Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

66-68

Authors: Chandrashekar R, Sheeba Damodar KP, Mohandas Rai.

Introduction: Arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder involving abnormal activity of immune system which usually affects elderly people, even though seen in younger generation in few cases. Many drugs are available in the market but carry its own drawbacks and limitations. Hence, the search for the new drugs is still under research. Objectives: Evaluation of anti-arthritic activity of Ethanolic Extract of Leaves of Clerodendrum viscosum in Wistar Albino rats. Materials and Method: Wistar Albino rats were divided into five groups of 10 rats each. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) was injected to sub plantar region of the left hind paw of each rat. Administration of 1% Gum acacia (3 ml/kg, orally), Ethanolic extract of Leaves of Clerodendrum viscosum (75, 150 & 300mg/kg) and Indomethacin (10 mg/kg, orally) was started on the same day and continued for 21 days. Paw volume and body weight were recorded on the same day. Digital plethysmometer was used to record raw volume. On 5th day, the volume of paw was recorded again to access the primary followed by measuring the paw volume of the non-injected paw regularly. From day 13th to 21st, was drug free day and on 21st day the body weight and paw volume were recorded and the secondary lesions were graded. Results: It was observed that Clerodendrum viscosum Ethanolic extract at doses of 150 mg/kg showed significant anti-arthritic activity on 5th day (p<0.01), 21st day (p<0.01) and Arthritic index (p<0.01). Clerodendrum viscosum Ethanolic extract at the dose of 300mg has also showed significant anti-arthritic activity on 5th day (p<0.05), on 21st day (p<0.01) and Arthritis index (p<0.01) by Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) induced Arthritis in Wistar albino rats. Conclusion: Ethanolic Extract of Leaves of Clerodendrum viscosum has shown dose dependant Potent and efficacious anti-arthritic activity in Wistar Albino rats.

72-76

Authors: Jaspreet Singh, Gurleen Kaur.

Introduction: The pharmacy is one of the most extensively used therapeutic services of the hospital. The study was conducted to assess and analyze the type of hospital pharmacy services and drug distribution system; the planning considerations for hospital pharmacy, the various policies and procedures involved and associated managerial issues. Materials and Method: The study was conducted in the hospital pharmacy of 600- bedded hospital of Gian Sagar Medical College & Hospital, Patiala, Punjab, India in September 2016 for 4 weeks. Multiple on-site observations were done over the staff of the pharmacy and their environment. Conclusion: The Gian Sagar pharmacy though running good has scope of improvement. The staffing, equipment and the organizational structure are satisfactory but the procurement of drugs is too slow resulting in many out-of-stock items. Moreover, the staff development is important because of continual changes in expectation of the quality of pharmacists, social needs and the new information technique in education.

83-87

Authors: Harish G. Bagewadi, Afzal Khan AK, Venkatadri TV.

Introduction: To evaluate the existing teaching methods in pharmacology classes using Black board teaching, Video-tapes and learning by Poster based exercise. Material and Method: Second year medical students (4th term=66) were participated in the study at MVJ medical college and Research hospital, Bangalore. Initially, the students were thought about anti-epilepsy drugs and anti-Parkinsonism drugs by black board teaching. Then students were given 4 days gap. Later, they were asked to answer 20 multiple choice questions (MCQ’s) regarding anti-epilepsy and anti-Parkinsonism drugs on the basis of knowledge they acquired. Further, students were divided into group A and group B. Group A students (n=33) were given Video-tape learning on anti-epilepsy drugs and group B students (n=33) Poster exercise on anti-epilepsy drugs. Further, cross- over design was applied to the study, where Group B students were given Video-tape learning on anti-Parkinsonism drugs and group A students were given Poster exercise on anti-Parkinsonism drugs. Students were asked to answer 20 MCQ’s. Results: The correct response score of the students were expressed as percentages and Mean ±SD. One way ANOVA was used for comparison between the groups, followed by post hoc Tukey’s test. For all the tests p≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. The correct response score of the students who received Video-tape learning was (216±14.5), when compared to lecture educational session they scored (132±3.0) with statistically significant difference (p<0.05).There was no statistical significant difference in total correct response scores between Video-tape exercise (216±14.5), when compared to Poster-exercise learning (195±9.5). Conclusion: Student’s preferred horizontal integration of Poster exercise, Video-tape with didactic lectures.

95-100

Authors: Chetan S. Urade, Avinash V. Turankar, Vinay A. Bajaj, Vijay M. Motghare, Ganesh N. Dakhale.

Introduction: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) routinely occurs in clinical practice, raises the financial burden on both patients and hospitals. To monitor ADRs, vigilance programme commenced across the country since 2001. Also MCI made a compulsion to have ADR monitoring centre (AMC) in every medical colleges of India. As there is scarcity of comparative studies between clinicians and nurses, we planned study with objective of comparison between clinicians and nurses about KAP of pharmacovigilance programme. Material and Method: A cross-sectional, questionnaire based study. Clinicians and nurses of tertiary care teaching hospital of central India voluntarily answered the 28 pretested questionnaires. The study commenced only after approval of IEC. The duration of study was 12 weeks.100 clinicians and 100 nurses enrolled as participants. The data was analysed by graph pad prism version 6. Results: Statistically significant differences were seen between clinicians and nurses about awareness of national ADR reporting system, definition of ADR, definition of pharmacovigilance and knowledge of relation between serious adverse events &causality. 67% clinicians ticked “correct regulatory body”, responsible for monitoring ADR in India (p < 0.0001). Preferred mode to report ADRs in clinicians and nurses is phone. Conclusion: Clinicians had better knowledge and attitude about pharmacovigilance programme than nursing staff. So we recommend more focus on training of nurses in the form of CMEs and workshops with the emphasis on knowledge and attitude gaps, reducing the reporting anxiety and reducing the fear of legality associated with ADR reporting.

105-109

Authors: Ch. Pujitha, J. Sai Jyothi, J. Sucharitha, GNA Lakshmi, A. Lakshman Rao.

Ofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone broad-spectrum antibiotic that is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria for the treatment of infections. Ofloxacin is being used as eye drops in the treatment of eye infections. Rapid elimination and poor bioavailability is the disadvantage associated with eye drops. An attempt was made to prolong the retention of ofloxacin in the eye by formulating into gel using HPMC K100, Carbopol 940 and Sodium Alginate individually and in combination and the prepared formulations were evaluated.