Journal of Exercise Science & Physiotherapy

67-75

Authors: Parvatikar, V.B.; and Mukkannavar, P.B.

This study investigated the effect of shoulder, elbow positions with respect to wrist positioned in neutral and in extension in 25 males and 25 females. A hydraulic dynamometer was used to measure the grip strength in six testing positions with respect to wrist positioned in neutral and in extension. The six grip strength tests consisted of three positions in which the elbow was maintained in full extension with varying degrees of shoulder flexion (00, 900 and 1800) and other three positions where the elbow was maintained in 900 flexion combined with varying degrees of shoulder flexion (00, 900 and 1800). Only the dominant hand was tested. The highest mean grip strength score was recorded when the shoulder was positioned in 1800 of flexion with elbow in complete extension with respect to wrist being positioned in neutral (30.20 ± 8.74) and wrist in extension (25.44 ± 7.51), while the lowest mean grip strength score was recorded when shoulder was positioned in 1800 flexion with elbow 900 flexion with respect to wrist being positioned in neutral (21.92 ± 7.45) and wrist in extension (19.40 ± 6.21). Finally grip strength differed significantly for both sexes and study showed males have greater grip strength than females with respect to wrist being positioned in neutral and in extension. In essence, our study affirms that various joint positions can affect grip strength, especially elbow and shoulder joints with respect to wrist positions (neutral and extension). Clinically useful information may be derived from these findings and are valuable in evaluation and rehabilitation training of hand injured patients Key Words: Grip Strength, Hand Strength Testing, Shoulder Position, Elbow Position, Wrist Position

80-86

Authors: Kulandaivelan, S.; Verma, S.K.,; Mukhopadhyay, S.; Singh, V.; Kumar, D;. and Kumar, U. 80

The study was conducted on 14 Haryana state level junior judo players to find out the effectiveness of Russian current stimulation as a recovery modality following exhaustive exercise on heart rate, temperature, blood lactate and blood pressure. Each subject was asked to do 20-m shuttle run test until exhaustion for three times with one week gap in between. After shuttle test, each subject underwent the following three recovery interventions, between 3-33 min, in a systematic random order. Recovery I: passive recovery where the subject was asked to sit for 33 minutes. Recovery II: active recovery where the subject was asked to walk/run at 60% maximal heart rate (MHR) between 3-33 minutes. Recovery III: electrical stimulation where the subject received Russian current (50 hz, 10 sec on: 50 sec off) for 5 min i.e. 3rd to 8th min and 18th to 23rd min of recovery with interspersed 10 min rest in between. Heart rate, temperature, blood lactate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure was recorded before the shuttle test and 3rd, 8th, 18th, 23rd and 33rd minutes of recovery period. ANOVA repeated measures (with- in subjects) was used to see the effect of electrical stimulation on physiological parameters in different timings and ANOVA (between subjects) to compare the electrical stimulation with active and passive recovery. Significant level was set at „0.05‟ (p<0.05). Results showed electrical stimulation produced increased heart rate but not significantly, when compared to passive recovery but significantly less when compared to active recovery. Russian current also significantly increased the blood lactate level when it compared to both active and passive recovery values at regular intervals. Active recovery produced significantly lesser body temperature and lactate as well as significantly higher systolic blood pressure when compared to both passive and electrical stimulation modalities. It is concluded that electrical stimulation results in increased blood lactate production without much changes in other physiological parameters. Keywords: Russian Current, Blood Lactate, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, Shuttle Run

91-96

Authors: Mukhopadhyay, K.; and. Uppal, A.K.

