Science and Transport Progress

18-26

Authors: M. M. Biliaiev, M. O. Oladipo

Purpose. The article is aimed to develop 3D numerical model for the prediction of atmospheric pollution during transportation of bulk cargo in the railway car. Methodology.To solve this problem, it was developed three-dimensional numerical model, based on the use of the transport equation of dust pollution in the air by the wind and atmospheric turbulent diffusion. For the numerical integration of the simulating equation of the dust transport the implicit difference scheme was used. When constructing a difference scheme, it was carried out prior splitting of the original transport equation into the sequence of solutions of three equations. The first of them takes into account the transport of dust in paths, the second equation – dust transport under the influence of atmospheric turbulent diffusion, and the third equation –change of the dust concentration in the air due to its emissions from the cars.Unknown value of the pollutant concentration at every step of splitting is determined by the explicit scheme – the method of running account, which provides a simple numerical implementation of splitting equations. The developed numerical model is the basis for specialized computer program. On the basis of the constructed numerical model we carried out a computational experiment to assess the level of air pollution at the railway station during the motion of train with coal. Findings. Authors developed 3D numerical model, which belongs to the class of «screening models». This model takes into account the main physical factors affecting the process of dispersion of dust pollution in the atmosphere during coal transportation. The proposed numerical model requires low cost of computer time in the practical implementation on small and medium-power computers. This model can be used for rapid calculations of the dynamics of air pollution when transporting coal by rail. Calculations to determine the pollutant concentration and formation of the contamination zone at Enugu station were performed. The results of physical experiment, allow us to recommend the use of additional specially shaped boards to minimize the removal of coal dust from gondola cars. Originality.It was created3D numerical model that makes it possible to take into account significant physical factors that influence the process of dust dispersion in the atmosphere. The model allows calculating the formation of pollution zones during transportation of coal by rail. Practical value. The effective numerical model of the class «screening models» for rapid calculation of the level of air pollution from coal transport by rail was considered. The model can be applied in the development of environmental protection measures in the operation of rail transport. The proposed model allows you to quickly calculate the 3D transfer of dust in the air.

34-50

Authors: R. Pittman

Purpose. This article examines options available for Ukraine as the country considers proposals to reform and restructure Ukrzaliznytsia. Methodology. The basic restructuring options observed internationally are presented, and the literature concerning their impacts and effectiveness is reviewed. Findings. The creation of competition among freight train companies has been found to improve system performance, but the EU policy prescription of complete vertical separation may not be required in order to achieve this. The Americas-style policy of horizontal separation has also been found to improve system performance, and may be more appropriate for a country as large as Ukraine and a railway as dependent on freight operations as Ukrzaliznytsia. Originality. Most of the literature on railways restructuring focuses on vertical separation or third party access, while the focus here is on a policy option arguably more appropriate to Ukraine. Practical value. Ukraine’s economy is dependent on the efficient shipment of bulk commodities such as coal, iron ore, steel, and grains – commodities that travel most economically over long distances by rail. The successful reform and restructuring of Ukrzaliznytsia will be a crucial part of Ukrainian economic reforms going forward.

63-69

Authors: I. V. Trifonov, I. A. Korkhina

Purpose. The scientific paper is aimed: 1) to analyze the existing decision-making methods; 2) to characterize each type of the methods that have practical application in the project management theory; 3) to divide the presented methods into the sense groups; 4) to determine which of these groups should be used for decision-making in project management in three cases: a) when the object is a project; b) when the object is a program; c) when the object is a project portfolio. Methodology. It was carried out a comparative analysis of the existing decision-making methods, as well as it was studied the possibility of their use for different controlled objects of project manager. Findings. As a result of the analysis all of the methods have been divided into two categories: formal and logical-intuitive (informal) ones. It was determined which methods are equally appropriate to apply for all controlled objects of project manager, and which methods will not be effective for a particular object. The analysis showed that some of the decision-making methods are not suitable for use in the management of the certain object. It is concluded that they should be improved and adapted to the specific object of management. Originality. Solution of the problem of decision-making in project management was further developed, as well as it was analyzed the application of different decision-making methods for three controlled objects: project, program and portfolio. Practical value. Decision-making in project management has a direct influence on the result, which is expected to receive. The quality of decisions, in turn, depends on the correct method chosen in the given circumstances. The recommended improvement of certain methods will allow the project manager to make better and more efficient solution.

