Journal of Exercise Science & Physiotherapy

71-75

Authors: Moradichaleshtori, M.; Salimi, A.; and Safari, A.

The goal of this study was to assess the effects of amount of ergometer cycle training on Vo2max and body composition in overweight women. Forty-one sedentary premenopausal women, age 25 to 45 years, were randomly assigned in three groups. Cycle ergometer training consisted of one day per week for group A, two days per week for group B and three days per week for group C. Participants trained for 60 min in any session with moderate intensity (50-60% Vo2max) for 12 weeks. Participants were counseled not to change their diet during the study period. There were no significant differences among variables in three groups at baseline. Means (±SD) of weight, body fat, WHR, BMI and Vo2max in groups were 67.43±9.54kg, 31.56±4.6 percent, 0.82±0.05, 25.54±4.16 kg/m2 and 31.72±7.2 ml.kg-1min-1 respectively. After 12 weeks, ANOVA test indicated there were significant differences among mean body composition among the three groups. Use of Tukey post-hoc tests showed that difference in theses groups is because of group C. Paired ‘t’ test showed that there was significant difference between mean body composition (p<0.01) in group C. Vo2max in group B and C improved 12% and 21% (p<0.01) respectively with ergometer training. But in group A it was not changed significantly. These findings indicate that the three days in week with 60 min of moderate-intensity, cycle ergometer training is sufficient to improve body composition and Vo2max in over weight women. With two days training i.e. 120 min in a week only, Vo2max improved. The results indicate that two days regular training improves Vo2max in overweight women without change in body composition. With less of amount of physical activity neither body composition nor Vo2max improve significantly. These findings strongly suggest that, in the absence of changes in diet, a higher amount of activity is necessary for improving body composition and Vo2max. Key words: Overweight, Body composition, Ergometer training, Cardiorespiratory fitness

81-87

Authors: Shankar, R.; Rajpal, H.; and Arora, M.

The study was conducted on 24 football players ranging between 21-32 years. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups and were named as high and low intensity plyometric groups. High intensity plyometric group was given exercises comprising of double and single leg vertical jumps alongwith single leg tuck jumps while low intensity plyometric group was administered split and cycled squat jumps. Both the groups were given plyometric training for four weeks. Vertical jump and maximum voluntary isometric contraction were recorded in both the groups at the start and 2nd and 4th week of training. In the present study, high intensity plyometric and low intensity plyometric exercises for four weeks showed different magnitudes of improvement in vertical jump height and maximal voluntary isometric contraction. Results of the study further show that High Intensity Plyometric training has significant effect on Vertical Jump Height and Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction as compared to Low Intensity Plyometric. Key Words: Plyometric training, Football players, Vertical Jump, Maximum voluntary isometric contraction

95-103

Authors: Mukkannavar, P. B.

Myofascial trigger points are discrete palpable hyperirritable loci within taut bands of skeletal muscles. At present various interventions are available to treat myofascial trigger points. However, there are not many studies that have analysed the effects of combination therapy and ishchemic compression in the treatment of active myofascial trigger points. The aim of this study was to find out the effect of combination therapy and ishchemic compression in the treatment of active myofascial trigger points. Fifteen subjects were randomized in each combination therapy group (A) and as well as ishchemic compression group (B). Both groups received treatment daily for one week. In group A, combination therapy was given for 10 minutes, whereas in group B, subjects received gradual compression of 60 seconds for 3 to 4 times. Outcome was evaluated by visual analog scale and range of motion. Study showed significant (p<0.05) reduction in pain and also increased range of motion in both groups. But the pain reduction and increased range of motion was more significant in-group A than group B. Combination of TENS and ultrasound therapy proved more effective treatment modality in active trigger points and provided prompt relief of symptoms than the ischemic compression alone. Key Words: Myofascial, Trigger points, Ischemic compression, Combination therapy, Tens, Ultrasound

109-114

Authors: Sinku S. K.

The primary aim of the investigation was to compare the occurrence of injuries to footballers at low and high level of achievement with regard to various stages viz. ground conditions, location, field positions, training and competition. Information on injuries was collected from members of eight Indian football teams which were participating in the All India Mayor Trophy football tournament by questionnaires. In all 98 injuries were observed, 40 related to the low achievement and 58 to the high achievement group of footballers. A significant difference in the occurrence of injuries between the two achievement groups of footballers was found. Occurrence of injuries due to field conditions and position of playing were also found to be significantly different in the two achievement groups. No significant differences in injury occurrence were found between group of footballers with respect to location. Significant difference in the occurrence of injuries were observed in the groups with respect to the frequency of competition and training periods (t=2.46, p<.05) of footballers. While comparing causes and nature of injuries, no significant differences were found between the low and the high level of achievement footballers. The high level of achievement footballers revealed more injuries than the low level of achievement footballers. Those football players directly involved in attack or defence are more likely to be injured. Lower limb injuries were found to be predominant. The results of the study provide a useful insight into the injuries in relation to the field position, nature and location of injury in competitive football players. Keywords: Footballers, Injuries, Training, Achievement level

119-124

Authors: Sharma, M.; Jeba, C.; and Khatri, S.

The purpose of the study was to identify the effect of stretching and strengthening exercises on double crossed syndrome in cricket bowlers. This study was carried out at Belgaum Cricket Club and Union Gymkhana, Belgaum. The sample consisted of 30 male fast bowlers with double crossed syndrome. Their demographic data was collected and participants were randomly allocated into two groups (Study & Control) of 15 each after obtaining their informed consent. Pre-interventional measurements were taken in terms of Forward Head Posture (FHP), Forward Shoulder Posture (FSP), Head to Shoulder Translation (HST), Head to Ankle Translation (HAT), Shoulder to Ankle Translation (SAT), New York Postural Rating Scale (NYPRS). Shoulder stretching and strengthening exercises were carried out using a theraband for a period of six weeks, following which post interventional measurements were taken. Interventional group showed statistically significant differences in terms of FSP, HST, SAT, NYPRS when compared with the control group. It is concluded that shoulder stretching and strengthening exercises are effective in reducing the muscular imbalance pattern in double crossed syndrome. Key Words: Cricket bowlers, Forward shoulder posture, NYPRS.

129-132

Authors: Singh, J.; & Kumar, R.

The purpose of this study is to prepare the ‘norms profile’ of specific skills of handball players with a view to compare and evaluate further planning of handball game as it’s not being practiced in our country at present. So, an objective was set by the researchers to prepare the norms for each important specific skill of handball game at school, university and senior level of performance. Total of five hundred eighty six (N=586) players of handball were examined during School National championship (N=200), All India Inter University championship (N=195) and Senior National championship (N=191). The tests of specific skills of Handball, standardized by Singh (2007) were used to record the specific skills of handball players. The percentile values were distributed through SPSS. These prepared norms are presented in tabular form. The research evaluation highlights that there is an increase of specific skills with participation level of handball players. Speaking specifically, the ‘different levels’ include the level of school to university and then from university to senior level. The implicational interpretation will result in the form of an increased competitive ability of the players. Key words: Skills, Norms, Profile and Handball Players