Anthropological Measurements of Philosophical Research

19-28

Authors: S. R. Karpenko

The aim of the paper is the identification of anthropological content of the power and mass discourses in contemporary social transformations. The theme of philosophical and anthropological meaning of discourse communication between mass and power in post-modern society acquires the significant relevance because of technologization of the governance processes and transformation of previously sacred power as a set of standard procedures. Methodology of the paper consists on the disclosure of cultural peculiarities and substantial forms of power discourse and mass discourse properties in major directions of philosophical anthropology of middle XX and at the beginning of the XXI century. Scientific novelty. The directions of the institutional sense expression in the discourse of power supply are disclosed and the process of mixing power and management and representative anthropology is fixed. The biological, cultural and religious levels of displaying the anthropological significance discourse of power are identified. The definition is given to the anthropic content of discursive power of speech activities and methods and philosophical reflection of the discursive self-expression of powerful masses. The specificity of the interaction of power and mass discourses of national and universal semantic spaces are defined. In conclusions it is indicated that the anthropic space of the contemporary mass human is narrowing significantly, because the individuals’ participation in technology of society management is finally excluded. On this basis even the key aspect of mass discourse breaks – the mass narrations about the power, because the power performs the direct intervention in the mass discourse structure of sense-creation by the way of suggestion.

38-46

Authors: G. Moskalyk

Purpose. In the article the author analyzes the history of the formation of the concept of "knowledge society", stressed the ambiguity of the category "knowledge". We consider the views of various researchers on topics studied question, their difference and contradiction, analyzed the degree of research scholars of the subject. The author of the article pays attention to the integrity and consistency – logical properties of the educational process. The concept of "resources", "intellectual resources". Proven strategic resources of building a "knowledge society" are creativity and intellectual development. Methodology. The author in the publication examines the concept of intelligence, its nature from the perspective of the intellect of the person. Reviewed and defined the essence of the new paradigm of education – "Education throughout life", and the element of the new educational paradigm is the concept of fundamentalization of education. The scientific novelty. The analysis of the conceptual apparatus, the formation of a new educational paradigm. Conclusions. After consideration of all factors and reasons, the author concludes that the scope for the functioning and deployment of intelligence of the individual is the knowledge society.

55-63

Authors: E. G. Rogova

The purpose of this article is determination and revelation of philosophical and educational axiostrategies of actualization of searching the special place of sense-vital values in the process of axio-sphere forming by growing the personality as a representative of the modern technocratic society which takes place in the process of his education. Methodology. In the study of the philosophic and educational constructs of actualization of the searching the sense-vital values the methods of the systematically, socio-cultural and comparative analysis were used, that allowed to define the axiostrategies of subsequent development of meaning and formative education. Scientific novelty of work consists in the philosophical constructs of development by the meaning-formative education in the conditions of the world values-view pluralism which are considered in the determining context of definition of «axiostrategу» notion and also the deep connections and synthesizing values of «the generalizing high level». They are general for most wide-spread (atheistic and religious) varieties of the existential education in the sense-vital aspect. Conclusions. The axiostrategies of searching of the life sense are formulated and exposed as an independent global personality construction which has powerful motivational nature and not only shows the certain level of philosophical culture, but also the internal change of personality brings it on the new degree of life, which is identical in its sense and ultimate aim with the adoption of own human existence. That is instrument in self-actualization, self-realization of personality in accordance with the individual possibilities, interests, aspirations, and also providing the firmness of personality in Postmodern terms and that is the urgent task of modern education, because the actualization of sense-vital problems is one of the main mission of comprehensive school.

