International journal of dental and medical specialty

1-2

Authors: Ruchika Khanna

Trauma is one of the foremost causes of death worldwide. The increased knowledge of ultrasound in the diagnosis of life-threatening injuries leads to the development of focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST). The FAST is used the most common in trauma patients with blunt injuries. In trauma patients, evident bleeding may be seen without noticeable warning signs into the peritoneal, pleural, or pericardial spaces. The aim of bedside ultrasound in trauma is to distinguish rapidly free fluid (usually blood) in the peritoneal, pericardial, or pleural spaces. The FAST scan is used with diagnostic peritoneal lavage and computed tomography scan by experienced trauma surgeon’s team

5-9

Authors: Khalid Gufran , M G Indrajit , Zaid Aljeaidi , Mariam Omer Bin Hamza

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and practice regarding interdental aids among dental students. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-administered, structured, and pre-validated close ended questionnaire among dental students studying at the College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Al Kharj, and alfarabi college of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Results: Total of 752 dental students from 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th year and interns who completed the questionnaire and participated in the study. About 88.2% interns recommend brush, paste, and floss, whereas 52% the 1st year students recommended brush, paste, floss, and mouthwash. 94.1% interns and maximum percentage of students from 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th year used dental floss for removal of plaque and debris from the interproximal area, whereas 82.4% of the interns brushed their teeth twice daily. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated the knowledge and practice of interdental aids among dental students. The overall knowledge about the interdental aids, i.e. dental fl oss was good, but they had less knowledge about the other interdental aids available. The practice regarding the usage of dental fl oss improved with increasing levels of dental education. Additional comparisons should be conducted to evaluate the oral hygiene and periodontal status of those subjects including dental students and practitioners using toothbrush alone, interdental aids and a combination of toothbrush along with the interdental aids.

15-21

Authors: Kenichi Satoh, Mami Chikuda, Shigeharu Joh

Background and Objectives: Dental doctors routinely infiltrate adrenaline combined with lidocaine into the oral mucosa. However, they do not well know the physiological characteristics and mechanisms of contraction induced by adrenaline in the oral maxillofacial artery. We investigated the changes in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration by an adrenaline-induced contraction in the swine lingual artery. Materials and Methods: We prepared artery rings with denuded endothelium and simultaneously measured tension and intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). The effects of adrenaline in the presence or absence of intracellular Ca2+ on artery rings and verapamil on Ca2+ influx activated by adrenaline were assessed. Results: In the presence of intracellular Ca2+, the application of adrenaline caused a rapid increase in tension and [Ca2+ i, which then decreased slowly. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, adrenaline caused a transient increase in [Ca2+]i and tension. The application of adrenaline in the presence of extracellular Ca2+ after depletion of the intracellular Ca2+ store caused a slow increase in [Ca2+]i and tension, while co-treatment with verapamil inhibited the increases in [Ca2+]intracellular and tension was induced by adrenaline. The tension relationship obtained with adrenaline was located on the left of the [Ca2+]i-tension relation curve obtained with KCl. Conclusions: The induction of contraction may involve three mechanisms:(1) Release of Ca2+ from the intracellular store, (2) influx of extracellular Ca2+ through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, and (3) the Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile apparatus.

28-31

Authors: Shipra Singh , Anurag Saxena , Saumya Tripathi , Prashant Singh , Harmurti Singh , Amiya Agrawal

Hypertrophy is related to an enlargement caused by a growth in the size but not in the number of cells. Generalized masticatory muscle hypertrophy may affect the temporalis muscle, masseters, and medial pterygoids in a variety of combinations. Masseter hypertrophy is recognized as a rare disorder and persistent asymptomatic enlargement of one or both masseter muscles. Etiology for benign masseteric hypertrophy is unknown in most of the cases so considered as idiopathic. Although numerous factors such as facial asymmetry, trismus, protrusion, bruxism, clenching, malocclusion, or temporomandibular disorders have been reported on the basis of clinical examination and cited previous literatures but have not proven still. This article reports a case of unilateral benign masseter hypertrophy with retrognathic mandible in which surgical intervention was rendered to the patient by using a combination approach.