Science and Transport Progress

13-21

Authors: Gintautas Bureika, Lionginas Liudvinavichius

Цель . большая проблема, стоящая экспертов по безопасности железнодорожных перевозок аварийность на переездах железных дорог уровня. Цель состоит в изучении обстоятельств, которые влияют на безопасность дорожного движения на железнодорожных переездах, и предложить эффективные инструменты для экспертов по повышению безопасности проблемы этих опасных пространств железнодорожной инфраструктуры. Методология. Эта статья отмечает логистическую регрессию в качестве метода оценить уровень аварийности на железнодорожных переездах в Литве. Авторы изучили и оценили основные факторы, влияющие на безопасность железнодорожных переездов. Эти факторы являются интенсивность движения поездов и автомобильного транспорта означает, через контрольно-пропускной железнодорожный уровня, видимость приближающегося поезда с обеих сторон движения, максимально допустимая скорость движения поездов, количество дорожек (один трек, дважды трек, и Multi-трек), уровень установленной сигнализации и автоматического оборудования, плотность населения в этой области, и т.д. Наконец, только факторы, которые могут быть описаны с помощью математических выражений (чисел), были определены. Выводы. При использовании логистической регрессии Способ, было обнаружено, что наиболее определяющими факторами на переездах являются максимальная скорость поезда, плохой видимости перехода (менее 1000 м), интенсивность дорожного движения на железнодорожных и нецелесообразно осуществление дорог, пересекающих рельсов. На основании результатов исследования, выводы и рекомендации были сформулированы какие первичные меры по предотвращению несчастных случаев на железнодорожном переезде и на то, что переезд должен быть взят в срочном порядке. оригинальности. Показали тенденции и основные причины аварий на железнодорожных переездах Литве 2004-2011 года , Необходимость внедрения прогрессивных технических мер по предотвращению несчастных случаев на пересечении железной дороги уровня доказана. практическое значение. Около 50% населения Литвы железнодорожных переездов не соответствуют требованиям законодательства переездов. Этот параметр является одним из ключевых факторов риска для безопасности дорожного движения на железнодорожных переездах. Для того, чтобы исключить влияние на аварии из-за плохой видимости движущегося поезда, он предложил использовать "лежачих полицейских". Вопрос о ликвидации одного пересечения уровней становится все более и более важное значение в связи с увеличением объема движения на автомобильных и железных дорог, растет скорость движения поездов и осуществление важных крупномасштабных дорожных и железнодорожных проектов.

30-38

Authors: K. V. Goncharov

Purpose. Automatic locomotive signaling of continuous type with a numeric coding (ALSN) has several disadvantages: a small number of signal indications, low noise stability, high inertia and low functional flexibility. Search for new and more advanced methods of signal processing for automatic locomotive signaling, synthesis of the noise proof digital locomotive receiver are essential. Methodology. The proposed algorithm of detection and identification locomotive signaling codes is based on the definition of mutual correlations of received oscillation and reference signals. For selecting threshold levels of decision element the following criterion has been formulated: the locomotive receiver should maximum set the correct solution for a given probability of dangerous errors. Findings. It has been found that the random nature of the ALSN signal amplitude does not affect the detection algorithm. However, the distribution law and numeric characteristics of signal amplitude affect the probability of errors, and should be considered when selecting a threshold levels According to obtained algorithm of detection and identification ALSN signals the digital locomotive receiver has been synthesized. It contains band pass filter, peak limiter, normalizing amplifier with automatic gain control circuit, analog to digital converter and digital signal processor. Originality. The ALSN system is improved by the way of the transfer of technical means to modern microelectronic element base, more perfect methods of detection and identification codes of locomotive signaling are applied. Practical value. Use of digital technology in the construction of the locomotive receiver ALSN will expand its functionality, will increase the noise immunity and operation stability of the locomotive signal system in conditions of various destabilizing factors.

51-55

Authors: L. M. Cherniak

Purpose. Nowadays constant expansion of transport sector is observed. As a result, the level of environment pollution with harmful hydrocarbon transport emissions is constantly increased. This has caused the increasing of European requirements both to used fuel quality and the standards of fuel emissions into the atmosphere. The basic sources of hazardous emissions are: emissions of hydrocarbon vapors fuels during transportation, storage, implementation of different technological operations, as well as products of fuel combustion. The level of vehicle environmental safety depends on quality of used fuel. Taking into account given circumstances the purpose of the article is the study of correlation between losses of motor gasoline from evaporation and possible negative changes of their physical and chemical, operating and environmental properties. Methodology. Standard methods of control of gasoline quality and monographic method. Findings. The interaction between losses from evaporation and standard of fuel is considered in the article. The results of research of physical and chemical and operating properties changes of motor benzine conditioned by evaporation are presented. The analysis has showed the dependence of motor benzine standard on quantitative losses from evaporation. Originality. Solving of important ecologic and energetic problem by preventing the losses of gasoline from evaporation. Practical value. The petroleum sector plants should be equipped with modern facilities for prevention of motor gasoline evaporation losses in order to minimize negative influence on the environment, as a result of both harmful hydrocarbon vapors emissions of gasoline (during storage, transportation and implementation of technological operations) and fuel use, which have undergone the negative changes of quality in consequence of evaporation.