74-85

Authors: V. V. Zinchenko

Purpose. Institutionalism is gaining strength as a dominant point of view on the world. Its philosophical basis is the postulate of the uncertainty of the development, which comes to replace the neoclassical certainty characteristic of industrial society. The postulate of uncertainty is closely connected with the idea of subjectivization and individualization of post-industrial society. All these were very important components of the new paradigm, although they do not exhaust the problem. In the heart of postmodernism is a mass identity as a spiritual substance, while the more recently mass of people to realize themselves as natural and social beings. Person has absolute freedom in the acceptance and rejection of culture and civilization; it is pluralistic in their actions and in their consciousness. It is the subject of history and it should be creative, fluent mastering all the achievements of culture. Methodology. The dialogue system of the Postmodern, which is the basis of human communication with another person, human with society is a model of convergent formation of the world community and world economy. The same model of rationalism and adequate industrial society is a monologue, which is easily builds a bridge to violence, even if it is carried out in the name of the man behind him and the pathos of the exaltation of man as the bearer of unlimited creation possibilities. However, it is very important not just to modify rationalism, and to understand the origins of civilization. Scientific novelty. The postmodern era begins is not easy. Modern defending, using all their reserves: public thirst for justice, the priority of rationality (at least in the economy), monologist public agencies and politicians in contrast to the dialogic postmodern imperative modality in the spiritual existence of man instead the freedom. Finally, the world of the story is set a trap – the anthropological paradigm of the globalization ideology formation. In this paradigm, people see materialistic rational measure of space and society building, i.e. the natural and social being, not a spiritual person. All this was evident in the course of transformation in Ukraine. Its main weakness is obvious. This narrows the field of mass participation in the market or by the adopted symbolism, the field of subjectivity. The population is invited to wait and endure, i.e. plays the role of the object of political and economic manipulation. Even more unacceptable monopolization of subjectivity government, for which everything is regarded as a subject of state regulation. Conclusions. For civilization of cardinal feature is the treatment of the person as the subject of history. The need for the development of civilization to increase the degree of subjectivity in an economy where people can express themselves freely and responsibly through a system of private property relations: economic entity is the subject of property. Policy enhancing the role of human rights and the development of the principle of subjectivity means deepening the democratic foundations of the state structure. In the social sphere the subjectivity is expressed in the individualization of the social existence of man and the personification of public relations and it is implemented through the mechanisms of liberal institutions. It seems that the civilizational unity of the economy, democratic state and liberal society has the value of a scientific paradigm. Whatever the great cultural peaks of the postmodern, the main processes of a new society formed at its foot: in the area of formation of public consciousness and public preferences with the mass participation of the individual in the economy (involving the mass of the individual in social production on the level of financial relations, which allow the maximum extent possible to include in the economy of free choice), in the field of state-building and the formation of social institutions on the principles of Amateur participation.

97-105

Authors: Anatolii Malivskyi

Purpose. Based on the understanding of The New Time philosophy as a response to the challenges of the era in relation to the construction of an objective picture of the world and the self-creation of man, to analyze the main options for evaluating the ambivalence of the basic intention of the philosophy of Descartes in the research literature and to clarify the nature of ambiguity. To justify the dominant nature of anthropological intention in the text of the «Rules for Guiding the Mind in Searching for the Truth». Novelty. The nature of the ambivalence of the basic intention of the text of the "Rules" is clarified as a form of two basic existences, opposite to the New Time, namely the query on the objectivity of scientific knowledge and inquiry in anthropology as a cornerstone of philosophy. The author of the article proves the domination of anthropological component of the text «The Rules» in front of scientific knowledge. Conclusions. The main manifestations of ambivalence of basic directivity of philosophizing of Rene Descartes to construction of an objective picture of the world and self-creation of person were described. The determining influence on the process of the establishment of basic intention of the specificity of the experience of mathematical knowledge and Plato’s and Aristotle’s tradition of philosophizing for the first, and of personal tradition of Christianity in the second place was emphasized. In the reference to the text «The Rules» of Descartes the ambiguity of the basic direction was argued, the nature and domination of the anthropological intention were justified.

