Science and Transport Progress

8-15

Authors: M. M. Biliaiev, A. A. Karpo, Z. M. Yakubovska

Purpose. The article is aimed: 1) to develop the coal coating solution in open railway cars or to cover coal piles to minimize the coal dust losses; 2) creating a mathematical model of the process of the solution feeding to the surface of coal. Methodology. To solve this problem, it was developed a special solution containing cheap industrial wastes and semiproducts of chemical industries. It was conducted a physical experiment to assess the intensity of coal dust loss when using the developed solution. A mathematical model based on the use of the motion equations of the ideal fluid and mass transfer was developed. The developed numerical models are the basis of the application program package created for assessing the quality of processing the coal surface by special solution. Findings. The results of the conducted physical experiment to assess the magnitude of the coal dust loss on the model of the coal pile in the processing of its surface with a special solution and without processing are presented in the article. It is shown that the application of the proposed solution for surface processing of coal can significantly reduce the coal dust loss. This makes it possible to reduce the amount of economic losses and reduce the level of air dust pollution in work areas. The results of computational experiments carried out on the basis of the constructed numerical models are presented in the article. Originality. Authors proposed a new solution for the coal surface processing in order to minimize the removal of pulverized coal from the coal pile, which substantially reduces the coal losses. There were created numerical models to take into account the relevant factors influencing the solution dispersion process in the atmosphere from coal processing in gondola cars. Practical value. Solution, proposed in the article has a low price, because it can be created on the basis of industrial production wastes. Application of this solution can significantly reduce the intensity of coal dust losses from the surface of the coal pile. There were considered effective numerical models «diagnostic models» for rapid calculation of cargo processing in gondola cars with the solution. The models may be used in developing strategies of solution feeding to the cargo surface at various atmospheric conditions. The constructed numerical models can be used for scientific substantiation of the parameters of cargo processing with various forms of its surfaces in the gondola car.

25-35

Authors: B. Farkas

Purpose. The purpose of the research is to support with results and present one of the most powerful (German) railways’ relationships with the economy and its network coverage. To prove that the railway has a strategic significance within the connection of economic regions. Methodology. We select the country with the highest capacity from the EU countries, then in respect of the given country we present its homogeneity and connections. We look for those points in the given country, where the greatest quantities of goods are placed on rail. Then we compare this with the country’s GDP map and look for a relationship between the rail network and the country’s GDP. Findings. The railway creates the country’s ideal economic centre of gravity. It is clear that the country can be divided into two major regions, the northern and the southern part. Originality. The railway system has been studied rarely from an economic point of view, with GDP correlations. The method can serve as a useful research base to the economic analysis of any area, where we are interested in the importance of railways. Practical value. In case of any economic or geographical area, the importance of the railway can be determined, and it can be shown that how important role the railway can play in an economic region.

46-55

Authors: H. I. Kyrychenko

Purpose. The paper is aimed to analyze the functioning of the existing railway informational system, as the data storage, consideration of the ways to changeover to intelligent management system, including the application of semantic approach. It is necessary to change the paradigm of automated traffic management; this determines changing the paradigm in railway operation management. The development and introduction of new Business-Intelligence-type system requires the formalized knowledge on railway transportation process to be implemented, including in the form of ontology as the model and means to formalize the knowledge. New knowledge requires using the terms and concepts to describe the new processes and management objects in railway operations. Methodology. Formalizing the knowledge one should abstract away from classical definitions such as marshaling or freight station, train station, division station, dead-end station, railway junction, railway hub etc. Unified Modeling Languages for engineering the automated systems use the definitions: the objects’ categories, the class diagrams, statechart diagrams, sequence diagrams, activity diagrams, component diagrams, link diagrams in properties etc. These concepts enable formalizing the knowledge, bringing to homogeneous representing and using them for modeling the management processes of goods delivery. Findings. The data on timing the events of goods delivery process, breakings of schedule are taken into account in set-theoretical model on scripting scenarios for goods delivery process. One of the concepts in the model on breaking of schedule (from the knowledge base of the system ASK VPUZ-E enables to take into account the influence of possible factors and the real railway operations conditions. Originality. The ways to formalize knowledge on railway transportation process as the major premise to form intelligent informational software for management system were analyzed. The set-theoretical models on goods delivery management for scripting goods delivery process’ scenarios have been developed in the paper, the examples of using the means of object-oriented modeling to construct algorithm for technological processes have been given as well. Practical value. The author suggests new terms, definitions and concepts describing the logistic business processes and enabling to changeover to formalizing the knowledge and to forming the conditions of intelligent management system of goods delivery on railways.

