Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research

7

Authors: Renante A. Egcas (PhD)1 , Mariane P. Lacuesta (PhD)2

This study endeavored to determine the extent of practices and challenges and the opportunities in the implementation of the Civil Service Commission’s PRIME-HRM (Program to Institutionalize Meritocracy and Excellence in Human Resource Management) of select school divisions of the Department of Education in Negros Occidental, Philippines. Specifically, this study sought to determine the extent of practices when taken as a whole and when taken per HR system, the extent of challenges when taken as a whole and when taken per HR system and the foreseen opportunities in the implementation of the PRIME-HRM along with the implementation of the Rationalization Plan. This is a Mixed-Method Research which involved the collection and analysis of quantitative and qualitative data. A survey questionnaire adapted from the PRIME-HRM assessment form by the Civil Service Commission was revised and used to collect necessary data. The results showed that the extent of practices was very high and the extent of implementation challenges was moderate. There was no significant difference on the extent of practices in the implementation of the PRIME-HRM when assessed collectively by divisions in terms of the four HR systems such as Recruitment, Selection and Placement, Learning and Development, Performance Management System and Rewards and Recognition. Moreover, results showed that there was significant difference on the extent of challenges in the implementation of the said program when assessed by divisions in three HR systems. Recruitment, Selection and Placement was highly significant (p-value=.005), Learning and Development (p-value=.030) and Performance Management System (p-value=.037) were significant, while, Rewards and Recognitions (p-value=.147) was not significant. On the other hand, there was no significant difference on the extent of challenges in Recruitment, Selection and Placement which result was attributed to uniform guidelines imposed by the government and the implementing agencies are mandated to follow. The research qualitatively elicited several opportunities in the implementation of PRIME-HRM.

8

Authors: Olive Joy G. Abing

– This study analyzes the short story Footnote to Youth by Jose Garcia Villa using five literary theories. This aims at finding out what Footnote to Youth means as interpreted in terms of Biographical Criticism, Reader Response Criticism, Formalism, Archetypal Criticism, and Feminist Criticism theories. This study makes use of the descriptive-qualitative design specifically the content analysis using literary criticism in interpreting the literature. This research utilized text evaluation through triangulation using the short story itself as the primary source of data and secondary data in the form of interview of Villa’s close acquaintances, related documents (i.e. published letters), other literary texts and online conversations with the ultimate goal of yielding valid and trustworthy inferences. In interpreting the short story, five literary theories classified by Abrams’ Major Literary Classification of Literary Theories were used. As analyzed, the story could be: an expression of Villa’s yearning for a father figure in his life, a message extending caution to the readers on the pitfalls of teenage marriage, an exhibit of the ‘literariness’ of Villa’s workmanship, a symbolic representation of archetypes and a reflection of the undermined the roles of women in the society.

10

Authors: Darrel M. Ocampo

This study determined the effectiveness of Differentiated Instruction in the reading comprehension level of the Grade-11 senior high school students, school year 2016-2017. Specifically, it aims to determine the reading comprehension level of the control and the experimental groups in the pretest and post-test; identify if there is a significant difference in the reading comprehension level of the control and experimental groups in the pre-test and post-test results; and identify the strengths and weaknesses in using Differentiated Instruction. Quasi-experimental method was employed in conducting the study. The respondents were the 150 Grade-11 students of a public high school grouped as control and experimental using Parallel technique. Data sources include pre-test and post-test scores, gain scores, classroom observation form, survey questionnaire, and researcher’s reflective notes. The qualitative data were analysed using template analysis style and the basic approach of comprehending, synthesizing, theorizing and re-contextualizing to identify common themes and integrating thematic pieces. Based on the classroom observations, survey and researcher’s reflective notes, strengths and weaknesses of Differentiated Instruction were observed. Despite the observed and encountered challenges, the statistical analysis has revealed a significant difference between pre-test and post-test results.

12

Authors: Jim Christzer I. Pablo, Ronald Candy S. Lasaten (Ph.D)

This descriptive-qualitative research determined and analyzed the difficulties of Senior High School students in writing academic essays and the overall quality of the academic essays of the students. Further, it compared the quality of the academic essays of the students from public and private schools. Using the random sampling technique, the academic essays of the 227 Grade 11 Senior High School students in the Schools Division of Laoag City were selected and analyzed for the purpose of the study. To gather the needed data, the study used a researcher-made checklist patterned after the criteria set by Jacobs (1981) in evaluating academic essays and the Standardized Rubric in Evaluating Academic Essay of Jacobs (1981) enriched by Valdez (2016). Findings show that the students have difficulties in writing academic essays such as lack of variety of ideas in terms of content and ideas, lack of connectives in terms organization, incorrect word or idiom and word usage in terms vocabulary and word choice, poor sentence structures in terms of language use, use of first person pronoun in terms of formality and objectivity, and lack of citations in terms of referencing. Notably, the overall quality of the students’ academic essays ranges from poor to fair. Further, the quality of the academic essays of the students from private schools is of better quality than students’ academic essays from public schools.