113-118

Authors: Ya. S. Demydenko

The purpose of the research is to explore the display of philosophical ideas of Nietzsche on the avangardism art. Methodology. The philosophical provisions, aesthetic, cultural and artistic ideas were used to identify the theoretical and methodological fundamentals. Scientific novelty. The influence of Nietzsche on the avangardism art was analyzed. Nietzsche’s views were relevant and demanded in the artistic culture of XX century, but at the same time, the representatives of the cultural traditions of the XX century, which used his creative ideas of the German philosopher, often referred to them very selectively and not always contextually correct. Conclusions. It was proved that the creative legacy of Nietzsche can be the intellectual base for overcoming the crisis in contemporary art culture and initiate the ascent of man to the new spiritual and artistic heights.

17-27

Authors: Tamara N. Matyukh

In the history of aesthetics the problem of art creativity long time hasn't realized by the greater part of researchers in total of all its structural elements. It formed a rather paradoxical situation, because definition of aesthetics is always a part of it, such as art and – simultaneously – the issue is no science that reveals the essence of the person who creates the art. The purpose of this article is to study empathy as a special manifestation of human sensibility in the process flow of the creative act that reveals the essence of the artist's creative activity, developed sensuality is transformed into a work of art. Methodological and theoretical basis of the study was a combination of systemic, structural-functional and hermeneutic approaches; psychological and philosophical concepts of empathy problems and theoretical analysis of foreign and domestic literature in the field of philosophy, aesthetics, psychology. The scientific novelty of the research results is determined by the subject of study. The problem of art itself is in the field of modern aesthetic science, but in the context of its consideration of empathy reveals new theoretical aspects that deepen the level of processing and correcting the problem. Conclusions. Empathy, being a particular manifestation of human sensibility, is a necessary condition for creativity. After analyzing the nature of human creativity we came to the conclusion that the basis of the embodiment of sensibility of the artist in a work of art is a process of empathy. It is noted that the method of empathy is one of heuristic methods of creative activity, which is based on a process of empathy, i.e. identification of the object and the subject of creativity, "use", and creator inherent in any field of activity and is widely used in solving problems of art.

36-49

Authors: Yurii Y. Semchuk

The Purpose is to analyse problems of individual freedom in mystical currents of Hesychasm and Sufism comprehensively in the territory of Ukraine. It deals with issues of Hesychasm and Sufism origin, mystical practices features and their overflowing borrowing on the way to Truth by God finding. Methodology. With a view to the reconstruction of a holistic world view of the desert in their deification of personal freedom, the author uses methodology of humanitarian analysis (analysis and synthesis, comparison, abstraction, generalization), and the phenomenological method – the study specifics of the mystical way of knowing reality and comparative method − the study and comparison of different types of mystical-religious movements in the synthesis of the history of philosophy, philosophy of religion, psychology, phenomenology and the history of religion. Scientific novelty. Watching the life of the monks Optina Pustyn can trace the genesis hesychast tradition from the time of Paisius Velichkovsky. The influence and the use of spiritual advisors fundamental hesychast texts "Philokalia" in secular name and in the empyreal world alike are researched. It is proved that in the spiritual practices of Hesychasm and Sufism Set the true path to God. The mystics’ efforts in aspiration of perception of the Truth were reconstructed, as in Christian practices of an unexpected irradiation of cognition Omnipresent and in the knowledge of Jehovah in Sufism through «gentle-hearted message» which is opened to receiving spiritual vision and the gift of God without volitional intentions of the observer. Conclusions. The author concludes that despite the existence of schools and practices, personal manifestation of union with God through the freedom of own will devoted in listening of spiritual life – own heart, is dominant in Hesychasm and Sufism mystical currents. The main secret of mystics was not a transfer of theoretical knowledge through the generations, but the apparition of truth through his own aspiration to knowledge, in the unbearable austerity initiation experiences obtained enlightenment, happiness deification, the anguish of love. This barrier was the form of sense that needs to be empathized but it is impossible to learn.

