Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology

62-65

Authors: Sanjay Kumar, Prakash Tomar, J. Prakasha Rao

Aim: The aim of the present investigation is to study the effects of caffeine on frog skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle tissues. Material and methods: In this study muscle strips were obtained from Sartorius muscle, heart muscle and rectum of frog after pithing the animal. Caffeine (30mM) was administered in aqueous form with the help of Micropipette directly upon the isolated muscle sample. These isolated samples were prepared, fixed and analyzed with the help of laser beam where linear movement of muscle contraction is converted to angular movement which was recorded on the graph paper and further statistical analysis was done using student’s t-test to determine significance of differences between means. A “p” value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Conclusion: Caffeine (30mM) induces sustained contraction in skeletal and smooth muscle, but cardiac muscle does not respond to caffeine though it increases the natural beat of sinoatrial preparation.

74-80

Authors: Mrithunjay Ratthore, R. Periyasamy, D. K. Sharma, Manisha Sinha, Sachin Pandey, Somitra Trivedi

Objective: To determine the effects of Yoga posture on the Trunk Muscle Activities by examining the muscle activation patterns in erector spine and rectus abdominis muscles. Design Setting: Repeated-measures of descriptive study done at Biomechanics laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Department, NIT Raipur. Participants: In this work, participants with no previous experience of Yoga and low back pain (mean age ± SD, 18.0 ± 4.3 y; 10 Males) were recruited. Methods: we recorded muscle activity from erector spine and rectus abdominis muscle for two different yoga poses. By maximum voluntary contraction procedure, mean muscle activity value for two different yoga poses were determined. Results: There were significant effects of yoga pose on trunk muscle activities. We found significant (p<0.0001) change in trunk muscle activation during cobra pose as compared to boat pose. Conclusions: From the result we found variations in trunk muscle activities during cobra pose and boat pose. There was significant difference in muscle strength during cobra pose as compared to boat pose; therefore the Cobra pose is effective for strengthening Erector spinae muscle and this pose can be incorporated in yoga training module for addressing low back pain (LBP).

84-88

Authors: Kalyankar A G, Shingare P H, Divan CV

Background: Variation of hepatic artery in the hepatoduodenal ligament is very frequent, hence it is important to identify its branches before any surgery is attempted in this area, because injury to these structures may result in troublesome hemorrhage, even the inadevarant ligation to the right or common hepatic arteries results into hepatic infarction, necrosis or so called liver death. Hence the study of variations in hepatic pedicle is of interest to both surgeons and anatomist. Aims and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the presentation of branching patterns of hepatic artery in the hepatic pedicle. Aim was to study variation of proper hepatic artery and to co-relate its importance in liver transplantation. Material and Methods: A total of 100 cadavers were dissected as per the routine method with routine instruments. The hepatoduodenal ligament was dissected and hepatic artery was followed towards the porta hepatis. The branching patterns of proper hepatic artery was noted. After collecting the data, statistical analysis was done. Observations: Results showed the normal branching patterns of proper hepatic artery in 86% cadavers and remaining 14% cadavers had variations which were of 3 types. Discussion and Conclusion: The study shows significant frequency of variations in the anatomy of proper hepatic artery. Hence a detailed study of this structure is warranted before and during hepatic transplant and other procedures in this to avoid post-operative complications such as biliary ischemia, stricture or hemorrhage.

92-96

Authors: Amit Kant Singh, Ramji Singh, Ajay R. Chaudhari, Narsingh Verma, Brijendra Singh

Introduction: According to the World Health Organization (WHO) infertility is defined as “no conception after at least 12 months of unprotected intercourse”. Sperm morphology is an important index of fertility. The presence of many abnormal sperm forms indicate impaired fertility. The high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a result of oxidative stress have been associated with the peroxidation of cell membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids, thus it is hypothesised that the increased ROS level in seminal plasma due to oxidative stress may lead to sperm cell membrane defects which may cause morphological deformity in the sperm cells. Therefore, this study was undertaken with the aim to evaluate the sperm deformity index (SDI) and its relation with the ROS level in the seminal plasma of normozoospermic and oligoasthenoteratozoospermic subjects. Materials and Methods: 200 semen samples were studied (100 Normozoospermic and 100 oligoasthenoteratozoospermic cases). The samples were evaluated for sperm concentration, motility, morphology, sperm deformity index and level of oxidative stress. Results: The SDI is inversely related sperm concentration, Percentage Motility, Percentage Normal Morphology. The linear relation was observed between SDI and level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (MDA level). Conclusion: The study concluded with the remark that high level of ROS may be responsible for the morphological deformities of the sperm cells. Further, SDI score is a useful tool in identifying infertile men with high seminal ROS in infertility clinics where facilities for measuring levels of seminal ROS are not available.

105-107

Authors: Karadkhedkar S, Somwanshi ND

Background: Low level of aerobic fitness is an inevitable consequence of physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyle that some experts state to be the most important public health problem of the 21st century. Working women have more stress than nonworking women. Increasing amount of work stress at home and also at work place. .The concept of aerobic exercise for reducing anxiety & improving cardio respiratory parameters has created a great interest in medical research field. The present study was conducted to assess the effect of 16 weeks of aerobic exercise on different physiological parameters like pulse rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, breath holding time and VO2 max (Maximal Oxygen Consumption). Methods: Thrity healthy young adult female subjects between age 30 to 45 years were selected for study. Subjects practiced aerobic exercise at least 5 days a week. VO2 max was calculated by Queens college step test, pulse rate by palpatory method, respiratory rate and breath holding time visually, systolic and diastolic blood pressure by mercury sphygmomanometer. All parameters were calculated before and after 16 weeks of aerobic training program. Results: Study demonstrated that 16 weeks of aerobic training produced favorable changes in all cardiovascular parameters.