JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY AND THERAPEUTICS

1-2

Authors: Mohammed Sabiullah, Md Dawood Suleman, Rehmatunissa Rehmatunissa, Md Ather, Nasreen Nasreen

Aim: To estimate urinary hydroxy- proline in pre and post menopausal Women as a marker of bone resorption. Materials and methods: This is a prospective, observational study of 25 healthy post menopausal women with 25 healthy premenopausal women as control conducted at Gandhi Hospital Secunderabad. The study period was between June 2008 to June 2010. 24 hours urinary Hydroxyproline was measured in both cases and controls. Results: The mean urinary Hydroxyproline in Post menopausal women was 31.64 with standard deviation of 3.37. The mean urinary Hydroxyproline in Pre menopausal women was 19.61 with standard deviation of 2.34. It has got the statistical significance with p value of <0.0001 Discussion: Fibrillar collagens are rich in the amino acid hydroxyproline, which is excreted in the urine after collagen degradation and are considered to be markers of bone resorption. The urinary excretion of hydroxy proline is increased in states of physiologically high turnover, such as somatic growth, during menopause and high turnover osteopathies.This increased excretion is due to increase in bone loss which was a characteristic feature of the postmenopausal period.Our results show that urinary hydroxy proline was increased in postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal controls and also urinary hydroxy proline levels were increased more in late postmenopausal women than in early postmenopausal women. Conclusion: In Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis biochemical markers of bone formation decrease and biochemical markers of bone resorption increases. This is because there is more osteoclastic activity.In our study in post-menopausal women urinary hydroxy proline level was found to be elevated when compared to pre-menopausal group. Key words: Post menopausal women, Pre menopausal women, Hydroxyproline, Osteoporosis.

9-13

Authors: Rajan, Jaswant Rai, P S Sandhu

Background: Hypertension being a major cause of cardiovascular diseases worldwide is associated with the overactivation of Renin Angiotensin System (RAS). Both hypertension and insulin resistance are important components of metabolic syndrome and a strong association exists between these two. Some of Previous studies conducted on Moxonidine and Telmisartan suggest, these agents have a better efficacy and safety profile than other antihypertensives The present study is an effort to focus on the effectiveness of these drugs on hypertensive people of Majha region of Punjab, India. Aim: To compare the effects of both drugs as monotherapy on the various parameters of blood pressure, insulin resistance and lipid profile. Material and Methods: It was a randomized (1:1), open label, parallel, comparative study. Moxonidine 0.3 mg in one group (A) (n=30) and telmisartan 40 mg in other group (B) (n=30) were used daily for 12 weeks in hypertensive patients. Patients were evaluated at day 0 and at 12 weeks. Results: Fall in SBP levels by 9.5% in group-A and 7.4% in group-B (p<0.0001) was observed while DBP levels decreased by 8.9% (p<0.0001) in group A and by 5.6% (p<0.01) in group B. HOMA-IR value was drop by 7.0 % and 7.2 % in group A and B respectively. A mean fall of 8% in TC levels (p<0.0001) and a mean fall of 10 % in LDL-C levels was observed in group B. In group A, reduction of 12.5 % (p<0.0001) in TG levels was observed. BP goal to achieve SBP <140 mm Hg and DBP < 90 was attained in 24 patients in group A and 20 patients in group B. Conclusion: Moxonidine is slightly better as an antihypertensive than Telmisartan. At the same time, telmisartan has additional favourable effects on lipid profile (total cholesterol, LDL-C) Key words: BP goals, Hypertension, Insulin resistance, Moxonidine and Telmisartan.

