Journal of Exercise Science & Physiotherapy

25-37

Authors: Bebeley, Samuel Joseph; Yi-gang, Wu; Yang, Liu

This study was conducted to investigate the prime prevention strategies in slowing ageing process amongst Njala University, Njala Campus Athletes in Njala, Southern Sierra Leone. The significance of the study is to investigate the athlete’s knowledge in preventing sports injuries like: Achilles Tendonitis (AT), Runner’s Knee (RK)/Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) and Shin Splints (SS), as prime prevention strategies in slowing ageing process. A total of one hundred and fifty athletes (n=150) mainly undergraduates [(95 male representing 63% and 55 female representing 37%; 70 Christians representing 47% {40 male Christians representing 27% & 30 female Christians representing 20%} and 80 Muslims representing 53% {55 male Muslims representing 36.6% & 25 female Muslims representing 16.6%}; 10 married representing 7% {6 male married representing 4% & 4 female married representing 3%} and 140 single representing 93% {89 male single representing 59% & 51 female single representing 34%}; 100 from South-East representing 67% {65 male representing 43.3% & 35 female representing 23.3%} and 50 from North-West representing 33% {30 male representing 20% & 20 female representing 13%})] were randomly selected without replacement from four Schools [(65 from School of Agriculture & Environmental Science representing 43% {40 male representing 26.6% & 25 female representing 16.6%}, 85 from School of Education & Technology representing 57% {55 male representing 37% & 30 female representing 20%})] at four levels [(125 from level 100-200 representing 83% {80 male representing 53% & 45 female representing 30%}, 25 from level 300-400 representing 17% {15 male representing 10% & 10 female representing 7%})], 90 within the age range of (18-25) representing 60% {60 male representing 40% & 30 female representing 20%} and 60 within the age range from (26-30+) representing 40% {35 male representing 23% & 25 female representing 17%}in years. The Dependent t-test (t) was used to compare the results of the findings. The results were tested @ p < 0.05 level of significance. Analysis of results from athletes’ knowledge in preventing sports injuries like: Achilles Tendinitis (AT), Runner’s Knee (RK)/Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) and Shin Splints (SS), show one third (1/3) of significance difference (t value = 4.873) when tested @ p < 0.05 with a constant value {c} of 2.571 and two third (2/3) of insignificance difference (t values = -4.949 and -1.112) when tested @ p < 0.05 with constant value {c} of 2.571 using the degree of freedom equals five (i.e. df = 5) between the ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ answers given by NUNC athletes. This can also be witnessed in the frequency distribution tables, percentages and mean values. In conclusion, the finding shows that Njala University, Njala Campus (NUNC) athletes were experienced in the knowledge of prime prevention strategy in slowing the ageing process of athletes with respect to preventing sports injury like: Runner’s Knee (RK)/Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS), but minimum or little knowledge about preventing sports injuries like: Achilles Tendinitis (AT) and Shin Splints (SS). In recommendation, the most effective approach in improving athlete’s knowledge in preventing sports injuries like: Achilles Tendonitis (AT), Runner’s Knee (RK)/Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) and Shin Splints (SS), as prime prevention strategy in slowing ageing process amongst NUNC athletes is by giving them compulsory seminars, workshops, screening and remedial measures before and after any intra and extramural competitions.