5

Authors: Judith S. Rabacal (PhD)

Blended learning is a mixed learning that combines several different delivery methods such as self-directed learning and web based discovering that incorporates a portion of the accommodations of online courses without the entire loss of face to face contact. This study aims to provide a discussion of the various potential of blended learning in the context of one ASEAN classroom setting. The present study used a pre-test post-test quasi-experimental design to determine the effect of blended learning approach among graduate students’ academic performance. Findings revealed that the graduate students’ academic performance was greatly influenced by the use of blended learning approach. Evidence is provided to suggest that blended learning is potentially meaningful when utilized as medium of instruction to enhance both the viability and productivity of significant learning outcomes. This study recommends the use of blended learning approach in teaching among graduate school students.

6

Authors: John Vincent J. Bucal

This study was conducted to create a Mathematical Model through a simple mathematical equation that could assess the storm surge vulnerability and capacity assessment of coastal communities in Camarines Norte. The formulated equation can be solved using the parameters set - based on the needs assessment of the community. The researcher used a descriptive-evaluative method with the aid of a questionnaire and an in-dept interview assisted by the DRR officer of the Brgy. and duly validated by the Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office and used convenience-sampling method in order to provide answers from various family. Respondents of this study were the community members of Brgy. Mangcamagong, Basud, Camarines Norte. The formulated Mathematical model is easy to adopt and may still be updated considering other factors and adding other possible variables. Moreover, the data may be regularly updated semi-annually to ensure accuracy of result. Further related studies may still be considered for a more complex and more accurate result that would be beneficial not only to the Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction Management Office (MDRRMO), Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction Management Office (PDRRMO), and other concerned offices, but most importantly to the entire coastal community of the province in general.

8

Authors: Ana Liza G. Taberdo1 , Ronalyn C. Acuavera2

– The main objective of the study is to determine the level of satisfaction, categorized into six (6) aspects (Quality of Lecture Notes, Teaching Quality: Lecture, Teaching Quality: Practical, Workload, Time Frame, and Assessment) of PMMA midshipmen/women as well as its faculty on the use of the modular approach in teaching professional subjects for the 1st Semester, SY 2016-2017. Document analysis, survey, and key informant interviews were conducted to gather data on the problem-at-hand. The study revealed that most of the respondents are from the College of Marine Transportation. The cadet-respondents are mostly 3Cl and not sponsored by the Norwegian Shipping Association. Overall, the respondents are satisfied with the implementation of the program. The faculty-respondents have the highest satisfaction rating compared to NSA-sponsored and Non-NSA sponsored cadets. Moreover, the study revealed that there is a statistically significant difference between the levels of satisfaction of respondents. Finally, majority of the respondents would want the modular approach to still be utilized next school year. Based on these findings, the researcher recommends that the PMMA Leadership should decide on the continuity of the program, and if they have decided to continue, revisions and other concerns must be taken into consideration.

9

Authors: Alexis John M. Rubio1 , Melvin A. Ballera2 , Dennis B. Gonzales3

Hotspots in crime analysis are regions that require attention from law enforcement, perhaps through increased allocation of resources or location-specific patrolling custom-made to hotspot features. The purpose of the study was to develop a graphical information system (GIS) which identifies the different hotspots of crimes that occurred in the year 2017 throughout the cities of Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas and Valenzuela (CAMANAVA) using MarkerClusterer clustering algorithm along with spatial and temporal analysis to cluster occurrence of crime together in certain areas and periods, and to provide a recommendation for that hotspot. The developmental research design was adopted by the proponents to satisfy the research problem, along with the Knowledge Discovery in Database (KDD) during the development of the system. Nine (9) crime types were observed, namely; car/motor-napping, drug-related incidents, homicide, murder, physical injuries, rape, robbery, theft and vehicular accidents. A total of 12,784 occurrences of crimes was observed, and vehicular traffic accident occurred the most which accounts for 63.97% of the total 12,639 crime occurrences in CAMANAVA during the year 2017. Hourly distribution varied depending on the crime observed, daily distribution did not show much variation but monthly distribution showed that August is the month when most crimes occurred. The proponents recommend that future research may include impact of socioeconomic and environmental factors in crimes, plus data mining techniques that could be able to forecast crime based on the hotspots that were generated.