68-76

Authors: Serhei A. Ostrenko

The Purpose is to recover rhizome and barocco as cultural-ontological foundations of innovative process. Methodology is subjective analysis of conceptions ‘rhizome’ and ‘barocco’, thematization their presence in space of innovation carry out with using discoursing approaches’ of phenomenology, comparative, structuralism. Scientific Novelty. Rhizome has been opened as cultural-ontological foundation in its processes, problems, pre-predicative functions, totality, transcendence and principles of connection, diversity, cartography, re-traicng etc. It is showed that barocco with rhizome founds innovative process in some aspects: fold, binary, extension and texture. Conclusions. Rhizome as one of the foundations of innovation shows its non-line, statistic character that determines its creative potential and opens in two directions: from innovation to rhizome and on the contrary. In the first case when we have a deal with innovative characteristics as process, problems, pre-predicative, totality, transcendence. In the second case we have a deal with the principles which can carry out innovative activity: a) connection (unavoidable of freedom of researcher, and it correlates with the principle of epistemological anarchism ‘Anything goes’); b) inhomogeneity (maintenance of multiplicity of innovative decisions that correlates with postpositivistic principle of proliferation); c) multiplicity (attitude on principle refuse from tradition in innovative activity); d) a-signed break (non-line character of innovative processes); e) cartography (constructive character of innovations with possibility of variety of different senses); f) re-tracing (critical attitude to the past and probable results in the future). Barocco consist in specific of innovative activity on contemporary period and has some parameters: fold: innovative activity in conceptual and methodological aspects are carrying out as multiple folds, crossing of different sense fields: b) binary opposition ‘interior – exterior’: innovative activity is a point of crossing and break of spontaneous and determine processes; c) binary opposition ‘up – down’: innovative activity has non-line, topological character; d) extension: in innovative activity priority has process on ending; e) texture as sing of singular character of innovative process; f) paradigm underlines fundamental, whole, universal character of innovation.

88-95

Authors: Olha P. Vlasova, Nataliia P. Kostyuk

The purpose. The objective of this paper is to illustrate how the biological basis of the “natural” male and female characteristics is subjected to doubt in the books of the women-writers - “feminists before feminism” despite the dictatorship of the specific gender norms of the philosophical concepts of that period. These very concepts of the classical philosophy determined ideology, psychology and reasoning of both sexes in the Enlightenment including both public and private spheres. The “picture” of the sociocultural realia of that period is analyzed with the help of the gender which is used here not only as a role or feature but as methodology. The scientific novelty lies in constructing a more complete polyphonical picture of the sociocultural life in the epoch of the Enlightenment in rejecting the “one-sex” interpretation of the philosophy and culture of that period in assuring that there were two subjects in the Enlightenment history and culture-representatives of both sexes. The analysis of philosophical texts and fiction allows to make a conclusion: early feminists were sure that the rational capabilities of men and women do not differ the sexual differences are irrelevant in the problems of intellectual and moral education.

103-110

Authors: Eleonora K. Skyba

The purpose of the article is to analyze the relationship and interaction between gender identity and power relations in society; to study specific features of gender identity’s representation in the contemporary socio – cultural discourse; to examine the role of gender regimes in the process of reproduction of gender inequality. Methodology. For analysing the relationship and mutual influence of gender identity and power relations in society, and studying the mechanism of reproduction of gender inequality is methodologically important to use comparative and concrete – historical methods. Since many researchers noted that the content of gender identity in different historical and cultural contexts is changed, it sounds methodologically reasonable to study this problem on the dialectical position that allowed us to see that the basis of all social institutions is the «problem of ifference» justifying «the problem of domination». Paying attention with the nature of the process, it is extremely important to provide the principle of methodological pluralism. Variability both the substantial contest of elements of identity and their definitions warrants the use of comparative historical method that allows us to analyze the real social and cultural changes. Scientific novelty. The analysis given in the article demonstrates that social institutions have an impact on the formation of gender identity through gender regimes. It is revealed that the transformation of gender inequality is not an inevitable result of biological differences in gender identities. It is proved that biological difference is used to justify the authorities and legitimate the gender inequality. It is established that the biological difference is used to justify social and political inequality of gender identities. The mechanism of continuous reproduction of gender inequality through the work of gender regimes which legitimate the hierarchy of gender identities is described. Conclusions. Understanding how gender inequalities can serve as a starting point for understanding the causes of all kinds of inequalities. Social institutions such as work, education, family, are, in essence, is not neutral, but genderized and serve the reproduction of gender order a certain socio-cultural context as a standard.

