovation indicators are used because they are integrated into theoretical models that contain hypotheses on the interrelations between the innovative activity and economic growth.

143-145

Authors: Svetlana KURAKSINA, Senior Lecturer, Comrat State University, RM

The features of crisis in the agrarian economic sector in the Republic of Moldova is determined by the need for applying innovative methods of crisis management. The effective management of enterprises of the agrarian sector requires a detailed analysis of the existing problems and the impact of management to address the priority issues of development of agricultural enterprises.

153-156

Authors: Radu COZMA, PhD Student, TUM. Valentin SVERDLIC, PhD, Associate Professor, TUM.

The construction branch has a central role in the economic development of the Republic of Moldova. A series of international studies have shown, on the basis of the economical general patterns of stability, the major interdependence between this branch and the rest of the economic sectors. This means that there is a high level degree of complementarity between the economical agents from the construction branch and those from the rest of the sectors.

162-166

Authors: Ivan LUCHIAN, PhD, Associate Professor, International Institute of Management IMI-NOVA

Carousel fraud, which is also called missing trader fraud, occurs when an individual or company imports goods from a country without the value added tax and then sells those goods to domestic buyers and charges them the VAT. The sellers then disappear without paying the VAT that they collected [3]. Nowadays, this type of VAT fraud is the one of the main preoccupation of European Union. Taking to account European aspiration of Republic of Moldova, this topic presents scientific interest and fundamental subject of this article.

172-184

Authors: Lidia MAIER, scientific researcher, NIER

At present, the innovational path of development for the Republic of Moldova is the only way possible for increasing the business competitiveness as well as the economy. But, for this path to be effective and successful it is necessary to create favorable conditions for the development of inovational activity. In the article have been described the main types of innovations, reflected the entrepreneurs’ perceptions of Republic of Moldova to the implementation of innovations in their own businesses, identified on the basis of questionnaires, some indicators were analyzed, that allow us the measuring of some dimensions of the innovation in the country and some barriers, that currently stand in the way of drawing up and implementing innovation.

190-200

Authors: Elena BADARAU, senior lecturer, IRIM

Electronic trading, sometimes called e-trading, is a method of trading securities (such as stocks, and bonds), foreign exchange or financial derivatives electronically. Information technology is used to bring together buyers and sellers through an electronic trading platform and network to create virtual market places such as NASDAQ, NYSE Arca and Globex which are also known as electronic communication networks (ECNs). Electronic trading is rapidly replacing human trading in global securities markets.

9-15

Authors: Vadim MACARI, PhD, Associate Researcher, NIER

In this article, some of the most important research issues and developments in economic competitiveness as the process and multidimensional concept have been studied. The ‘competitive enterprise’ has been defined and it was shown that the profit is of secondary importance compared with the competitive ability. There were researched certain components of the enterprise’s competitiveness: competitiveness of a market supply; competitiveness of the potential (resources) of an enterprise; management competitiveness; competitiveness of a managerial idea. The author argues that the effectiveness of the entrepreneurial activity, as a rule, remains the factor with the highest contribution to ensuring, maintaining and increasing of the entrepreneurial competitiveness.

35-46

Authors: Eugenia FEURAS, PhD, Associate Professor, AESM

This paper concerns the problems that local education system faces, reform measures proposed in the Education Sector Strategy 2020, and author’s suggestions on issues underappreciated or overlooked such as: a necessity of correlating the educational policy with that of eradicating poverty; prerequisites for applying credit system to access education, measures of forming scientific and innovation culture among schoolchildren and students, creation of strategic alliances between higher education establishments and research environment, changes in the organization of scientific research in higher education establishments, etc. All these changes are driven by the worsening of Moldova’s position in the world rankings by the Knowledge Economy Index (KEI).

