Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

103-107

Authors: Avanthi E, Pradeep Kumar L, Lokesh BN, Yadavalli Guruprasad

Background: The objective was to evaluate and compare the effect of extract of essential oil of clove with the standard sodium valproate on MES model. Methods: A total of thirty mice were taken, they were given an electroconvulsive shock. Thirty mice were divided into five groups of six animals each, the control group received distilled water 5ml/kg i.p, standard received Inj. Sodium valproate 200 mg/kg i.p. another group received Sesame oil – 10ml/kg i.p(control), test groups received Clove oil- 0.075 ml/kg i.p., Clove oil- 0.1ml/kg i.p respectively. All the injections were given 30 minutes before the test. Results: Clove oil produced significant antiepileptic effect at all the doses. Conclusion: Clove oil has shown significant antiepileptic activity in mice

115-120

Authors: Shanta Das Sutradhar, Sushil Kumar Varma

Background: Urticaria is a very common skin condition characterized by recurrent, pruritic (itchy), pink-to-red edematous (swollen) lesions that often have pale centers (wheals). Histamine is the main mediator of urticaria and H1 antihistamines represent the initial and mainstay treatment of urticaria. The newer second generation H1 antihistamines are preferred over the older first generation H1 antihistamines as the initial choice of therapy due to its less sedating and less cholinergic side effects. Although numerous treatments are available for urticaria, there is little information about the prescription pattern for the treatment of urticaria. Hence this study was conducted. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 100 newly diagnosed and untreated patients of urticaria who attended Dermatology and Venereology outpatient department of a rural tertiary care teaching hospital. The prescriptions were collected for the duration of 18 months and details of prescription (particulars of the patient, diagnosis, name of the drugs, dose, route of administration, total duration etc.) were collected in case record forms. Results: Majority of the patients (34) belonged to the age group of 21-35years. The mean age of the patients was 34.35±15.26 years. Most of the patients were treated with oral antihistamines. Among oral antihistamines, most of the patients received 2nd generation antihistamines either as monotherapy or in combination with 1st generation antihistamines and H2 blockers. Among 2 nd generation antihistamines, fexofenadine was prescribed highest either as monotherapy or in combination with levocetirizine and cetirizine. Patients with more severe form of disease were treated with combination of oral and parenteral therapy. Further long term study is required for proper assessment of prescription pattern in urticaria patients. Conclusion: Most of the patients with urticaria can be effectively treated with Oral antihistaminic medication, and additional parenteral therapy may be required only for severe cases of acute on chronic urticaria.

127-134

Authors: Tesfaye Wolde, Behailu Bizuayehu, Tesfaye Hailemariam, Kassahun Tiruha

Introduction: Ethiopian communities highly depend on local plants to safe and sound their survival and health. Local trees are subjugated and used intensively for medicinal uses. Objective: The aim of the present study was too carried out phytochemical analysis of organic extract of Hagenia abyssinica and to find out antihelmentic property of Hagenia abyssinica. Methods: Hagenia abyssinica female flower extracts was used for plant component analysis and for determination of antihelmentic activity. Earth worm (Pheretima posthuma) strains were used for experimental purpose. Disc diffusion method was used to assess the antibacterial effect of the extracts on micro-organisms. Results: The phytochemical screening indicated the presence of flavonoids, tannins, steroid, alkaloid, saponins in all extracts. Antibacterial and antihelmentic activity of Ethanolic, Methanolic, Hexane and Petroleum Ether extract of Hagenia abyssinica female flowers was highly active against Adult earthworm (Pheritima posthuma) and active against Staphyloccoccus aureus and showed less activity against Salmonella typhi. Conclusion: The present study finally demonstrates that Hagenia abyssinica is a good source of various phytochemical such as Saponins, Phlobathanins, Flavonoids, Anthraquinones, Phenols, Terpenoids, Alkaloids, Steroids, Glycosides, Tannins. The antibacterial activity Hagenia abyssinica was clearly shown by the present study against bacteria. All these preliminary reports affirm an in depth analysis of the usefulness of Hagenia abyssinica as miracle drug against various ailments.

139-145

Authors: Girish C. Soni, PD Chaudhary, PK Sharma

Solid dispersion was aim for increasing solubility and bioavailability of poorly aqueous soluble drug aceclofenac (ACE). Solid dispersion of drug aceclofenac (NSAID) was prepared by using different polymers i.e. Polaxomer 188, PVP k30, PEG 6000, in different ratios 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, by different methods of solid dispersion preparation i.e. Physical method, solvent evaporation method, melt method. The prepared formulations was characterised by Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), In vitro dissolution studies, drug content estimation, saturation solubility. It was concluded that there is change in the crystalline form of drug into amorphous state during formation of solid dispersion. Polaxomer 188 in ratio 1:3 through melt method, it shows maximum drug release which is 99.04% in 40 minutes. It was concluded that solid dispersion formation of aceclofenac drug by using polaxomer 188 is promising approach in enhancement of its absorption rate increase bioavailability and minimising its side effects