124-129

Authors: Elena V. Korableva

The purpose: to define and analyze the limits of freedom and personal fulfillment in the information space in accordance with the change of the vector information and technical characteristics of social development. Methodology of scientific cognitive activity allows you to explore new educational requirements, acquisition of new skills, knowledge and new ways of thinking that can provide adequate person entering into a different social environment to change the parameter; identify behavioral change person's standards and values. Scientific novelty reflected in the correlation of real human freedom posed by the technological capabilities of the time, and the imaginary freedom that can undermine the stability of the information society on a number of basic directions of its development. Conclusions: 1) socialization in the new socio-cultural information space involves the formation of a complex system of person's intellectual and emotional development. It demands ability to interact with a lot of information, ability to define a kind of needed information and self-nalysis of information and communication space and behavior. 2) There is a lot of freedom in media space nowadays. People faced with the problem of increasing the amount of information. То fit into information flow human should change the way he thinks: develop skills in algorithmic approach to information processing, structured analytical thinking. It requires a structured analytical thinking. 3) The open architecture of the Internet space allows creating new areas and communities. It expands the boundaries of existing online communities. The new communicative surroundings are radically transforming traditional communication between people. It is destroying channel information, experience and spiritual values created by men. Absolute informational availability creates an illusion of complete human’s independence from social relations and personal communication, isolates people from each other, deprives of a sense of belonging and creates the position of bystander. 4) So called freedom has created new life strategies and undermines the stability of the information society.

140-150

Authors: Dmytro V. Usov

The purpose is to analyse comprehensively the work of the famous German philosopher K-O. Apel through the light of the urgent needs for a comprehensive study of modern contractualism and the development of new variants of philosophical anthropology. In this context to reveal April’s thesis that the main background for the possibility of understanding between people is the ideal communicative community and its attempts to discourse ethics, new, practical content. Methodology. In order to make a sequential analysis of the basic components and principles of ethical responsibility in K-O. Apel’s view of counteractualism the author uses genealogical, hermeneutic and comparative methods that allow to reconstruct Apel’s philosophy as the ethics of global responsibility and solidarity of communicative interaction under the conditions of global environmental and social crisis and the urgent need of vital combination of social contract idea, fairness and responsibility. Scientific novelty. The purpose of the article is clearly defined and productive methodological principles consistently enabled the author to find out that Apel perceives the source of social agreement in rational desire of each participant to obey voluntarily the relevant rules and procedures. And a true freedom and responsibility are based on the correlation of the rights and duties; respect them, which is more significant for the enforcement of their conventional or forced recognition. It is also investigated the attempt of K.-O. Apel to enable such an agreement and understanding between people, which would take into account the following important human virtues and aspirations, respect, justice and solidarity. And above all they are important as being the social and existential foundations for a new philosophical and anthropological discourse. It is consistently proved that in the context of substantial interest of justification was established the algorithms of universal values of modern philosophical anthropology, which will become the core of Apel’s responsible person. Excluding the ethical component of this or that agreement, the essence of democratic behaviour changes to rational behaviour of the participants and to the law validity of agreements belongs only the effectiveness in achieving the best interests of their members. It was reconstructed the memories of K.-O. Apel and Y. Habermas about the need and methodological importance of significance of epistemological (or methodological) solipsism of modern philosophy and its replacement by the concepts of "understanding", "agreement", "communication" within which even a single person can know and understand the world. Conclusions. An important feature of the latest philosophical theories, which include communication philosophy of K.-O. Apel is their organic belonging to the realm of discussion about the search of moral foundations of modern society where basic ethical guidelines and values must leave and eventually leave the sphere of private life, indicating that real attempts to overcome the fragmentation and dispersion of responsibility of the individual. It was exactly K.-O. Apel who stresses that collective irresponsibility should be replaced by collective responsibility.