53-59

Authors: Ion STURZU, PhD Student, FIUM, Deputy Governor of the NBM

Government debt (also known as public debt and national debt) is the debt owed by a central government. (In the U.S. and other federal states, "government debt" may also refer to the debt of a state or provincial government, municipal or local government). By contrast, the annual "government deficit" refers to the difference between government receipts and spending in a single year, that is, the increase of debt over a particular year. Government debt is one method of financing government operations, but it is not the only method. Governments can also create money to monetize their debts, thereby removing the need to pay interest. But this practice simply reduces government interest costs rather than truly canceling government debt, and can result in hyperinflation if used unsparingly. Governments usually borrow by issuing securities, government bonds and bills. Less creditworthy countries sometimes borrow directly from a supranational organization (e.g. the World Bank) or international financial institutions). As the government draws its income from much of the population, government debt is an indirect debt of the taxpayers. Government debt can be categorized as internal debt (owed to lenders within the country) and external debt (owed to foreign lenders). Sovereign debt usually refers to government debt that has been issued in a foreign currency. Another common division of government debt is by duration until repayment is due. Short term debt is generally considered to be for one year or less, long term is for more than ten years. Medium term debt falls between these two boundaries. A broader definition of government debt may consider all government liabilities, including future pension payments and payments for goods and services the government has contracted but not yet paid.

66-72

Authors: Irina RABOŞAPCA, PhD, ASM. Andras-Istvan BARTA, PhD, Babes-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

Environmental fees remain an efficient tool for minimizing the negative human impact on the environment. Through these taxes, the traders are sensible to reduce natural resources consumption, to minimize environmental risk of anthropogenic origin and the volume of emissions during technological processes for goods and services production.

78-84

Authors: Tatiana COLESNICOVA, PhD, senior researcher, NIER. Tatiana IAŢIŞIN, PhD Student, researcher, NIER.

The situation with wine sector and wine tourism (enotourism) in many countries of the world is analyzed in the given article. Also, some figures from the Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index and opinions of the world known experts from this sphere are done.

90-94

Authors: Laura AFTENI, PhD Student, NIER

The article analyzes the tax burden through the branch division of the national economy. The purpose of this segmentation is to know the tax burden on specific economic areas. There are proposed and evaluated a set of coefficients and indicators for assessing the efficiency of the tax system. Also there is made a comparative analysis of fiscal pressure with branch structure of GDP.

103-108

Authors: Danaia BETIVU, PhD Student, Scientific Researcher, NIER Ion VASELASCU, PhD, Scientific Researcher, NIER

Horseradish is grown from antiquity for medical purposes. Use of horseradish in the food began in the Middle Ages, in Europe. Emigration of Europeans on the North American continent have led to growing horseradish for commercial purposes, and today being a profitable business for some countries such as the USA, Austria, Hungary, etc. In Moldova, although used in the food industry as feedstock for sauces, preserves and spice, the horseradish is grown in small quantities only in households. This article aims to highlighting the features and costs of horseradish cultivation in commercial purposes in the Republic of Moldova.

116-125

Authors: Cornel COSER, PhD Student, Assistant Lecturer, SAUM

Quantifying the agri-food export competitiveness of the Republic of Moldova sets the task to determine those indices and aspects that actually form the sectoral image. Going beyond the familiar expressions of export performance, the paper highlights the competitiveness' dynamics, logistical and tariff approach items. Making abstraction of other factors, we reach conclusions and recommendations on reflected nuances both in terms of micro-management, as well as government policies.

132-139

Authors: Catalina-Adriana IVANUS, PhD Student, ASE Bucharest, România

Equal treatment between women and men is a fundamental part of the general principles of European law. Inequalities between women and men violate fundamental rights. As in other aspects of life, in employment still exists a number of de facto inequalities. From these inequalities gender segregation and gender pay gap are important.

145-156

Authors: Svetlana DODON, PhD Student, NIER

This article highlights the political, institutional and social causes of rising of current deficits. But first of all will be presented uniform tax theory and methods of its application. Importance of budgetary balance is as never obvious in special now so it is particularly important to highlight factors that hinder its performance and lead to deficits. Below are listed just some of political, institutional and social aspects that contribute to rising of deficits.