The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of 12 weeks of interval training with 60-80% intensity for 5-15 repetitions of 400meters on left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end diastolic volumes (LVEDV), left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD) and left ventricular end systolic volumes (LVESV) of adolescent males. Echocardiographic measurements in athletes should take into account the specific sport and the quantity and quality of training. Sixteen non-residential untrained male subjects (8 Experimental & 8 Control) ranging between 14-16 years were selected for the study. Before the 12 weeks training protocol two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography was performed for measuring LVEDD, LVESD, LVEDV and LVESV of adolescent boys. Changes in all the parameters were insignificant in case of control group as the initial and final test means yielded lesser values than the tabulated value. The initial and final test means of LVEDD and LVEDV of the experimental group were 44.75cm, 45.5cm and 91.75ml and 95.38ml respectively and the mean difference were insignificant (p>0.05) whereas, „t‟ value of LVESD and LVESV of the experimental group were 3.77 (p <.05) and 3.64 (p <.05) respectively. The result indicates that the 12 weeks interval training was effective for significant reduction of LVESD and LVESV values of the adolescent boys. Key wards: LVEDD, LVESD, LVEDV and LVESV.

106-110

Authors: Singh, R.; Sharma, R.K.; and Kaur, J.

In this study, an attempt was made to compare job satisfaction among Physical Education teachers working in different types of schools such as government, private and public schools in the state of Haryana. It was hypothesized that there would be significant difference among government private and public school physical education teachers as regards to their job satisfaction. In order to achieve the objective of the study, Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS) by developed by Singh and Sharma was administered on a sample of total 300 physical education teachers working in the state of Haryana. Out of these, the teachers working in government schools numbered 116 whereas from private and public school category, 92 teachers each were taken for the purpose of the study. Results of the study showed that significant differences in job satisfaction existed among the three categories of the teachers. It was found that government school physical education teachers differed significantly from their counterparts in public schools whereas this difference was not found to be significant between government and private school teachers and also between private and public school physical education teachers. Key Words: Job Satisfaction, Government Schools, Private Schools, Public Schools

115-121

Authors: Sibby, George Mathew, Narasimman, Kavitha Vishal , S.

Upper trapezius trigger point is a common cause for neck pain, decreased cervical range of motion and affects functional activities. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibitory Technique (INIT) and, Laser with stretching in reducing pain, improving ROM and functional activities of subjects with neck pain due to upper trapezius trigger points. Twenty-two subjects diagnosed with upper trapezius trigger point were included in the study. Seventeen subjects completed the study, in two groups. Group A (7 females, 3 males) received INIT and Group B (6 females, 1 male) received Laser with stretching. The total number of treatment was six days alternatively, within two weeks. The outcome measures were taken before and after treatment. Outcomes were measured by Visual numeric scale, cervical range of motion and neck disability index (NDI).Within the groups the VNS, NDI and cervical lateral flexion showed significant change in the mean value. The comparison of pre and post VNS in Group A, there was a significant reduction in VNS with a p value which was significant (p = 0.005).The pre and post VNS in group B showed a significant reduction in VNS, (p = 0.018), though there was no significant difference in the VNS score between groups (p=.166). The pre and post left lateral flexion (LLF) in Group A and group B showed a significant increase (p = 0.012) and (p = 0.027) respectively. NDI exhibited reduction across both the groups with a significant difference between the groups (p=.045) .This study concluded that both INIT and Laser with stretching are equally effective in managing subjects with neck pain due to upper trapezius trigger point. Key Words: Myofascial pain, Trigger point, INIT, Trigger point pressure release, PRT, MET, LASER

126-131

Authors: Sakthivelavan, D.S.; & Sumathilatha, S.

The study was aimed at comparing the aerobic capacity in endurance trained and resistance trained athletes. Thirty male athletes who received endurance training and thirty male athletes who received resistance training for a period of more than 1 year were chosen for the study. Physical parameters were measured and exercise stress testing was done on a cycle ergometer with a portable gas analyzing system. Functional capacity (FC) as percentage of predicted V．O2max was measured to study the aerobic capacity. Highly significant (P<0.001) differences existed in values of FC for endurance trained and resistance trained athletes. The higher aerobic capacity displayed by the endurance trained when compared to resistance trained athletes could be due to variations in adaptations that happen in them due to different types of training protocols. The levels of aerobic capacity reported from athletes abroad are higher compared to our athletes and this could prove to be a potential area of improvement for their much awaited superior performance in international arena. Key words: Endurance training, Resistance training, Functional capacity, VO2max.