9

Authors: Rafael Michael O. Paz

The revitalization of translation as a pedagogical tool in recent literature shows teachers and applied linguists’ attempt to recover translation’s importance in both ESL and EFL instruction contexts. However, in the Philippines, translation remains marginalized in tertiary instruction, often occupying a safe location in listening and speaking, but completely obscured in reading and writing. This paper attempted to determine students’ perceptions about pedagogic translation applied in a tertiary writing task. Results reveal that students find writing unified and cohesive, and intelligible outputs in English easier when they begin writing tasks using their L1 or L2 for a later translation in English. Likewise, this paper aims to open possibilities for pedagogic translation in writing instruction in English in tertiary education in the Philippines.

10

Authors: Conchita Malenab-Temporal (PhD)

- Classroom discourses, particularly in making learners do what teachers or fellow learners ask them to do with what they say, are crucial in the learners’ language comprehension. Hence, this study examined the speech acts of learners through analysis of their conversations in classroom discourse, particularly in an ESL classroom context. Specifically, it identified the locutionary, illocutionary, perlocutionary acts performed in ESL classroom discourse. Qualitative method was employed in the study and data were gathered through classroom observations which were audio and video recorded. The respondents of the study are students and teachers as they interact in the language classroom. Full transcripts of classroom discourses were documented and out of these full transcripts, several conversations were extracted which became the corpus of analysis in this study. In analyzing the speech acts performed in classroom discourse by the students and teachers, the categorical approach to the application of Speech Act theory by Cohen (1996) in analyzing the transcribed dialogues was adopted. Results show after careful analysis and interpretation of the transcripts of actual classroom discourses, that ESL learners’ performative utterances in the classroom are those for purposes of explaining, asking questions, confirming, giving emphasis, citing examples, suggesting, scolding, and advising, requesting and commanding.

12

Authors: Jay-ar A. Cristobal1 and Ronald Candy S. Lasaten2

This descriptive-correlational study aimed to describe and analyze the relationship between the oral communication apprehensions (CA) and academic performance in English, Mathematics and Science of the Grade 7 students. The participants of the study were the 371 Grade 7 students who were officially enrolled in the 22 public secondary schools in the Division of Ilocos Norte for the School Year 2016-2017. The data on students’ level of oral communication apprehension were gathered using the McCroskey’s Personal Report of Communication Apprehension (PRCA-24). Meanwhile, the data on the students’ academic performance in English, Mathematics and Science were gathered from their report cards for the school year 2016-2017. Frequency, percentage distribution, and Pearson’s r correlation were used to treat the data. Findings reveal that the Grade 7 students exhibit varied degrees or levels of oral communication apprehension in English in all the communication situations and in their overall oral CA. Further, the study reveals that there exists a significant relationship between the Grade 7 students’ level of oral communication apprehension and their level of academic performance in English, Mathematics and Science, that is, if the students experience lower level of communication apprehension, they are more likely to have higher academic performance, but, if the students exhibit higher level of oral communication apprehension, they tend to have lower academic performance. This study could serve as basis for language teachers to consider speaking activities that could be best offered to students who are challenged with oral communication apprehensions. Further, this could help students monitor their oral communication apprehensions and find ways to address and overcome them.

6

Authors: Feng Zeng1,2 , Haibin Zhu1

Hainan is the first pilot province of comprehensive tourism in China, which brings new development opportunities for the construction of Hainan international tourism island. As the most abundant tourism resources in the province of Hainan state farms must seize this opportunity, participate in the creation of comprehensive tourism, and transform the resource advantages into industrial advantages. This paper elaborates the theory vicissitude of comprehensive tourism; Based on the construction background of Hainan comprehensive tourism, taking Nantian farm as a case, through the evaluation and analysis of the comprehensive tourism resources of the Nantian farm ranking, development orientation, spatial pattern, target market and tourist awareness, and put forward the development strategies of comprehensive tourism in Hainan state farms area.