42-56

Authors: Bebeley Samuel Joseph; Yi-gang, Wu; Yang, Liu

This study was aimed at the primary prevention strategy in minimizing the process of ageing among Njala campus athletes. The rationale of the study is to evaluate the knowledge of Njala campus athletes about abstinence from diseases associated with unsafe sexual practices such as human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome {Hiv/Aids}, gonorrhoea {Gr} and syphilis {Sp}, aimed as primary prevention strategy in minimizing the process of ageing. The participants with a quantum of one hundred and fifty {n=150} for the study were mainly athletes within the undergraduate sector of the university of which, 63% were male {n=95} and 37% were female {n=55}; 27% Christian-male {n=40} and 20% Christian-female {n=30}; 36.6% Muslim-male {n=55} and 16.6% Muslim-female {n=25}; 4% married-male {n=6} and 3% married-female {n=4}; 59% single-male {n=89} and 34% single-female {n=51}; 43.3% south/east-male {n=65} and 23.3% south/east-female {n=35}; 20% north/west-male {n=30} and 13% north/west-female {n=20}, were randomly sampled from four schools using the systematic random sampling i.e. 26.6% male {n=40} from school of agriculture/environmental science and 16.6% female {n=25} from school of agriculture/environmental science; 37% male {n=55} from school of education/technology and 20% female {n=30} from school of education/technology. Also randomly sampled from four levels were 53% male {n=80} from {100-200} levels and 30% female {n=45} from {100-200} levels; 10% male {n=15} from {300-400} levels and 7% female {n=10} from {300-400} levels; 40% male {n=60} were ranked within {18-25} years and 20% female {n=30} were ranked within {18-25} years; 23% male {n=35} were ranked within {26-30+} years and 17% female {n=25} were ranked within {26-30+} years. The results were compared using the dependent t-test {t} and scaled @ p < 0.05 level of significance. Analysis of results about abstinence from diseases associated with unsafe sexual practices such as human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (hiv/aids), gonorrhoea (gr) and syphilis (sp), indicate a holistic significance differences are highlighted. Conclusion: the results indicate that Njala campus athletes did display professional experience about primary prevention strategic knowledge of minimizing the process of ageing with special reference to abstinence from diseases associated with unsafe sexual practices such as human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome {Hiv/Aids}, gonorrhoea {Gr} and syphilis {Sp. This study therefore recommends that availability and accessibility of training workshops, seminars and clinical test be given readily and frequently to Njala Campus Athletes prior to any intercollegiate competitions.

69-75

Authors: Bedi, Parneet Kaur; & Narkeesh, Arumugam

Context/Objective: To examine the effect of Surface Spinal Stimulation with varied beat frequency on muscle fibre recruitment in lower limb in Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury. Design: Interventional Study. Setting: Department of Physiotherapy, Punjabi University Patiala, Punjab, India. Interventions: Surface Spinal Stimulation (SSS) was delivered at the T 10 –L1 vertebral level with the adhesive electrodes placed para-vertebrally on each side of spine, 5 cm apart. Rectangular self-adhesive electrodes of size 4.5 cm * 9 cm were used. The electrical stimulations had an amplitude modulated Alternating Current (AC), with a carrier frequency of 2500 Hz, modulated to “beat” frequency of 30 Hz,50 Hz,70 Hz and 90Hz .Stimulation amplitude was raised to elicit sensory stimulation. Outcome Measure: Surface Electromyography (EMG) was used to assess the alterations in muscle fibre recruitment of various muscle groups. Pre/Post Test design was adopted. Results: Pre to Post test SSS values changed significantly with all the varied beat frequencies. Conclusion: This case study showed that the SSS, similar to epidural stimulation can be used in enhancing muscle recruitment, without negatively impacting residual motor control in incomplete SCI. Further studies are required to explore more about this non invasive method of tapping the neural circuitry.

81-86

Authors: Singh, Baljinder; Kumar, Ashok; and Ranga, M.D.

The present study was conducted on 30 male players (fifteen male hockey players; age: 16.80 ± 1.52 years & fifteen male football players; age: 16.13 ± 0.83 years) comprising of inmates of Sports Training Centre, scheme of Sports Authority of India and players training under the guidance of Punjab State coaches in Patiala (India). The experimental protocol developed by Bosco et al., (1983) and Mcguigan et al., (2006) were used to measure the vertical jump performance of male hockey and football players. Test of significance of the differences was applied and data was judged at 0.01 and 0.05 level of significance. The analysis of data shows that the male hockey players performed better in vertical jump test parameters like the squat jump flight time, squat jump height, counter movement jump height, counter movement flight time, Eccentric Utilization Ratio (EUR), Elasticity Index (EI) than the male football players. But male football players performed better in continuous vertical jump test (60sec) parameters like Peak Power (0-15sec), Peak Power (45-60sec) and Mean Power (0-60sec), as compared to male hockey players.

94-98

Authors: Jyoti, Karol; Gauri; Jagga, Vinay

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of stability trainer on dynamic balance in patients with distal sensory diabetic neuropathy (DSDN). Thirty subjects of both genders were divided into 2 groups. Experimental group received 45 minutes conventional physiotherapy & 15 minutes balance training on stability trainer while control group received 45 minutes of conventional physiotherapy. Results: There was significant difference between pre to post readings of DGI & TUG in both groups with overall percentage of DGI 24.5% & TUG 31.89% in experimental group and DGI 12.94% & TUG 11.82% in the control group. In pre to follow up readings there was significant difference with DGI 14.56% &TUG 30.31% in experimental Group and DGI 7.46% & TUG 6.94% in control group. Conclusion: It was concluded that training on stability trainer with conventional physiotherapy is more effective than conventional physiotherapy alone, in improving dynamic balance.