138-141

Authors: Kadam, G.; Autade, M.; and Kadam, K.

The main objective was to study and compare the Emotional Health of the volleyball players of India and Brazil. All the players of Indian team and the players of Brazilian team who came for men Volleyball world Championship held at Pune in August 2009, were selected for the study. They were administered the Cattell‟s 16 PF questionnaire. The result were analyzed with the help of „t‟ test which shows that there are significant differences between Indian volleyball players and Brazilian volleyball players on emotional factors of 16 PF Questionnaire. Indian players have scored high on factor „E‟, factor „F‟, factor „I‟ and Factor „O‟ whereas Brazilian players have scored high on factor „H‟ and factor „L‟. Indian players score High on Factor „E‟ means that they tend to be Dominant, assertive, aggressive, stubborn, competitive, bossy, dominant, and on Factor „F‟ means Enthusiastic, spontaneous, heedless, expressive, cheerful, surgency and Factor „I‟ means Tender-minded, sensitive, over-protected, intuitive, and Factor „O‟ means Apprehensive, self blamed, guilt-prone, insecure and worrying. The players of both the team have found comparable scores on Factor „A‟ and „C‟. Key words: Volleyball, emotional health, psychological health, game, sport,

1-13

Authors: Nande, P.; Mudafale, V.; & Vali, S.

The present study was undertaken to assess micronutrient status of female & male players engaged in different sports disciplines. For this purpose, university & / state level players aged 19 – 22 years were selected. Total 13 females & 46 males were chosen. 24 hour‟s dietary recall method was used to collect information on food habits, meal timings & dietary pattern of subjects. Biochemical parameters such as hemoglobin %, blood pressure & pulse rate were examined. The results revealed that irrespective of sex & sports, mean intakes of thiamine, riboflavin, folic acid, calcium & phosphorus were found to be less than their respective recommended dietary allowances (RDAS). In contrast, mean daily intakes of carotene & vitamin c among players were found to be significantly exceeding the rdas (p<0.01). Players met only 50 % of their requirements for iron. Poor micro nutrient intake could possibly be attributed to the skipping of meals & training & college schedule of players. Mean hemoglobin % of majority groups of players were found to be exceeding the cut off level given by world health organization (who). Systolic blood pressure & diastolic blood pressure values were recorded to be closer to the normal values. Majority of groups of players showed mean pulse rate insignificantly above the normal value of 70 beats / minute (p>0.05). Key words: Micronutrient Status, Thiamine, Riboflavin, Calcium, Phosphorus, Iron, Carotene, Vitamin C, RDA, WHO

20-23

Authors: Chaudhary, S., Narkeesh, A. Gupta, N.

This was an experimental study done on 60 female subjects between the age group of 18-25 years to determine the effect of hand dominance on cognition. The subjects were selected through convenient sampling by using inclusion and exclusion criteria and were divided in two groups viz - Group A (comprising of right handed individuals) and Group-B (comprising of left handed individuals). Both the groups were assessed for their cognitive functions i.e. attention, memory and learning using Trail Making Test, modified MMSE and VAK learning questionnaire. Data was analyzed using independent „t‟ test and descriptive statistics. The left handers were found to be better in performing memory and attention tasks as compared to the right handers. Majority of left handers were found to have auditory learning style while majority of right handers were found to have visual learning styles. Keywords: Hand Dominance, Cognitive Functions, Attention, Memory, Learning

30-33

Authors: Kulandaivelan, S.. Verma, S.K., Vignesh, N.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the test-retest reliability and day-to-day precision of a hand-held Blood Lactate Analyzer. Blood lactate levels were evaluated on 12 samples of human beings and blood was collected from both ring and middle finger for test-retest reliability. Day-to-day precision was determined by known concentration of two aqueous lactate control solutions once a day for 10 consecutive days. Results showed high test-retest reliability (r = 0.948; mean 2.41±0.86 in ring and 2.45±0.76 in middle finger) and high day-to-day reliability (r = 0.998; mean 1.1±0.08 in low control and 4.28±0.24 in high control solution). The results were similar to those previously reported. The results of this study support the use of the hand-held device in healthy human beings. Key Words: Test-Retest, Reliability, Blood Lactate, Portable Analyzer

38-41

Authors: Sandhu, K.S., Sharma, R.K. and Singh, A.

