European Journal of Philosophical Research

19-30

Authors: Yury D. Granin

The article analyzes the evolution of the concepts of "ethnicity" and "nation" in the history of European philosophy and science XVII – early XX centuries, reveals the philosophical foundations and research paradigms of the concept's origin and evolution of ethnic groups and nations. In the article are analyzed in detail naturalistic (primordialist), anthropological, political, sotsientalny (in its socio-economic and cultural versions), subjective-symbolic and ethno-symbolic approaches to the study of ethnic groups and nations, it’s advantages and disadvantages. The author pays special attention to criticism of a paradigm of modern "strategic relativism", which adherents (R. Brubeyker, K. Verderi, F. Cooper, etc.) suggested to refuse the concept "nation".

47-57

Authors: Felix V. Lazarev

In this article, the author formulates the interval conception of methodology of science. Turning to the history of methodology, the interval approach from the point of view of the author is the application of a number of philosophical and specifically interval categories to the study of a multidimensional object. The key here are such concepts as "interval of abstraction", the principle of discreteness, relativity, interval localization of the object. As for the interval method, it involves an interval operation, gnoseological focusing, conceptual development, the use of specific abstractions − "abstraction of indistinguishability", "abstraction of identification" and etc. An important element of the interval method is the construction of the interval of abstraction as a multidimensional cognitive space. Analysis of all these concepts at the philosophical level is already the development of interval methodology in general. Thus, the gnoseological accuracy considered in this article is essentially an interval character. It is, albeit changing, but nevertheless each time discrete by the characteristic of the progressive movement of human cognition, continuous within the interval and discontinuous in the transition to another interval. The possibility of obtaining data closer to real values is an important factor in the progress of experimental natural science. The author points out the conceptual importance of the concept of “gnoseological precision”. Thus, epistemological accuracy is essentially of an interval character. It is, albeit changing, but nevertheless each time discrete by the characteristic of the progressive movement of human cognition, continuous within the interval and discontinuous in the transition to another interval.

68-76

Authors: Alex E. Razumov

Man, wishing to become the master of nature, has not yet become the master of their own passions. Today the world is balancing on the verge of ecological catastrophe and nuclear war leading to mutual destruction. All of this, and much more, makes the actual task of self-knowledge a very urgent one. Catching up with the self-knowledge, "I" notice that I represent for myself something unreachable, because it contents many various – economic, political, religious and cultural components. My self-actualization can be blurred by political and ideological conjuncture. Russian national ideology can be understood as the deployment of the well-known formula of Count Uvarov: "Orthodoxy, Autocracy, Nationality" through the Russian history. Each of the constituents of the formula experienced a strong shaking time, but it is still actual, though in some modified form. It is known to the European consciousness from Christianity, that the sails of history are blown by the winds of Truth, Justice and Freedom. So it will be in the future, if the main of the Freedoms, the Freedom of creativity, will be guided by responsibility.

86-96

Authors: Yury D. Granin, Nikolay N. Gubanov, Nikolai I Gubanov

The article analyzes the work of the famous Russian expert on the methodology of scientific knowledge S. A. Lebedev, who published in recent years a number of fundamental works on this issue (Lebedev, 2015a, 2015b,2017e, 2018). The subject of the study of the last monograph, which was a generalization of previous works of the author, was the history and theory of the scientific method (Lebedev, 2018). We will dwell on it in particular. In the first part, the main concepts of the scientific method in the history of the philosophy of science from antiquity to our time are analyzed. The second part deals with the theoretical problems of the modern methodology of science. The author develops the system concept of the scientific method as an interconnected set of various cognitive tools used in real scientific cognition. In contrast to the two, the alternative and widespread paradigms of interpreting the nature of the scientific method: the universalistic (monistic) and pluralistic (additive) the author develops a system-pluralistic theory of the scientific method.