164-172

Authors: Efim ZUBCO, senior lecturer, State Agrarian University of Moldova

Agriculture was and remains one of the basic branches of the national economy. The need to develop a modern agriculture, capable of ensuring food security of the country, requires special attention of the state to this branch. This attention is manifested by the elaboration and implementation of agricultural subsidy strategies. In the context of European integration, Republic of Moldova pursues to connect its agricultural policies with the European ones. At present, the subsidy policies in the Republic of Moldova differ significantly from those of the European Union. This is caused by several factors among which the most important is the lack of necessary funds. The land reform of 1991 was an important stage of country's agricultural development. Ownership of agricultural land engendered new legal forms of organization. New socio-economic phenomena put their imprint on the entire production process in agriculture. Along with socio-economic issues which had a positive impact, we faced several negative aspects, for example: excessive fragmentation of land. In this case, the content of agricultural land relations is directly influenced both by the elaboration of the appropriate legislative framework and by the agricultural subsidy policy promoted by state. The regulatory process (influence) of land relations requires, first of all, their detailed knowledge: knowledge of the object, subject, social economic and environmental needs. Only in this way, it is possible to develop approaches, modes and influence methods, i.e., the methodology of regulation of land relations. The goal of any land reform or regulation of land relations can’t have a negative impact neither on the social, economic and environmental conditions nor on the living conditions of the population.

9-15

Authors: Tatiana SHKODA, PhD, National Aviation University, Kyiv, Ukraine. Anastasia STEFANITA, junior scientific researcher, Information Society Development Institute, RM.

Information society is a complex, interdisciplinary and actual concept with reference to the role of the technologies we use in all spheres of the life. The impact of the information society on human capital management is obvious as the technological tools are used daily for improvement the performance of the modern companies. In tis artice it is presented the analysis of international aviation enterprises' activity (case of Ukraine and Republic of Moldova) in the sphere of human capital management.

29-40

Authors: Alexandru GRIBINCEA, PhD, Proffesor, ULIM. Aliona CERNOVA, PhD. Student, ULIM.

The Moldovan textile sector is a major domain of the country’s export and still has a tremendous growth potential. The industry accounted for 1.5% of the GDP and 3.9 (NBS) of the manufacturing GDP. The textile cluster employed over 2,750 workers in 2010, 4,092 in 2011 and 4,118 in 2012. The most important export destinations for Moldovan textile producers are EU countries. Moldova’s main competitive advantages include the competitive workforce and the fact that this is one of the cheapest locations. Most of these jobs are rural-based and taken by young women, who make up 85-95% of all T&A workers. The value of the manufactured textiles was € 33,8 million in 2010 and rose more than twice - up to € 68,14 million in 2011 and € 78,95 in 2012 (NBS). Moldova has an easy access to both CIS and European markets. Over 83 (NBS) companies operate in the Moldovan textile industry, most of them in CM (cut and make), CMT (cut, make and trim) processing. Major foreign partners for outsourcing are of Italian, German and Dutch origin, and include Dolce&Gabbana and Trussardi, for instance.

46-49

Authors: Alexey SHAMIN, PhD Student. Anatoly SHAMIN, PhD, Professor, Nizhny Novgorod. State Engineering and Economic Institute, Russia.

The article presents different approaches of a number of authors how to determine the optimal size of agricultural organizations and their nature. There are different methods that were used while researching, including statistical, monographic, constructive and others. The article also presents the contribution of various scientists and researchers in solving optimization problems with the sizes of enterprises in agriculture, as well as proposed efficiency criteria of chosen methods.

56-72

Authors: Ion GHIZDEANU, PhD, Professor, Institute of Economic Forecasting Marioara IORDAN, PhD, Institute of Economic Forecasting, Romania

In essence, the main cause of poverty and the impossibility to reach a certain life standard derive from lack of income. Discussing the poverty phenomenon implies the delimitation of the population from the point of view of territoriality and from the point of view of an acceptable life standard, generally compared to the average indicators specific to a certain community. In this paper, poverty is analysed both methodologically and conceptually. Therefore, the paper presents aspects regarding poverty and social exclusion, the main dimensions of poverty in Romania. It is generally known that main factor of reducing poverty and social exclusion is the real convergence, and thus the final part of the paper is oriented towards the main aspects of its evolution.

79-83

Authors: Victor APOPIY, PhD, Professor, Ucraina. Natalia SYTNYK, PhD, Docent, Ucraina.

The article deals with theoretical and methodological aspects of the modernization of domestic trade. The relevance of the study was due to the lack of scientific evidence and deformation of the trade modernization in practice. The models, spheres and the strategic direction of modernization and expected results have been proposed.