63-81

Authors: L. V. Martsenyuk

Purpose. To evaluate the possibility of the foreign countries experience in the reforming of railway transport of Ukraine. Methodology. On the basis of comparative analysis the suitability of foreign experience of infrastructure branches reformation, dividing the range of problems to the questions of ideological and methodological character, and of course, taking into account the peculiarities of the situation in Ukraine is estimated. As for the first range of problems, it is, first of all, the choice of the form of ownership. Findings. Experience shows that both types of property have not only the beneficial but also the negative impacts. On the one hand, it is the state railways have the conditions for development and implementation of the new technologies such as high-speed trains, construction of which, as well as construction of specialized lines would be impossible without appropriate research base, and without public funding. On the other – private companies. operating on a concession basis, usually provide a higher level of services at affordable rates. Originality. It can be concluded that there is no direct correlation between the ownership form of railroads and economic or qualitative characteristics of their work. The necessity of various forms of technical and economic relationships, the existence of separate railways at the regional and local levels, which offers a great opportunity to overcome the monotony of operation, in the development of railways towards greater differentiation of service levels is proved. This however does not mean that the only alternative is to sell concessions to private enterprises, especially if the transfer of ownership is not supplemented by commitments to support public transport at a certain level. Practical value. Examples of positive governance are opposed to the equal examples of private management and vice versa. Deep analysis of reforming experience of world leading railways will prevent from mistakes during "UZ" reforming.

103-112

Authors: V. I. Bobrovskiy, A. S. Dorosh

Purpose. The purpose is the improvement of the method of choosing the retarding regimes of cut rolling within the particular group in order to increase the quality of interval speed control of cuts at the automated hump. Methodology. Simulation method was used for research the trains’ breaking up process at the hump. Findings. The separation conditions of cuts within the particular group and their relation between the retarding regimes of cut control based on a system approach were studied. Interval between cuts within the particular group at the switches and retarders were considered simultaneously. The features of interval controlling at the classification humps with different mutual alignment of the first switch and master retarder were stressed. Originality. The researches found out that during optimization of the retarding regimes of cuts within the particular group one should provide the best conditions of cuts separation at the switches and retarders. Practical value. The problem of choosing the retarding regimes of cuts within the particular group is optimized formally. This retarding regime allows maximizing the minimum value of interval between cuts within the group.

119-125

Authors: T. M. Mishchenko

Purpose. To define the characteristics of numerical calculations of mathematical model with one or more cyclic current voltage characteristics (CVC). This is an urgent problem, since any electric traction system device and electrified track in general, like non-linear passive or active two-terminal network in the present operating mode is described by current-voltage characteristic (CVC), which is based on the given input voltage and input current. Me-thodology. The electromagnetic process calculation in the power circuits of traction electric energy supply is the probabilistic task with solving nonlinear stochastic differential equations requiring for the development of special methods. Given the calculation difficulty, it is reasonable to perform them either by real CVC graph bypass or initially by applying its equivalent replacement with, for example, an ellipse. Findings. Numerical calculations of the mathematical model with one or more cyclic CVC can be performed by “real” CVC bypass or by "idealization" i. e. approximate replacement of real cyclic CVC. Originality. This paper presents the dynamic CVC of the DS3 and 2ES5K electric locomotives at different currents of electric locomotives. Practical value. Cyclic CVC normally and definitely can be applied in the system of electromagnetic state equations while transient state calculating in the traction system. Therefore while calculating the experimentally obtained CVC for the most “difficult and complex” (or/and the “easiest”) mode is applied.

133-138

Authors: S. V. Bespalko, V. I. Bogachev

Purpose. The purpose of the investigation is to estimate such value of a tank head depth wherein the maximum capacity of vehicle is provided and a tank vessel durability meets the requirements. Methodo-logy. The problem solution was carried out with using the finite element analysis program NASTRAN. The finite element model is a tank shell of the railway eight-wheel tank car of model 15-1443. The load was presented as pressure. The value was accepted equal 0,4 MPa. The finite element model strain-stress state was analyzed. The tank head depth changed ranging from 0,2 m to 1,5 m. Findings. The rational tank head depth was 0,47 m from the tank vessel durability condition. This allows to improve the basic tank car parameters. It means to increase the tank vessel volume and to increase the capacity at 0,7 ton. Authors has investigated that an additional increase of the tank vessel volume and the vehicle capacity can be achieved when the tank head sheets thickness as high as 13 mm. In this case it is necessary to recognize that the rational tank head depth is 0,4 m. Tank capacity can be increase at 1 ton. Originality. This paper presents the method of analysis of the tank car volume increase. The tank car volume increase and thus а capacity of vehicle increase allows to improve the car productiveness. Calculations results allow to give the dependence of the maximum equivalent stresses in a tank head which the depth of the one change. Practical value. It is shown that the tank head depth reduction will allow to improve parameters of the existing railway tank when the tank vessel durability meets the requirements. Investigation results can be used when new tank cars are designed.