6

Authors: Marcos C. Taberdo, Jr.1 , Ana Liza G. Taberdo2

One significant component to assure quality education is formulation of policies aimed on Student’ development. The academic performance of the students may also serve as an evaluation of the quality of education which the institution offers to the students. The study aimed to determine the academic performance of Freshmen Maritime students when grouped according to educational background. It further examined the differences in their performance in the technical courses, general education courses and aptitude for the service. Using percentage, mean and t-test, data are analyzed. Based on the semestral report on grades, the freshmen performed good in the professional subjects and performed very good in both general education courses and aptitude for the service. Further, there is no significant difference between academic performance of those without college background and with college background in the professional and general education courses but those with college background performed better in the aptitude for the service. The result suggests that the administration may explore the possibility of considering crediting the units earned by the students with college background. They should venture on the acquisition of more technical laboratory equipment such as simulators to increase the student’s enthusiasm in the professional courses. Also, the school needs to improve its instruction and assessment on the aptitude for the service.

7

Authors: Rainlee N. Bentazal 1 , John Eric B. Rubi2 , Chenny Mendoza2 , Reynaldo B. Inocian1 , Romualdo B. Generalao3

This study described the life of a 21st century ‘Rizal’ at the bumpy road of Buhisan. It answered these objectives to extrapolate common themes on the tricycle driver’s life in relation to Rizal, determine his strengths and weaknesses as a modern day hero, and ascertain his enduring legacies to his country. A qualitative method of narrative inquiry, interviews, and natural observation were used, with the primary informant who personified Jose Rizal’s heroic attributes. To observe ethics, the key informant’s name was held confidential, who is named fictitiously as ‘Dodong.’ A 27 year old ‘Dodong’ worked very hard daily, rain or shine, drove his tricycle to fulfill his family’s needs. As a key informant, he was selected based on the following criteria: a typical married family man, a religious individual, and driving more than ten years in the village. As a tricycle driver dubbed as ‘Dodong’ personified some attributes of a 21st century ‘Rizal’ at the bumpy road of Buhisan. The narratives of ‘Dodong’ embodied a modern heroic character of being loving to the family and the country, charming in a social environment, competing a challenging limited advantage, resisting a hostile weather condition, enduring the times of adversity, and taking advantage of one’s weaknesses illumined a trademark of a hero’s legacy. The 21st century Rizal encountered his ‘bumpy road’ symbolic to the challenges of his heroism.

8

Authors: 1Januard D. Dagdag and 2Roldan S. Cardona

In the light of implementing outcomes-based education (OBE) in the Philippines, this study describes quantitatively and qualitatively how the forty-seven college mathematics educators of twenty-two tertiary education institutions in Isabela, Philippines understand and implement outcomes-based assessment (OBA). Mixed methods of research were utilized through a triangulation of true-false test, essay, interview, and document review to exhaust and draw out their knowledge, attitudes, and experiencestoward OBA. Percent, mean, and content analysis were utilized to analyze the data. Findings revealed that more than half of the educators find it difficult to distinguish the features of OBA. Some cannot yet get away with traditional non-OBA practices such as permanently recorded and graded scores and attendance, and utilizing mostly pen-and-paper tests. Identified impediments to their implementation of OBA include their non-OBA-oriented beliefs, attitudes and understanding, and the institutional policies to quantitative markings. Hence, revisiting the theories and principles of OBE and OBA, regular trainings on these topics, and shifting to qualitative assessment using rubrics are essential measures for OBA to work effectively with educators in ascertaining that every student transforms according to the stipulated goals of their respective institutions.

8

Authors: Bethlehem A. Ponce

This study will focus on one commodity – rattan, which is the main source of income among the Mamanwa in San Francisco Southern Leyte, Philippines. An indigenous economy may seem like a speck in the political economy of the mainstream society, but it is greatly affected by it. Thus, this study aims to understand how the Mamanwa, an Indigenous People living outside their ancestral domain, cope with the existing laws and policies that somehow affect their traditional subsistence activities. This paper will present first the study of INBAR and USAID about the status of rattan in the world economy and in the Philippines, and the rules imposed by the Philippines to regulate rattan related economic activities. Furthermore, it will discuss how these rules influence the decision-making process of the Mamanwa and how it affects their traditional subsistence activities. As a result, laws, and policies to further develop rattan industry in the country and the laws provided as a way of recognizing the rights of the Indigenous people are not of much help to migrant Indigenous People like the Mamanwa. In this case, inequality of development expansion is correlated to the unequal enjoyment of rights provided by the state which supposed to be accessible to all Filipinos. Unfortunately, for those small-producers who are having difficulties in converting their economic activities into a formal economy remain stagnant. They will remain a speck in the vast world of economics and politics. Data were gathered using anthropological research methods, such as key informant interviews and field observations.

