Journal of Exercise Science & Physiotherapy

60-69

Authors: Juneja, H.; Verma, S.K.; Khanna, G.L.

Study Design: Systematic Literature Review Objective: 1) to identify the overall trends of association of isometric strength and dynamic activities 2) to summarize the findings of reported literature on the relationship of Isometric strength and dynamic performance. Background: Isometric Strength measures have been used for many years to predict dynamic performance but there are considerable controversies regarding the potential of isometric muscle assessments to predict dynamic performance. Although researches have been conducted to study the relationship, it is important that the current available literature be reviewed to summarize the findings for clinical use. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to identify the published studies that correlated the Isometric and dynamic variables. Studies were searched using electronic databases and the methodological quality of each study was assessed using the modified Downs and Black 13 point criteria. Results: Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Marked difference in the methodology and variables used for isometric and dynamic activities were observed. Most studies correlated isometric strength assessments to dynamic activities or dynamic strength measurements. Discussion & Conclusion: Although there are conflicting opinions regarding the use of isometric measurements, most studies in our review report moderate to strong correlation between Isometric strength and dynamic performances specially those which involve large amounts of force and explosive power. Keywords: Isometric, dynamic, strength, power, performance, methodological quality

78-87

Authors: Debnath, U.; Narkeesh, A.; & Raghumahanti, R.

Proprioception is the awareness of the body position, orientation, movement and sensation of force. Proprioception is necessary to establish an accurate, efficient and coordinated response of efferent system to the demands of environment. As an evaluation is important to establish the goal of intervention in any patient, so an integrated proprioceptive assessment tool is required to examine proprioception deficit qualitatively and quantitatively. There are no evidences found, regarding an integrated approach of evaluating proprioception. In this study an integrated proprioceptive assessment scale was formulated covering all possible and related proprioceptive testing methods. The mean and SD was taken for each quantitative testing procedure documented and furthermore the test-retest reliability for each new measurement procedure was tested. The sensitivity, validity and the reliability of the scale was examined. Key words: Angular error, Distance error, Proprioception score, Integrated Scale, Reliability, Sensitivity, Validity

91-93

Authors: Gothi, J. L.; Silawat, N.; And Savalia, J.

The present study has been conducted with a view to investigate the trend of academic research in Physical Education in Indian Universities, submitted by Post-Graduate students during their master's programme. In this research, it was found that though the academic research made in various Indian Universities has been centered on individual practice, yet research title have been transformed from theoretical translation to step in an intensive study on objective facts. This study was conducted on master‟s dissertations submitted by the Post-Graduate students during their master‟s programme in various Indian Universities for their academic purposes. Key words: Physiology, Psychology and Sports Training

102-105

Authors: Jadhav, K.G.; Deshmukh, P.N.; Tuppekar, R.P.; and Sinku, S.K.

The primary objectives of the study was to qualitify the injuries of varsity volleyball players and to determine the nature, location, causes, outcome of injuries and the possible risk factors involved. Information on injuries was collected through a questionnaire from members of twelve Indian varsity teams participating in all India Inter Varsity tournament held in Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad Maharashtra in December 2007. The age range of the players was 18 to 25 years. 58% of players were in the age range of 22 to 25 years. The volleyball players were asked to recall injuries over the preceding one year period. A total of 121 out of 144 volleyball players sustained injuries. One hundred seventy eight injuries were recorded of which 36% injuries were of recurrent nature. Lower limb injuries were found to be predominant; the ankle and knee being the most commonly injured anatomical location. Most injuries involved soft tissue and related to the muscle and tendon. Most common circumstances giving rise to injuries were spiking (33.70%), blocking (24.15%), diving (17.41%) and setting (11.23%). It was further observed that volleyball players directly involved in attack or defense were found to be more susceptible to injury. Muscle injuries were observed to be the most common type. Spiking is the most common cause of injuries. The results of the research provide a useful insight into the nature, incidence and sites of injuries in varsity level volleyball players. Key Words: Job Satisfaction, Government Schools, Private Schools, Public Schools

112-119

Authors: Sakshi; Multani, N.K.