71-80

Authors: R. H. Korobiova

Purpose. The paper focuses on a study of the US railway transport organization management during passenger transportation. Methodology. Studies were carried out on the basis of the analysis of literature sources and reporting data on passenger transportation in the USA. Findings. Negative trends in the work of the passenger complex of the Ukrainian railways are the slowdown in the volumes of transportation, the progressive aging of the rolling stock and the overall activity running at a loss for Ukrzaliznytsia. In this regard, the actual task for domestic rail transport is the implementation of industry reforms. Therefore, the paper presented the study of the experience of organizing the passenger transportation on US railways, whose peculiarity is the extremely high degree of competition between modes of transport. As a result of the conducted analysis for working conditions of the US and Ukrainian railways, the general conditions for the functioning of the railways in both countries connected with passenger transportation securing have been established. It was found that general condition for execution of railway passenger transportation for the United States and Ukraine is the subsidization of this activity and combined use of infrastructure for the freight and passengers’ transportations. In this connection, when developing approaches to reforming the passenger economy of Ukraine's railways, it is advisable to use the experience of the United States in assessing the social effectiveness of rail transport, the impact of passenger transportation on the conditions of freight trains handling, and combined use of railway infrastructure by freight and passenger companies. Originality. The author determined the general trends in the development of passenger railway transportation in the US and Ukraine. Practical value. The resulted methods of organizing the operation of the US railway passenger transportation complex can be adapted to solve problems in the development of passenger transportation on the Ukrainian railways.

92-100

Authors: V. D. Borisenko, S. A. Ustenko

Purpose. Further development of the method of geometric modelling of transition curves, which are placed between rectilinear and circular sections of railway tracks and are created in localities, the relief of which causes certain restrictions on the size of the transition curves of the railway track. Methodology. The equation of the transition curve is taken in parametric form, in which the length of the arc of the modelled curve is used as a parameter. As initial data in the modelling of the transition curve, the coordinates of its initial point and the angle of inclination in it are tangent, the radius of the circumference of the circular section and the parameter that is used as a constraint when placing a section of the railway track. The transition curve is modelled under the condition that the distribution of its curvature from the length of the arc - the natural parameter - is described by a cubic dependence. This dependence contains four unknown coefficients; the unknown is also the length of the arc. The coefficients of the cubic dependence and the length of the arc of the transition curve, the coordinates of its end point, the angle of inclination in it of the tangent are determined during the simulation of the transition curve. The application of boundary conditions and methods of differential geometry with respect to the distribution of the slope angle of the tangent to the simulated curve from the initial to the end points of the transition curve and the calculation of the coordinates of the end point of the curve allows us to reduce the problem of modelling the transition curve to determine the arc length of this curve. Directly the length of the transition curve is in the process of minimizing the deviation of the circumference of the circular path from its current value obtained when searching for the arc length. Findings. As a result of the computational experiment, the possibility of modelling a transition curve between a rectilinear and circular rail track in a region of a limited size has been proved. Originality. A method for geometric modelling of transition curves between a rectilinear and circular section of a railway track is developed in conditions of limited terrain size, on which rails are laid. The transition curve is represented in the natural parameterization, using the cubic dependence of the curvature distribution on the length of its arc. Practical value. The proposed method of modelling the transition curves in conditions of limited terrain size allows obtaining these curves with a high accuracy in a wide range of geometric parameters of rectilinear and circular sections of the railway track and a parameter that acts as a constraint in the modelling of the transition curve. The method can be recommended in the practice of building railways.