149-153

Authors: A. N. Komarova, Y. P. Boronenko

Purpose. One of the priority areas for improving the transportation process by railway transport is to increase its energy efficiency. Preliminary quantitative assessment of the resistance of the creep forces wagon, determination of the influence of damping on the amount of power resistance force at the resonance modes. Methododology. The study was conducted using mathematical modeling software system MEDYNA and an analytical method. Findings Energy consumption for overcoming resistance from forces creeps up a significant portion of total energy consumption to overcome the resistance movement, the resonance modes is a sharp increase in power consumption; its value significantly affects the value of damping. Originality. It is found that energy consumption in order to overcome the resistance of the power creeps up is a significant portion of total energy consumption to overcome the resistance movement, especially in the resonant modes. Practical value. The results can also be applied for development of a mathematical model of the car and the methodology for assessment of the resistance to motion that taking into account the resistance of the creep forces and the dissipation of energy in the environment as a hanging.

162-169

Authors: S. Myamlin, L. Neduzha, O. Ten, A. Shvets

Purpose. The railway transport plays an important role in social and economic life of the country and carries out the large containment of transportation activities. The transport industry should migrate towards innovation changes and increase its significance as an important transit subsystem on the way of renovation of both the infrastructure and the strategy of all transportation process components including the interaction with other transport modes. At present the life sets strategic challenges for the railway branch, and the basic goals among them are as follows: high-speed train traffic development, increase of the weight of freight trains, new rolling stock development etc. Due to the urgency of this subject, the researchers should cope with the task devoted to one of aspects of improving the freight transportation efficiency, namely to the study of effects of various factors and characteristics of technical conditions of the freight cars running gears (which are unavoidable to arise during operation) on their basic dynamic indices. The deviations of technical conditions of running gears from the normal state of the wedge system of bogie swing suspension also play an important role among them. The purpose of the paper is to investigate the influence of different factors of the technical conditions of freight car running gears (size deviation in both the bearers and the wedge system during operation) on their basic indices – coefficients of horizontal and vertical dynamics, vehicle body acceleration, frame strength, and derailment stability coefficient. Methodology. The study was conducted by numerical integration and mathematical modeling of the freight car dynamic loading using the software package “Dynamics of Rail Vehicles” (“DYNRAIL”). Findings. As a result of the research for freight car dynamic coefficients determination taking into account technical conditions of the side bearers, the dependencies of the basic freight cars dynamic coefficients on the parameters of side bearers (the clearances in the side bearers and the wedge system conditions of the bogie swing suspension) considering running speed in the tangent and curved track sections of minor and mean radii were obtained. Originality. The impact of the technical condition of the car running gears on the traffic safety factors is determined.Practical value. The theoretical research results in determination of freight car dynamic indices taking into consideration the technical conditions of the side bearers of freight cars allow for an adequate assessment of effect of the freight car bogies’ technical conditions, namely the bearers parameters, on the railway traffic safety factors (coefficients of horizontal and vertical dynamics, vehicle body acceleration, frame strength and derailment stability coefficient).

177-189

Authors: A. V. Radkevich, V. F. Hudenko, D. A. Yurkov

Purpose. Analysis of the global experience of above-road construction and reconstruction of station complexes; the study of opportunities capacity above-road space in major Ukrainian cities, analyzing the general plan of Dnepropetrovsk in order to identify optimal areas for the construction of transport multicomplexes. Methodology. The chart method, the methods of field observation, and graphic simulation method have been used for the researches. Findings. The analysis of the general plans of the major cities of Ukraine found out that the railway line passing through residential, industrial, recreational and other areas of the city occupies from 2% to 6% of its territory. Zoning of railways and adjacent areas in the city of Dnepropetrovsk has been done; identified six types of sites and determined the prospects for their use. Originality. On the example of one of the most promising station areas in Dnepropetrovsk we propose a conceptual design of the reconstruction of the central railway station area with above-road space building by multifunctional complexes of the total useful floor area of more than 1 million m2. Practical value. The areas occupied by railway infrastructure are significant reserves for construction, especially in the areas of high concentration of transport and human masses, where no area for traditional methods of building left. In addition, this approach solves a number of related problems, integrating in a single centre a large number of internal and external passenger and cargo flows.