Purpose- To determine the comparison of effects of breathing exercise with aerobic exercise training on lung volumes of asthmatic children. Need of the Study-Children suffering from asthma lead a less active lifestyle. Avoidance of day to day triggers such as exercise and cold air generally imposes inappropriate restriction on life. This results in weakness of primary respiratory muscles and overuse of accessory muscles in breathing. There are also abnormal changes in lung volumes. These impairments or abnormal changes are associated with decreased tolerance to exercise, frequent episodes of dyspnea, decreased walking speed and distance, and eventual inability to perform activities of daily living at home or in workplace or to remain active participant in the community. The present study was conducted to compare the role of breathing exercise with that of aerobic exercise in the patients of asthma. The study has also explored physiological capacities of lung in these patients. Method- The sample size of forty subjects was taken to perform the study. The subjects were divided in two groups of twenty each. One group was given breathing exercise intervention and other group was given aerobic exercise intervention. Before and after the intervention period, the child was investigated with spirometeric analysis to find out the changes in the lung volumes after the effect of exercises in each group. Both exercises interventions were administrated four 6 weeks period. Results- The overall improvement of lung function was significantly more in aerobic exercise interventions than breathing exercise interventions. Conclusions- The breathing exercise intervention was effective in improving the lung volumes in asthmatic children. The aerobic exercise intervention was also effective in improving the lung volumes in asthmatic children. However, the quantum of reduction in lung obstruction and therefore, the overall improvement in lung functions was found to be more significant with the aerobic exercise intervention than breathing exercise intervention. Keywords: Asthma, Aerobic exercises, Breathing exercises, Spirometry, Lung Volumes

126-129

Authors: Leena, L.

The purpose of clinical study is reimplantation technique used in the treatment of an avulsive teeth case. This case report is related to an avulsed tooth and its management in case of a 17 year old female gymnast player. A 17 year old girl reported to the dental clinic with swelling of upper lip and displacement of upper right central incisor and avulsion of left lateral incisor. She got the injury while she was doing gymnastics. She had lost her upper left central incisor at the gymnastic ground. Clinical examination showed swelling of upper lip, laceration on lower chin, displaced right upper central incisor, avulsed left lateral incisor and missing left central incisor. Tooth reimplantation was carried out by rinsing the avulsed tooth carefully with saline and all the contaminants were removed. The socket was then flushed with saline and the avulsed tooth was slowly reimplanted with digital pressure. Splinting of the avulsed tooth was done with a semi rigid splint for 4 weeks. Antibiotic coverage was given to the patient. Root canal treatment of the left lateral incisor and right central incisor was done. Splint was removed after 4 weeks. The avulsed teeth were placed back into the socket with the help of finger pressure. Patient was advised to avoid biting on the splinted teeth and continue to brush the other teeth, only soft foods were advised to be eaten and refrain from acidic beverage consumption. After 4 weeks the splint was removed. The results of the treatment were teeth remained symptomless and showed no sign of discoloration, gum abscesses, pulp death, teeth pain and root resorption. Key words: Gymnast player, Avulsed tooth, Incisor, Reimplantation, Splinting

1-6

Authors: Venugopal, R., Gupta, O. and Patel, H.

The present study was undertaken to asses selected time of day effect on different parameters like oral temperature, respiratory rate, finger counting, time estimation, random number adding speed & random adding ratio. The parameters were recorded four times a day i.e. 07.00, 11.00, 15.00 & 19.00 hours for consecutive 4-7 days. Most performance measures were observed to show a natural sway during the solar day in close correspondence with curve in body temperature. Peak in oral temperature recorded at pm hours resembled the peak of respiratory rate that was also recorded at the same time. The detection of circadian rhythimicity in oral temperature; heart as well as self rating mood and activity all with acrophase between 14.20 and 16.28 hrs. It is thought that there are two major rhythms which have relevance for exercise and sports performance. These are the rhythm in body temperature regarded as fundamental variables and sleep-wake cycle by which humans order their work-rest and sleeping schedules. Key Words: Circadian Rhythm, Oral Temperature, Respiratory Rate, Pulse Rate, Skin Temperature

22-27

Authors: Mridha, S.; & Banerjee, A. K.