92-104

Authors: Mariana MIRZAC, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Finance and Banking, SUM

The business incubators are an instrument of indirect financial support mechanisms in the field of business entrepreneurship of small and medium business, as in the final stage of incubation operators can obtain the status of a successful enterprise and help support new entrepreneurs that are working effectively and which are at the stage of incubation. The university incubators meet the need for action to support businesses resulting primarily from activities of universities having the main goal to turn research results into productive technological activities, with efficient economic results.

112-120

Authors: Ion STURZU, PhD Student, Deputy Governor, NBM. Alexandru GRIBINCEA, PhD, Professor, ULIM. Silvestru Maximilian, PhD, Professor, ULIM.

The credit crises are the consequences of demonetization process failure of MONEY-LIABILITY. To initiate a treatment of this process more "overshadowed" by the financial-banking system, it is required a comprehensive analysis of GLOBAL DEBT; GLOBAL GDP and the ratio between them called "FINANCIAL LEVERS" [3]. The "malfunctions" of DEBT monitoring process are random, but in principle can be formalized by setting them based on statistical probability of credit crisis in the last 100 years [7, 8].

128-136

Authors: Iulia CAPRIAN, PhD, USM. Maria COJOCARU, PhD, USM. Lilia ROTARU, PhD, USM.

In this scientific article the authors focus on an important issue for the Public Finance Management – audit of the functioning of the management systems and of public internal financial control. The main role in achieving this function lies with the Court of Accounts of the Republic of Moldova, which, through the work that it carries, through the requirements and recommendations, seeks efficient public finance management with the principles of economy, efficiency and effectiveness. The study was conducted based on the activity reports of the Court of Accounts of the Republic of Moldova for the period 2009-2012 and the tentative report for 2013 presented in the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova.

143-147

Authors: Ivan LUCHIAN, PhD, Associate Professor, International Institute of Management IMI-NOVA

European integration of Republic of Moldova requires solvation of many issues, including those relating to fiscal aspects. The main of them are related to the harmonization of tax legislation of the Republic of Moldova to the European and the operation of the shadow economy and tax fraud. This article will be devoted to reflection problems and some ways of resolving them.

155-159

Authors: Iulita BIRCA, junior scientific researcher, NIER Tatiana PARVAN, IDIS “Viitorul”

This article reflects the evolution in time of visions and approaches of the RDI in international experience, revealing the consequences that have resulted from the application of changes to standardize the statistical evaluation of the RDI sector in the process of creating a knowledge-based economy.

166-172

Authors: Cristina UNGUR, PhD Student, scientific researcher, NIER

Any human activity implies the existence of certain dangers for life, health or property. The need to protect them has led to insurance. In this article we present the chronological evolution of the phenomenon of insurance from its origin in antiquity to the contemporary period. We also show the interdependence of development of human civilization and the diversification and development of insurance services in various historical eras.

180-184

Authors: Iulia BADOI, PhD Student, AES, Bucuresti

Collective labor conflicts always constituted a subject of great interest from the perspective of social, economic and legislative implications. The complex and inherent nature of conflicts within working relations justify a multidisciplinary approach of the issue, sustained by statistic tools meant to enable a pertinent analysis of the situation of collective labor conflicts in Romania. The present paper, without pretending to exhaust the subject, is aiming to present the legal framework and the statistic data concerning the regulation of this type of conflicts.

190-195

Authors: Elena ROBU, PhD Student, ULIM

The management principles define the requirements regarding the system, structure and management organization. Tourism management is determined by the main theories and rules that govern all levels of management. These rules define the „line” behavior of the manager and are treated as guidelines. Thus, the principles of management can be represented as the basic ideas, laws and behavior rules of managers for the implementation of their management functions.

200-204

Authors: Natalia CHERADI, PhD Student, AESM Elena RAILEAN, PhD Student, AESM

This paper reveals the results of the “Strengthening the information literacy skills of the library users at Scientific Library of the Academy of Economic Studies from Moldova” survey. The aim of the study was to identify the role of the library while developing information literacy skills for students, teachers, and researchers and to study educational needs of consumers in the new information context. The survey covered 1004 respondents from six departments. As a research tool it was used the questionnaire survey method from SurveyMonkey online.