9

Authors: Michael L. Estremera (C.A.R. PhD)

There have practically been interweaving policies/guidelines issued by the Department of Education (DepEd) chiefly toward the best interest of the students without having to look into its manner of execution, advantages and disadvantages of implementation. This academic piece delved at the extent relevant to the execution and level of awareness by the purposively chosen respondents. The researcher aptly considered the mixed-method of research design as qualitative methods may be used to identify the important variables in an area of interest. To identify the level of awareness of CPC, the researcher-devised questionnaires were fittingly utilized considering frequency and weighted mean statistical tools. Findings reveal that all CPC members are all aware at identifying cases involving child abuse, exploitation, violence, discrimination and bullying. As to linkages and coordination indicator, the CPC members are oriented that whenever CPP violation is committed, it shall be reported and referred to proper authority. Along monitoring and evaluation of activities, the school heads are aware at developing and implementing a school-based referral and monitoring system. Taking into account the foregoing findings, the researcher concluded that the CPC members need further awareness of the CPP framework. Hence, researcher recommends the ff. (i) School heads as chairmen of CPC may further initiate activities that contribute likewise enhance CPC awareness; (ii) CPC members may even unify their actions toward realization of the purposes ad goals of CPP through further activities such as seminars, trainings and team building; and (iii) Teachers may sustain and enhance their classroom practices toward CPP realization in the interest of the clienteles.

10

Authors: SangeetaYaduvanshi1 and Sunita Singh2

The study examined the effect of two types of cooperative learning strategies (CLSs) including structured CLS [Students’ Team Achievement Division (STAD)] and informal CLS on the achievement of biology subject among secondary school students with respect to their gender. The researcher adopted the pretest–post-test experimental design to perform two separate experiments. A total of 63 students of class IX participated in the first experiment and, in the second experiment, 62 students were participated. An instrument, Biology Achievement Test, developed by a researcher comprising of 100 items, was used. Its reliability coefficient was calculated by using K20 method and Cronbach reliability formula, in which the values were found to be 0.67 and 0.83, respectively. The results revealed that both the structured and informal types of cooperative learning instructional strategies enhance students’ achievement in biology. The study shows that structured CLS (STAD) as well as informal CLS had no significant effect on students’ achievement in relation to their gender, although in both cases, the female students achieved more than their male counterpart. Thus, an implementation of CLS has a step to realize gender equity in the science classroom.

6

Authors: Guillermo P. Pantuhan1 , Arnold R. Elepaño2 , Kevin F. Yaptenco2 , Ernesto V. Carpio3

The study investigated the effects of osmotic dehydration (OD) as pre-treatment to the quality of mechanically air-dried semi-refined carrageenan (SRC). It aimed to evaluate some physical and textural properties of SRC as influenced by osmotic temperature. Dried seaweeds of the specie Kappaphycus alvarezii were used as raw material. After cooking and washing, the seaweed samples were subjected to osmotic dehydration in a saturated sugar solution at temperatures of 30O, 40O, and 50OC. The samples were then subjected to mechanical air-drying and milling to create powdered products. For property evaluation, both powder and gel samples were used. The osmotically air-dried products (OAD) were compared to conventionally-produced air-dried (AD) samples. Osmotic dehydration both induced moisture loss and solute uptake in the products. Due to sucrose gain, OD produced lighter powders and clearer gels from semi-refined carrageenan. Indeed, sugar was able to improve product clarity. OAD gels also had lower pH values, more viscous, and with greater strength than AD gels. In effect, this enhanced product qualities implied greater versatility and range of application for the semi-refined carrageenan, making it more competitive with its refined counterpart. However, osmotically air-dried (OAD) powders had higher water activity than purely air-dried (AD) samples. This is a challenge to the storability and shelf-life of the product, implying the need to develop appropriate packaging system for it.