110-119

Authors: V. G. Sherstjuk, I. V. Sokol, E. N. Tarasenko

Purpose. The article is devoted to developing the method of intelligent coordination control of a complex heterogeneous ensemble of dynamic objects. Methodology. The method of solving this problem is based on the case-scenario approach presenting the activity of dynamic objects as templates that adapt to changing external conditions by using scenarios. The algorithm of satisfaction of critical time constraints was used to adapt scenarios. The proposed method can adequately reflect the experience and knowledge of control of a dynamic objects’ group using similar decision stereotypes to control in similar situations. The main elements of case decisions such as control actions, operations, scenarios, and plans were described. Findings. The hybrid control system was implemented. The lower level of the system was developed based on the hybrid system BRIZ, which combining the subsystem based on cases with the subsystem that implements the movement model and so is master, while case subsystem is slave. The middle and top levels of the system were developed as the event-based hybrid system MUSSON, which includes case-scenario subsystem, storage subsystem and subsystem that calculating spatial regions based on the model. Scripts and triggers for each class of events were described by scripting language SCDL. Originality. The three-tier coordination control system for ensembles of dynamic objects based on case-scenario approach was proposed for the first time. The lower level is dedicated to control of separate dynamic objects, the second level is aimed to coordination of objects that jointly move, and the upper level provide the mission of the whole ensemble of dynamic objects. Practical value. The proposed approach is insensitive to inaccuracies and incomplete observations. It can reduce the information overload in the situation analysis, as well as decision-making time, thus increasing the efficiency of coordination of ensembles of dynamic objects during their mission’s execution process. Important conditions for the implementation of scenario-case method are to ensure sufficient competence that allows to find appropriate case and choose an adequate set of scenarios in time, and to synchronize each dynamic object’s case base in time and content.

131-139

Authors: V. I. Dyrda, Y. N. Ovcharenko, S. V. Raksha, A. A. Chernii

Purpose. Subject to the smooth and efficient operation of each production line, is the use of vehicles transporting high specification. It worked well in practice for transporting construction machines, which are used during the vibration. The use of vibration machines requires optimization of their operation modes. In the form of elastic link in them are increasingly using rubber-metallic elements, which are characterized by nonlinear damping properties. So it is necessary to search for new, more modern, methods of calculation of dynamic characteristics of the vibration machines on the properties of rubber as a cushioning material. Methodology. The dynamics of vibration machine that is as elastic rubber block units and buffer shock absorbers limiting the amplitude of the vibrations of the working body. The method of determining amplitude-frequency characteristics of the vibrating feeder is based on the principle of Voltaire, who in the calculations of the damping properties of the dampers will allow for elastic-hereditary properties of rubber. When adjusting the basic dynamic stiffness of the elastic ties and vibratory buffers, using the principle of heredity rubber properties, determine the dependence of the amplitude of the working body of the machine vibrations. This method is called integro-operator using the fractional-exponential kernels of relaxation. Findings. Using the derived formula for determining the amplitude of the resonance curve is constructed one-mass nonlinear system. It is established that the use of the proposed method of calculation will provide a sufficiently complete description of the damping parameters of rubber-metallic elements and at the same time be an effective means of calculating the amplitude-frequency characteristics of nonlinear vibration systems. Originality. The authors improved method of determining damping characteristics of rubber-metallic elements and the amplitude-frequency characteristics of nonlinear oscillatory systems by introducing the calculation algorithm of dependency, taking account of elastic-hereditary properties of rubber. Practical value. The use of integro-operator method with the use of fractional-exponential kernels of relaxation, thereby increasing the accuracy of the calculations of the damping parameters of rubber goods and the amplitude-frequency characteristics of nonlinear oscillatory systems and provide an opportunity to further optimize operation modes of vibratory equipment. Made with regard to the principle of heredity properties of rubber, rubber-elastic suspension units for vibratory feeder exclude the probability limit line speed in the low durability of suspension parts feeder.