Number of elderly people is increasing very fast than any other segment of our population. They face many problems due to various reasons. Their sufferings are intensified by fixed and reduced income, dispersal of children and fellow friends, and loss of social support. The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of one-year exercise programme on psychological state of elderly people. Twenty male subjects in each of the three groups (Group-A:60-69 years, Group-B:50-59 years and Group-C:40-49 years) were the subjects of this study. Each group sub-divided into one experimental group (N=10) and one control group (N=10). All experimental groups (AE, BE & CE) underwent into individual specific exercise programme (50-70 min/session, 5 sessions/week for one year). Exercise programme consisted of suppling exercise, jogging/walking, stretching, and cool-down exercise. Control groups (AC, BC & CC) did not take part in any physical activity programme. Psychological state was measured by Anxiety (Spielberger‟s State-Trait anxiety Inventory, 1970) and Depression (Depression Scale – Karim & Tiwary, 1986). Pre- and post-tests were conducted before and after one- year experimental period. Intra- and inter-group comparisons (pre- and post-test data) were made by paired and independent t-test and level of significance was set at 0.05 level of confidence. It was observed after that after one-year experimental period state anxiety and depression level reduced significantly (p<0.05) in all experimental groups and trait anxiety significantly reduced in AE & CE groups. And in control groups trait anxiety and depression of three groups and state anxiety of AC & CC increased significantly after one-year duration. Therefore it may be concluded that regular moderate physical exercise can reduce and maintain psychological state of elderly people. Key Words: Elderly People, Psychological State

34-38

Authors: Singh, A., Kaur, P. Singh, T.

The present study was design to examine the joint contribution of Spiritual Intelligence, Altruism, School Environment and Academic Achievement for predicting Mental Health of senior secondary school students. Total 934 students of class +1 (mean age 16.4 Years) studying in schools affiliated to Punjab School Education Board were taken as sample. Mental Health Battery (2000) developed by Singh and Sen Gupta; Spiritual Intelligence scale (2006) developed by Singh, Altruism scale (1988) developed by Rai and Singh; School Environment inventory (2002) prepared by Misra were used to collect data. Result through multiple correlation and regression analysis revealed that Type of school, Spiritual Intelligence, Altruism, rejection (dimension of School Environment) and control(dimension of School Environment) were the significant predictor of Mental Health; and gender, location of residence, creative stimulation, cognitive encouragement, acceptance, permissiveness and Academic Achievement were not significant predictors of Mental Health. Key Words: Mental Health, Spiritual Intelligence, Altruism, School Environment and Academic Achievement

43-49

Authors: Sharma, R. K.;, Nigam, A. K.

The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the physiological variables in relation to performance of elite male and female gymnasts of inter-university level. The subjects of the study were sixty three elite male and female gymnasts (males = 32, females= 31) of inter-university level belong to different cultural background of India and who represented their respective university teams in All India Inter-university Gymnastics Championships at Amritsar. Blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) and the heart rate, winning performance scores of elite male and female gymnasts were chosen as the criterion measures for the study. The results of the study indicated that both blood pressure and heart rate of elite male and female gymnasts were raised after the performance on competitive apparatus. There was no correlation between competitive performance of both gender and selected physiological parameters. Significant differences existed between pre-test and post-test heart rate, both blood pressure of elite female gymnasts of inter-university level, but similarity was found in the pre-test and post-test of systolic blood pressure in elite male gymnasts. Elite male and female gymnasts of inter-university level had similarity in their post-test heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, but similarity was found in the pre-test of heart rate in elite female gymnasts. Keywords: Elite, Performance, Gender, parameters, Tests.

57-59

Authors: Verma, L.

Dental emergency can happen to anyone but the athletes, both children and adults-are particularly susceptible to injuries, including those on the face, mouth and teeth. From a pain stand point, and an economic stand point it becomes an aesthetic problem and a financial problem; they have to go through many procedures to get this whole thing corrected. In the present study a case of eight year old male child with fractured upper two central incisors in an angular fashion, involving incisal half of one and incisal third of other is presented. Treatment was carried out by composite build up of the fractured segment by using composite resins. The patient was recalled at three months for clinical evaluation of the restored tooth. During the recall appointment, an assessment of the stability and longevity of the restoration was performed. Color stability, surface staining, or fracture of the composite build-up material were evaluated and found to be acceptable. The patient had no complaints about the restoration. Dentists provide trauma treatment if and when unfortunate sports-related injuries affecting the mouth, teeth and other oral tissues do occur. Keywords: Incisor, Restoration, Composite Build up Material