8

Authors: Hannah T. Castillon1 & Amelia M. Bonotan2

This phenomenological study delves into the lived experiences of kindergarten teachers about home-school partnership and the young learners’ performance. The study is anchored on Vygotsky’s social learning theory and the zone of proximal development. The researchers conducted the study during the first semester of SY 2017-2018 with sixteen (16) kindergarten teacher participants coming from public and private schools in Malaybalay City, Bukidnon, Philippines. They explained the research and its merits to the prospective participants and solicited their informed consent. Once granted, the researchers conducted semistructured interviews. The data collected were analyzed using Colaizzi’s approach. It generated the following themes: “Home-School partnership is fostered with the 5C’s - Celebrations, Classroom Meetings, Conferences, Classroom Projects, Contributions”; Partnership is strengthened with the 3 R’s: Rapport, Reaching Out, Recognition to Parents”; “Involved Parents beget confident, sociable, and active kids”, “Less involved parents tend to have kids who are timid, withdrawn and perform less.”The researchers recommend that a seminar/training on facilitating strong home-school partnership may be conducted for the teachers to be equipped with the needed knowledge, values and skills for this important noble task

8

Authors: Benjamin B. Mangila

Instructional materials (IMs) play a very important role for successful teaching and learning. As such, they must be culturally relevant; that is, they reflect and accommodate cultural plurality in order to support student learning in diverse classrooms. Thus, this study was conducted to examine the cultural relevance of the instructional materials used by elementary teachers in the Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE) Program. It made use of the descriptive survey and Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) as methods in examining critically the instructional materials commonly used in teaching mother tongue. Findings of this study revealed that instructional materials used by teachers in teaching the mother tongue subject are not culturally relevant as inconsistencies exist on the cultural messages contained in them. Thus, this study is very helpful as it serves as guide to DepEd officials and most especially to teachers in the making of localized and culturally relevant instructional materials as these greatly help concretize students’ learning experiences inside the classrooms. Furthermore, it also encourages the Department of Education to provide enough instructional materials to teachers as scarcity of material resources becomes a major reason why instructional materials become culturally irrelevant. Lastly, it also suggests that teachers must be regularly sent to trainings and seminars to equip them with the knowledge and skills needed in the production of localized and culturally meaningful instructional materials in their classrooms.

8

Authors: Januard D. Dagdag

The present study utilized correlational method to examine the factors that influenced the performance of 45 Bachelor of Agricultural Technology (BAT) graduates in their Licensure Examination for Agriculturists (LEA). SPSS Descriptive statistics, Pearson's Correlation, and Coefficient of Determination were used to analyse the registration data on scores in LEA, academic, College Admission Test (CAT), and Course Audit. Findings showed that performances in CAT, academic, and course audit were good predictors of the graduates’ achievement in the LEA. Their low performance in these areas, however, accounted for their low LEA scores. This suggests that strict admission policy, quality instruction, and comprehensive course audit are fundamental ways associated with high licensure exam performance. Hence, the agriculture department should benchmark from high performing schools in LEA, establish tests validity and reliability, consider the CAT results in admitting students, regularly assess the effectiveness of the course audit, implement promotion and retention

9

Authors: Jerwin M. Mahaguay (Ph.D)

It is the aim of this paper to explore the possibility that virtues are just created by somebody, for somebody, and for the purpose not beneficial to everybody. To unravel this theme, this paper is divided into two connecting paths, first is the exploration of Friedrich Nietzsche’s ideas, his will to power and critic to religion and morality and the second is putting Nietzsche’s ideas to the of Mindorenoes’ mining problem, to show how virtue is simply made to dominate.

10

Authors: Julius Jerome G. Ele1 , Josephine R. Migalbin2 , Elma G. Sepelagio3 , Vingelle B. Jimenez4 and Peter Greame F. Lacia5

– The general objective of the study is to determine the immune response of feeding diets with different levels of mangosteen rind powder to broiler chickens. Specifically, it aimed (1) to determine the immune responses of broiler chickens on the total white blood cell count, heterophil count and lymphocyte count, including the presence of basophils, eosinophils and monocytes and (2) to determine the immune effects of the different levels of mangosteen rind powder on the bursa of Fabricius and spleen through histological examination. The study was conducted in a Completely Randomzed Design. A total of eighty (80) day old chicks were randomly distributed into five (5) different treatments. The five (5) treatments used include the control wherein no mangosteen rind powder or no commercial antioxidant is incorporated in the diet, commercial antioxidant incorporated in the diet, 33 g of mangosteen rind powder/ kg of feed, 66 g of mangosteen rind powder/ kg of feed and 100 g of mangosteen rind powder/ kg of feed. For study 1 and 2, formulated diets of corn-soya based was used incorporated with different levels of mangosteen rind powder were used. The inclusion of 66 g and 100 g of mangosteen rind powder per kg of feed in the diet of broiler chickens increased the total white blood cell count, heterophil count, lymphocyte concentration in the bursa of Fabricius and the spleen lymphatic node formation. Results show that mangosteen rind powder at 66 g/kg of feed and 100 g/ kg of feed enhances the immune system of broiler chickens.