148-155

Authors: S. S. Tyshchenko, A. V. Krasniuk, T. V. Ulchenko, A. S. Shcherbak

Purpose. The paper focuses on ensuring the rational choice of parameters of the mating surfaces of parts when designing process equipment based on the methods of artificial intelligence. Methodology. The paper considers the geometric model of a ruled developed surface, the conditions of existence of such a surface and provides a generalized algorithm for surface plotting regardless of the type of the working element or the machine-building product. One of the most common technical surfaces are the ruled ones, among which a special position is occupied by developed surfaces (thanks to their differential-parametric properties): surface tangent plane is n contact along the rectilinear generator and does not change its position in space when changing the point of contact; surfaces can be produced by bending sheet metal. These provisions enable a product manufacturer to save significant material and energy means, therefore, the development of geometric models of such surfaces is an important task. Findings. We analyzed the geometrical model of the developed surface which is incident to two guides. Experimental studies have shown the applicationprospectivity of semi-digger moldboards on moldboard plows, particularly on the double-deck ones. Taking into account the operating speed of the plow 2.8 m/s, the plant residues plowing percentage for plow with semi-digger moldboards is 98.9%, and with the digger ones – 96.1%. Originality. According to results: 1) the approaches to solving the problem of recognition of wear conditions of the tested interface, depicted by its conceptual model, were elaborated; 2) the corresponding algorithms of the computational procedures were built; 3) the mathematical model that determines the effect of the parameters of the contacting surfaces on their performance properties – linear wear rate during the normal wear and tear was developed; 4) for this model the theoretical prerequisite of use for the random mating study were designated. Practical value. Currently, these areas produced significant results which are in line with modern requirements of construction engineering. The process of parametric model optimization generates a plurality of desired values of the surface parameters. There are formed the algorithms for automatic recognition of design features and operation of interfaces by their images, which are set by a structured set of formal signs. The recognition result is the interface designation to a particular group, each of which corresponds to an individual computational model of quality parameters normalization.

166-173

Authors: L. V. Trykoz, V. U. Savchuk

Purpose. More often the qualified building materials are replaced by the industrial wastes for environmental improvement. This refers to both metallurgical slags and biological solids of water treatment plants. In order to understand the possibilities of their usage it needs studying deformation properties of composite soil materials with industrial wastes addition. Methodology. The soil of real buildings and structures foundation is in the complicated conditions and the stress-strained state. While studying this state the total deformation modulus Е0 is used as the deformation characteristic. This one is determined according to the results of sample soil testing in the compression instrument (odometer). This instrument prevents the possibility of lateral expansion of sample soil under the vertical load. Findings. As a result of the testing the compression curves are plotted as the dependence of the porosity coefficient on pressure. These data allow determining the compressibility coefficient and the strain modulus. It is found that a biological solids addition increases the compressibility coefficient four times compared to the clay. The two types of samples are compared. The first type contains 50% of biological solids. The second type contains 50% of biological solids and 50% of slag. The comparison shows that the second type is compressed twelve times less. An addition into the clay of biological solids increases the strain modulus from 7.8 to 20.3 MPa. The slag increases the strain modulus to 52.7 MPa. Originality. While making the composition based clay materials the functional groups of biological solids interact with hydroxyl groups which are placed on the surface of clay particles and form a spatial structure. Besides an addition of biological solids contributes to peptization, soil aggregates destroy themselves, and form contacts between separate particles. It causes the decrease of soil compressibility due to the total porosity decrease. An addition of slag results in formation of optimal structure where particles of less sizes are placed in layers between bigger particles. Practical value. An application of biological solids and slag provides the increased load-carrying capacity of soil, extending of raw material sources while improving the environmental situation in the cities. Also it provides the recycling of reinforced soil.