79-87

Authors: L. A. Muradian, D. O. Podosonov

Purpose. The scientific work is aimed to: 1) analyze the technical condition of freight cars and technological methods used in the repair; 2) identify possible ways to improve resource of freight car bogies; 3) develop a mathematical model to describe the wear geometry of the original surface of bogie center pad at the corresponding life cycle of a freight car. Methodology. In order to solve the problem complex of increasing TBO of freight car bogies the methods for the synthesis, analysis and systematic approach were used. In addition, the use of mathematical modeling unit, solid state physics, the theory of friction and wear of solids. Findings. The analysis of the technical condition of freight cars has shown that up to 15% of the faults falls on the bogies. A separate element of the repaired bogie is a bolster. At this the center pad is recovered most often. The center pad wear is uneven and the technological methods used for the repair, do not allow providing uniform wear due to which there is a need in premature repairs. One of the ways to improve the center pad resource during repair is the application of welding or sputtering deposition, but with providing discrete strength and durability in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the car axis, respectively. In order to establish the boundaries of the distribution of renewable material along the center pad diameter it was considered the fatigue wear process in cooperation with center plate and described the geometry of the surface of the center pad wear. Originality. Technical condition of freight car bogies according to wear criterion was analyzed in the paper. It is shown that the dynamics of bogie faults has a positive character. In addition, a significant place among the repaired parts takes the bolster, and a special loaded place is the center pad. To describe the geometry of wear for the first time a mathematical model for determining the initial surface of the center pad in the relevant life cycle of freight car bogie was proposed. Practical value. The results allow us to establish the geometry of the wear surface bolster center pad when interacting with center plate of freight car from a position of occurrence of fatigue wear, that is, on the strength criterion.

96-105

Authors: H. K. Hetman, S. L. Marikutsa

Purpose.The railways of Ukraine have been operated the locomotives, which are both morally and physically obsolete. Therefore, to ensure the competitiveness of rail transport it is necessary to update the locomotive fleet, and first of all the fleet of electric locomotives, because electrified railways provide the greater part of passenger and freight traffic. In this connection it is of special importance to determine the optimum parameters of the nominal mode of electric rolling stock. The purpose of the work is to examine the features of solution of these problems with respect to electric locomotives. Methodology. Assuming that the limit values of traction force are determined by the conditions of wheel-rail grip, then the power of the nominal mode can be represented as the product of rated speed, estimated friction coefficient, train weight and the coefficients that represent the ratio of the estimated (starting) value of traction force to value of traction force the nominal mode and the ratio of the mass of the locomotive to the train weight. Since the mass of the train is not a constant value, there is always a surplus power of the locomotive fleet required for the mastering of a predetermined volume of transportations. Reduced overcapacity of the locomotive fleet can be achieved by introduction of the locomotives of different power, designed for driving trains of different weight that will result in increased completeness of the power use but also in difficulty in selecting of locomotives for trains in operation. The paper shows the method of calculating the optimum values of power, speed and traction force of the nominal mode. It presents the mathematical model of the relationship of traction rate, excessive capacity and power of the traction unit. Findings.It is proved that the power of the traction unit, the total fleet power requirement and the excess of power in absolute units are proportional to the speed of the nominal mode. To reduce the total power of the fleet when selecting the optimum power of the traction unit it is necessary to take into consideration the speed of the nominal mode, defined by the condition of minimization of power consumption for traction, i.e. the smallest value that enables the implementation of the given running speed and the powerredundancy level required for operation. Originality. It consists in the development of a unified algorithm for determining the optimal parameter values of the nominal mode of passenger, freight and freight-passenger electric locomotives. Practical value. The authors determined the minimization costs during production, acquisition and maintenance of electric locomotives, whose nominal mode parameters are designed according to the above procedure.