12

Authors: Younoh Cho1 , Marina D. Gamo2 , GiBbeum Park3 , Haejin Lee4

Trafficking in persons is a complicated crime with various characteristics of criminals, victims, and law enforcement. Scholars and practitioners addressing the subject of trafficking in persons must consider specific characteristics of traffickers, vulnerability of victims, and their unique relationships with authority. Additionally, there is an urgent necessity to investigate determinants of police reports of victims because most victims of trafficking are fearful of filing a report. This article explores and analyses characteristics of victims of trafficking in persons and willingness of filing a police report about their victimization in ASEAN countries. By using 128 trafficking data from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), this study examines which characteristics of victims have increased their vulnerability to trafficking and how key elements of trafficking including protective factors and risk factors are associated with attitudes of police filing reports of victims in ASEAN countries. Results based on descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis demonstrated that approximately 50% percent of victims were younger than age 20 and there is a statistical relationship between family recognition of initial contact with traffickers and police report behaviour. Logistic regression analysis revealed that family awareness was a statistically significant factor associated with police report behaviour. Further policy implications concerning effective strategies for encouraging victims to report their criminal victimization of trafficking will be discussed.

6

Authors: Nova E. Arquillano

The Municipality of Lingayen being the capital town of the Province of Pangasinan is an attractive site not only because of its rich history but the present tourism and trading condition that makes it more welcoming. As the municipality becomes a better place to live and to invest, increase of population is an inevitable phenomenon that needs legislative and administrative measures in order to have less negative consequences in the future. The Municipal Zoning Ordinance and the Comprehensive Land Use Plan are the two important documents in this research. These are guides in the construction of survey instrument. This research looked into the provisions that make concerned local offices responsible in implementing and monitoring the priority projects. It was conducted in the Municipality of Lingayen from January to April 2014. It found out that all the provisions stated in the Municipal Zoning Ordinance were observed and the priority projects of the municipality are in on-going status. It is recommended that there should be monitoring and assessment activities to be done in order to remind those in-charge of the projects to finish them according to plan. Also, partnership with private enterprises and other local government units should be strengthened in order to implement the priority projects.

7

Authors: Renante A. Egcas (Ph.D.)1 , Marylou J. Egcas (CPA)2

Continual improvement and customer satisfaction are not simply mantras but become a culture of an organization that had its quality management system certified. Hence, this study aimed to assess the operation of the new accounts section of the select provincial branches of an ISO certified bank in the Philippines. A survey instrument using the CCC (characteristics-condition-challenges) framework was employed. The respondents were the new accounts clerks (NACs), supervisors and clients of the branches. The result revealed that the most essential and helpful characteristics of the NAC to achieve maximum clients’ satisfaction are being accommodating, accurate, compliant, fast, facilitative, and pleasing. The result further revealed that the condition of the New Account Section (NAS) as to the level of compliance and satisfaction in triangulated assessment was ‘very highly compliant/satisfactory’ in the different areas of operation, hence, conforming processes were evident. Furthermore, the result revealed that the challenges or the issues and problems encountered by the NACs are bulk of works, complaining clients, impatient clients, long processes, and overwhelming clients. Generally, the stakeholders of the bank, particularly the clients desired to be wellaccommodated and well-facilitated by a pleasing and efficient employee in a shortest possible time because for them this is ‘good service’. For continual improvement and business excellence, more procedural and service innovations on some aspects of operations are wanting.

7

Authors: Sherryll M. Fetalvero1 , Tomas T. Faminial2 Emelyn F. Montoya3 , Errol S. Foja4 , Eddie G. Fetalvero5

This study is part of a bigger evaluation research about the Adopt-a-Reviewee Project for Certified Public Accountant Licensure Examination (ADOPT) of the College of Business and Accountancy of Romblon State University. The project was assessed using Stufflebeam’s Context, Input, Process and Product (CIPP) evaluation model. This paper however, focuses only on CIPP’s product evaluation component which is essential in making decisions as to the continuation or abortion of the project. A mixed method research was employed in gathering information from 16 beneficiaries and their respective families using two parallel forms of validated evaluation questionnaire complemented with interviews. These data were triangulated in a focus group composed of beneficiaries, benefactors, administrative officials, college dean and accounting teachers. To determine the effect of ADOPT on RSU’s passing performance in the CPA Licensure Examination (CPALE), a series of comparative tests was done. Results reveal that ADOPT is an effective intervention in improving RSU’s performance in CPALE as well as the socio- economic condition and well-being of the beneficiaries and their families. Workable measures are advanced in order to sustain the project despite challenges in fund sourcing and generation.