17-23

Authors: T Aruna, H Srirupa, Sankara Subramanian, , Swathika

Diabetes is one of the most common ailments that the general population suffer in today’s world. Some are aware about their disturbing blood sugar levels and even understand the importance of appropriate control of the levels with the right medications. Some are aware and yet ignorant due to various causes. This study is aimed at evaluating the drug compliance among type 2 diabetes patients attending the review op of the department of Diabetology, KMCH. A study group of 100 patients attending the review OP were enrolled in the study. The compliance was assessed with the help of their diabetic OP records and a pretested questionnaire was used to further dig into the possible causes for non compliance. The study is broadly based on two main factors leading to non-compliance-causes for patients not getting medicines regularly and causes for patients not taking medicines regularly. These two factors were analyzed based on gender, age, duration of diabetes, co morbid illness, distance etc. The results have shown that 39% of the patients were not getting the medications regularly, out of which 33.3% did not get it due to sheer laziness,38.5% were forgetful and other serious illness hindered 28.2% of the patients from getting their medications. It was found that 55% of the patients took their medications regularly. Among those who took medications regularly,80.3% were regular and 15.4% were not regular in getting medications. Among those who did not take medications regularly,66.7% claimed to be forgetful and 46.7% were non complaint as they did not have adequate knowledge about their medications.33.3% of the patients did not take it regularly as it gave them a feeling of wellbeing which tempted them to skip doses. Based on these significant data, we will be able to suggest ways and measures to improve the compliance on the treatment aspect. This would increase the desired therapeutic outcome and ultimately, on a broad aspect, it will reduce national health costs. Key words: drug compliance, therapeutic outcome

27-42

Authors: Kautuk Kumar Shah, G Vidya Sagar

Gloriosa superba Linn. is an important medicinal plant ( Liliaceae). It is a semi-woody herbaceous branched climber reaching approximately 5 meters height, with brilliant wavy-edged yellow and red flowers 1. Being native form Indian especially Southern India it is known as glory lily and climbing lily- in English. In the world market glory lily considered as rich source of colchicines and gloriosine 4. The flower has analgesic, anti-inflammatory potential, antimicrobial, larvicidal potential, antipoxviral potential, antithrombotic potential, antitumor potential, enzyme inhibition potential, and also used in treatment of snake bite, Skin disease, respiratory disorders 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. Medicinal plants have been used as sources of medicine in virtually all cultures 10, 11. In recent years, there has been a gradual revival of interest in the use of medicinal plants in developing countries because herbal medicines have been reported safe and without any adverse side effect especially when compared with synthetic drugs. Thus a search for new drugs with better and cheaper substitutes from plant origin is a natural choice. The medicinal values of these plants lie in some chemical substances that produce a definite physiological action on human body 12. Different parts of G. superba have wide variety of uses especially in traditional system of medicine. The tuber is used for the treatment of bruises and sprains, colic, chronic ulcers, haemorrhoids, cancer, impotence, nocturnal seminal emission, and leprosy and also for including labour pains and abortions 13. Gloriosa superba also used in wounds, skin related problems, Fever, Inflammation, piles, blood disorders, Uterine contractions, General body toner, Poisoning 14, 15. Roots are acrid, anthelmintic, antipyretic, bitter, digestive, expectorant, highly poisonous and promoting expulsion of the placenta. Root paste is effective against paralysis, rheumatism, snake bite and insect bites 16. This plant has gained the importance in medicine in recent years for the production of colchicine in large scale 17. The aim of this study was to identify and determine the phytochemicals present in G. superba leaves, flowers, seeds and tubers. The main MeOH & dichloromethane extract were isolated and evaluated for anticancer activity. Keywords: Gloriosa superba, MeOH extract, CDCl2 Extract, anticancer activity

54-60

Authors: Nagapati P Bhat, P Preethishree

Depression is considered as an affective disorder characterized primarily by change of mood. It is associated with significant socioeconomic problems, morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of major depression in the general population is estimated at 5% in world population. Prevalence ranges from 9% in ambulatory medical patients to 30% in hospitalized patients. According to the World Health report approximately 450 million people suffer from a mental or behavioral disorder, yet only a small minority of them receives even the most basic treatment. Currently, the available anti-depressant agents are associated with unwanted side effects and have their own limitations. An increasing number of herbal products have been introduced into psychiatric practice, as alternative or complementary medicines. The added advantages of indigenous medicinal treatment would include its complementary nature to the conventional treatment making latter safer, well tolerated and economical remedy for depressive disorders. Key words: Depression, Anti-depressants, Pharmacotherapy, Side effects