117-130

Authors: M. B. Kurhan, D. M. Kurhan

Purpose. Forecasting of passenger traffic flows in the future is an essential and integral part of the complex process of designing of high-speed network (HSN). HSN direction and its parameters are determined by the volume of passenger traffic, the estimated value of which depends on the economic performance of the country, as well as the material status of citizens living in HSN concentration area, transport mobility of population, development of competing modes of transport and so on. The purpose of this work is to analyse the existing methods of passenger traffic forecasting, to evaluate errors of the existing models concerning determination of traffic volumes and to specify the scientific approach to the development of high-speed rail transport in Ukraine. Methodology. The existing forecasting methods are reduced to the following ones: Delphi approach, extrapolation method, factor and correlation analysis, simulation method. The method described in this paper is based on scientific approaches such as analysis – a comprehensive and detailed study of various aspects of the known forecasting methods, comparing of existing methods for establishing differences and similarities, as well as deduction – use of general knowledge to get the new particular one. Thus, the unified indicators determined for the country as a whole, such as gross domestic product, national income, total population and others cannot be used to forecast the traffic flow on specific areas of HSN construction. Therefore, it is necessary to move from the overall forecast to traffic volume forecast on particular direction. Findings. The conclusions are derived from the analysis of different approaches and methods of passenger flow forecasting. It is proposed to create typical techniques of traffic flow forecasting using modern mathematical methods that would allow avoiding unreasonable decisions and shortening project development time. The resulting recommendations will help in the efficiency of design decisions, as well as will determine the quality of the project in whole and the feasibility of its implementation in particular. Originality. The scientific approaches to forecasting the passenger traffic volume in HSN agglomeration area were further developed. The HSN feasibility study criteria system was updated; this system takes into account passenger transit flows through Ukraine, the population of the cities covered by the high-speed network, mobility of population and other factors. Practical value. The data obtained by authors can be used to justify the concept of high-speed rail transport development in Ukraine, to create a high-speed network and to phase HSN construction.

143-155

Authors: V. M. Bohomaz, M. V. Borenko, I. V. Nechay, O. P. Severyn

Purpose.One of the main elements of band conveyors is a drive. To analyze the effect of design parameters on the drive power it is necessary to carry out the calculations according to standard procedures outlined in the current technical literature. The main design parameters of the band conveyor are: the type of cargo, project performance, the geometric dimensions of sections and track configuration as a whole. The feature of band conveyor calculation as compared to the elevators is the dependence of the band width on its performance, the inclination angle and the type of cargo. In the article for the account of this fact during calculations it is necessary to construct the dependence of the band width on the generalized parameter, which takes into account change in the design parameters. To determine the general pattern of changing the value of band conveyor drive power when varying its design parameters in the article it is necessary to construct the corresponding graphic dependences taking into account the standard sizes and bands parameters. Methodology. We consider the band conveyor with two sections: the inclined and horizontal one. It is conducted a detailed analysis of dependence of the conveyor band width and its drive power on the type of cargo, project performance, geometric dimensions and configuration of the conveyor track, using the appropriate parameter dependences constructed by the authors in previous papers. Findings. For band conveyors of this type there were constructed the graphics dependences of the band width on the parameter characterizing the project performance and the inclination angle of the track section, and on the performance at a fixed angle of inclination. Taking into account the changes in the band width with an increase in the value of project performance the graph dependences of drive power on the productivity and the inclination angle of the inclined section were built. Originality. For the first time there were built the general dependences of the conveyor band width and the drive power with two sections (inclined and horizontal) on the design parameters and there were presented the corresponding graphs. Practical value. Use of the built graphic dependences of drive power of band conveyors with the inclined and horizontal sections on the design parameters makes it possible to quickly determine the approximate value of drive power at the design stage, and to determine the general change nature of its value while varying the design parameters.

167-182

Authors: A. O. Lovska

Purpose. The article is aimed to improve supporting structures of the platform car to increase the efficiency of container transportations. Methodology. In order to achieve the objective, the strength investigations of the universal platform car of the model 13-401 were conducted, strength reserves of the supporting elements were defined, and more optimal profiles of basic longitudinal beams of the frame in terms of the minimum material capacity were proposed. Decision correctness was confirmed by the strength calculation of the platform car supporting structure at basic loading operational modes and fatigue taking into account the research database of 107 cycles. It has been proposed to equip a platform car with swing fitting stops for fastening containers on the frame, which allows transportation of 20ft and 40ft containers. In order to improve container transportation efficiency along international transport corridors running through Ukraine, a platform car of articulated type has been designed on the base of the improved platform car structure. The mathematical simulation of dynamic loads of the platform car with containers (two 1CC containers) at operational loading modes has been carried out, the maximum accelerations influencing the support structure have been defined, and their multiple values have been considered in computer simulation of the strength of the platform car of articulated type. Findings. The support structure of the platform car of articulated type on the basis of the standard platform car has been developed. Refined values of dynamic loads influencing supporting structure the platform car of articulated type with containers at operational loading modes have been obtained; the maximum equivalent stresses in the platform car support structure have been defined. Originality and practical value. A mathematical model of displacements for a platform car of articulated type with containers at operational loading modes of supporting structure has been proposed. The strength model of the supporting structure for the platform car of articulated type based on the standard platform car has been developed. Results of the research can be used in designing of platform cars of articulated type to provide their strength at mixed transportations.