8

Authors: Jo Ann M. Petancio & Amelia M. Bonotan

This study probed into the lived experiences of the student-teachers as they go through teaching Elementary Mathematics. Apart from Mathematics, these student-teachers who are generalists teach the other seven subjects. This phenomenological study was conducted during the first semester, school year 2017-2018 in Cebu Normal University-Integrated Laboratory School in Cebu City, Philippines. The researchers interviewed twelve student teachers and used Colaizzi’s method of data analysis. Results revealed that the essence of teaching Math from the lens of elementary student teachers is condensed in the following themes: a) Emotional mix-up; b) Challenging; c) Never stop learning and reach out for help; d) Success is a joint venture of teacher and student; e) Values count; f) We are work in progress. The researchers recommend that teacher education institutions may consider revisiting their policies and practices to strengthen the support lent by the supervisor, mentors and staff to the budding teachers; providing supplemental training and coaching towards improving the student teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge in Math; and providing the pre-service teachers with reflective strategies in processing one’s own experiences in teaching the subject. Moreover, since elementary student-teachers teach not only Math but the other subjects as well, the researchers also recommend that further researches may be conducted on topics related on how the teaching of the other subjects influence one’s way of teaching Mathematics.

8

Authors: Racidon P. Bernarte1 , Quennie Marie M. Acedegbega2 , Mariah Louise A. Fadera3 , Hanna Jemima G. Yopyop4

The issue of violence against women is evident among the crimes committed in the Philippines so this study was conducted in order to consolidate and draw a clear condition of violence against women in the Philippines. The focal point of this study is to determine the state of violence against women in the Philippines by recognizing the contributing factors, its perpetrators, number of cases and forms of abuses. There were two research procedures used in establishing the study: series of face-to-face interviews with authorities in the field of violence against women and supported by the analysis of the data gathered from the Philippine National Police (PNP). Through an extensive review, the researchers opt for women’s group representatives, consultant on women's affairs, Philippine National Police (PNP) officials, Women and Child Protection Center (WCPC) officials and barangay women’s desk officers as the key informants. An interview guide constructed by the researchers was used in the interviews while a coding sheet was accustomed in the analysis of the secondary data. The results showed that family, economic and social factors already exist in the Filipino community that causes occurrence of violence on women in different setting. Upon the in-depth analysis, socio-cultural and socio-political factors were also found contributing to the existence of the phenomenon.

9

Authors: Francis Mark A. Quimba, Jonna P. Estudillo

Using nationally-representative datasets from 1990 to 2012, this paper aims to identify pathways out of poverty in the rural Philippines by looking at the different sources of household income. The results show that the most important sources of income growth are nonfarm wage work, foreign remittances, and domestic remittances indicating that nonfarm work and migration are important pathways out of poverty. Households in remote areas remain engaged in agricultural wage work and in the production of high-value agricultural products. Regression results also show that electricity and roads as well as secondary and tertiary schooling haves significant positive impacts on nonfarm wage income and remittances. Overall, this study emphasizes the utmost importance of infrastructure and human capital in facilitating movements out of poverty through nonfarm wage work and migration.

13

Authors: Alvin B. Cervania , Adrian C. Perdio , Delia S. Llave , Antonio B. Zapanta

A study on the status of Bataan’s coastal zones, and the issues on the province’s coastal resource management (CRM) programs under an integrated framework was commissioned by the Department of Science and Technology-Region III in the Philippines. Twenty-eight representative coastal villages and 11 water testing sites served as study areas. The research participants totalled to 1,300. Focused group discussions, survey and interviews, laboratory testing, documentary analysis, and literature review were used in the data gathering. It was concluded that the province’s coastal zones are in a disturbed state, which has negative implications to its already subsistent coastal population and important coastal economic activities. The province’s CRM projects have been arbitrary and intermittent. There are too few conservation initiatives due to scarcity of baseline data necessary for more methodical CRM programs. There is poor grassroots level involvement in CRM decision-making processes as well which clearly defeats the essence of integrated coastal management. A coordinated effort to strengthen stakeholder participation in critical CRM stages, and to conduct more comprehensive profilings and assessments of the province’s coastal environment involving the government, academics, and scientists are recommended to substantiate stakeholder involvement and increase the quality of data for CRM projects.