Economy and Sociology: Theoretical and Scientifical Journal

11-20

Authors: Simion CERTAN , PhD, Professor, State Agrarian University of Moldova; Ion CERTAN , PhD, Moldova State Institute of International Relations

After twenty-four years of reforming the national economy by dismantling the centrally administered economic system and the establishment of market economy system, suppression of public and amplification of private property our country has reached an advanced level of poverty. In this process, national economy development passed through important changes not only in form, but also in fund. This situation requires intensification of concerns related to the national economy, which determines the actuality of this study. In the research, there were applied specific methods and techniques of economic investigations, based on the statistical yearbooks of the Republic of Moldova and Eurostat and other afferent publications. In the article, the authors reflect on the evolution of our country’s economy and come up with some suggestions that would contribute to the sustainable development of the national economy.

26-30

Authors: Bestenigar KARA , PhD Student, Turkey; Sedat Hasan KARACAOGLU , PhD Student, Turkey; Salih KAYA , PhD, Professor, Turkey.

A Customs Union came into force on 31 December 1995. The Customs Union covers all industrial goods but does not address agriculture (except processed agricultural products), services or public procurement. Bilateral trade concessions are applied to agricultural products. In addition to providing for a common external tariff for the products covered, the Customs Union foresees that Turkey is to align to the acquis communautaire in several essential internal market areas, notably with regard to industrial standards. Following the Commission’s proposal on “extending and deepening” the Customs Union, in November 1996 the Council agreed to negotiating guidelines on the liberalisation of services and public procurement between the EU and Turkey. Negotiations were, however, suspended in 2002. The main characteristic of this very dense and complex relationship is the fact that it is handled through a multitude of different modes, forums, and procedures without much consistency among them. And the difficulties encountered in the EU accession process, which is currently stalled, have tended to poison the relationship in other domains. Now, facing a number of shared challenges, the two have a major opportunity to move their relationship to a higher level by working together to deal with short- and long-term issues that are of vital importance for both. As Europe’s political and economic weight declines and Turkey is consolidated as a regional power, cooperation on economic issues will be increasingly supplemented by cooperation in other areas in order to maintain a geopolitical balance in the region and limit the presence of external players.

39-46

Authors: Ludmila MALCOCI , PhD in social sciences, Senior researcher, Legal and Political Research Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Moldova

The Republic of Moldova started the process of deinstitutionalization of children with disabilities/and special educational needs and their inclusion in biological families and mainstream community based services. Alongside with the deinstitutionalization, inclusion of children with special educational needs in regular community schools became a strategic direction of the educational policies in Moldova. In 2014, the Alliance of NGOs in the field of Social Protection of Family and Child conducted a research on assessment of inclusive education models implemented in pilot schools with the aim to identify positive practices, learned lessons and challenges in developing policies in the field of evidence-based education The research was conducted in 20 pilot schools from 12 counties. There were interviewed 200 teachers, 20 school managers, 360 students (162 pupils with SEN, 112 students studying in classes with children with SEN and 86 children studying in classes with no students having SEN). 10 focus group discussions with caregivers, students, teachers, parents (all in total 100 participants) and 6 interviews with the general directorates of education and mayors were conducted. The article is focused on comparative analysis of perceptions, attitudes and behaviors of students with SEN and typical students regarding the inclusion of children with SEN in regular schools. The author concluded that the implementation of inclusive education resulted in rather positive changes in respective schools: provision with materials, modern devices, improvement of teaching quality and methods, change in the behaviors of children with SEN and in typical children; the typical children have positive attitudes and perceptions regarding the inclusion of children with SEN in their regular community schools; the level of school satisfaction of both: children with SEN and typical children is pretty high; the social and learning environment in pilot schools is friendly and started to be adapted to children individual needs; the both: children with SEN and typical children have high level of self-esteem and confidence. However, there are still some differences in attitudes and perceptions as regarding the inclusive education of children with SEN: in focus group discussions some of typical children claim that sometimes the children with SEN feel uncomfortable at school because they are discriminated/ignored by their classmates; some of children with SEN have disruptive behaviors and disturb the attention of other children in classes. The children with SEN are less involved than their typical peers in classes and in extra-curricular activities and have less friends in schools and outside the schools.

58-66

Authors: Bestenigar KARA , PhD Student, Free International University of Moldova; Alexandru GRIBINCEA , PhD, Professor, Free International University of Moldova.

The topic of article is bilateral economical and foreign trade relations between Turkey, which has started to apply outward-oriented economic policies since globalization and Moldova, which has done market transition after breaking up with the Soviet Union. Within this frame, the subject of article has been searched in depth as follows: general overview of Turkey’s economic relations, overall picture of Moldovan-Turkish relations, short exposition of Moldovan economy and bilateral economic and foreign trade relations of Moldova and Turkey. The topic of article is a current issue. Because Moldova, which is closed to Turkey in terms of geography, culture and history always has been an attractive country politico-economically for Turkey since its independence. Bilateral economic relations starting with shuttle trade have formalized and further developed and Turkey became as one of top ten biggest economic and trade partner of Moldova. On this basis, the aim of study is to elucidate foreign trade of Turkey with Moldova and to compare performances of Turkey by years and by other countries, which have remarkable domination in Moldovan market. Within this scope, bilateral trade volume of Moldova and Turkey has increased year by year considering the past decade, which makes Turkey as the 7th largest import and 8th export partner of Moldova. Turkey aims to be one of the first three biggest economic partner of Moldova after entry into force of Free Trade Agreement (FTA), which was signed by both countries in 2014 to increase foreign trade volume up to 1 billion US dollars.

74-78

Authors: Natalia MOCANU , PhD, Associate Professor, State Agrarian University of Moldova; Liliana MARDARI , PhD Student, Senior Lecturer, State Agrarian University of Moldova.

Actuality. Starting from the presentation of the main issues and trends in rural areas, as the average development of the agricultural sector, it is necessary to reflect the conditions of implementation of social insurance mechanism in this sector. Aim. Following the particularities accentuation of the social insurance system in agricultural sector, with some parts of it, in terms of their evolution and interdependence between economic and social plan, as well as attempts of reformation state’s social insurance system. Methodology. Only emphasizing differences, similarities and interactions can be highlighted mechanisms of a specific policy and evaluation of programs and directions of reform needed. The comparative method has a practical significance because knowledge of development can offer clues for adoption and implementation of future policies. In this context comparison method and dynamic analysis are used. Results. The peculiarities of development of state social insurance system in the agricultural sector are highlighted, both in terms of insurance fees applied, and also some considerations (pensions).

87-95

Authors: Victoria COCIUG , PhD, Associate Professor, Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova; Victoria POSTOLACHE (DOGOTARI) , PhD student, Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova.

The impact of the financial crisis has demonstrated the fragility of the banking sector and the need to implement new technologies that would allow not only insurance against the most important credit risk - credit risk, but development of lending segment. In such conditions, transfer of credit risk is an efficient and actual way to diversify the banks exposure for credit risk by the presence of those who are willing to take on some of this risk. Taking of credit risk can be achieved through credit derivatives, securitization and sale of loans, being selected the most advantageous technique for the bank. The current situation of the national banking sector requires solving the problem of bad loans, which, unfortunately, are increasing, by implementing new techniques for credit risk management according with EU directives.