The study was conducted on 400 coaches of different sports disciplines between the age range of 30 to 55 years and having coaching experience of 5 to 25 years. The objectives of the study were to study the three dimensions of personality hardiness i.e. commitment, control and challenge among coaches in respect to their age level and to know the significant differences on three dimensions of personality hardiness among coaches of different levels of coaching experience. The coaches of the present sample were divided into three age groups i.e. coaches up to the age of 35 years (N=41); coaches between 35 to 45 years (N=199) and coaches above 45 years (N=160). The short version of Hardiness scale developed by Kobasa et al (1982) was used to assess the hardiness of the subjects. The comparison of the mean scores of three groups of coaches formed on the basis of their age level reveal that as age increases, the commitment of the coaches also go on increasing. The same trend was observed in case of control; the coaches above 45 years in age have better control (M=38.74) as compared to younger coaches up to 35 years (M=36.10) and coaches of 35 to 45 years (M=37.80). In the case of challenge, of course, the same trend is followed, however the results were not found to be significant statistically. Coaches were also compared on the three dimensions of personality hardiness on the basis of experience level of the coaches. Coaches were divided into three groups i.e. coaches having experience up to 10 years (N=36), between 10 to 20 years (N=206) and above 20 years (N=158). Comparison of means scores indicate that as experience of the coaches was increasing, their commitment level was also increasing. Keywords: Commitment, Control, Challenge, Age level, Coaching experience

45-49

Authors: Kaur, I. P.; and Kalra, R

The present investigation was undertaken to study the life style and nutritional profile of NIDDM patients. A representative group of 60 respondents belonging to different cities of punjab was selected. General information, dietary information, information about consumption of traditional food adjuncts like bittergourd, jambu and fenugreek seeds, diabetic history and activity pattern was collected. Height, weight and body mass index (BMI) were taken and food intake was recorded by 24 hour recall method. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels at the time of diagnosis of disease and prevailing ones at the time of survey were noted from reports of diagnostic laboratories. Observations showed that the majority of respondents were overweight and over 40 years of age with FBS levels of 200-300 mg/dl at the time of diagnosis. All respondents had general awareness regarding control of diabetes. Majority was consulting doctors, dieticians, was regular in walk and other exercises and was consuming glucose lowering food adjuncts. About 50% maintained fair to good control over diabetes. Data showed a definite decrease in their FBS levels. Mean daily intakes of energy and other essential nutrients except iron were adequate. Findings of study indicate that by modifying diet and life style one can maintain fair control over diabetes. Key Words: Fasting Blood Sugar, BMI, Obese, Traditional Food Adjuncts, Food Habits

56-61

Authors: Sindhu, J.S.

The study was conducted on 100 boxers and 100 athletes in the age range of 15-25 years to compare their anthropometric characteristics. The subjects were taken from various colleges of Punjab namely Guru Kanshi College, Nehru Memorial College, Mansa, Barjindra Co]lege, Faridkot, Rajindra College, Bhatinda. The results of the study in general reveal that boxers are bulky, taller and heavier than athletes; the significant differences however were noted in chest circumference between the two groups. Boxers in general are found to possess more deposition of subcutaneous fat in the regions of biceps, triceps and calf than the athletic group. However in statistical terms it is significant only in the triceps and calf regions. Comparison has also been made between senior and junior athletes and boxers by dividing the subjects into 15-20 and 20-25 year age groups. Key Words: Body Weight, Height, Circumferences, Skinfold Thickness