JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY AND THERAPEUTICS

7-20

Authors: Sachin Goyal

Objective: Sapindus is a genus of Sapindaceae family comprises three major species: The American spices, Sapindus saponaria and two Asian species, Sapindus mukorossi and Sapindus trifoliatus and are well known for their folk medicinal values. Several important studies have been published in the intervening years, which have prompted us to reassess Sapindus. In the current review, we provide a comprehensive over view on the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of the species of Sapindus. Methods: A literature survey was performed by searching the scientific data bases Pubmed, Google Scholar, SciFinder, Scopus and Web of Science, in addition to traditional Indian medicine and Ayurvedic texts for information on Sapindus. Results: Plants of the genus Sapindus have been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of ulcers, external wounds, inflammation, epilepsy, dental caries, arthritis, joint pain, gout and rheumatism. Phytochemical studies of this genus have identified more than 103 compounds. Of these compounds, triterpenoidal saponins of oleanane, dammarane and tirucullane are regarded as the active group that is most likely to be responsible for the observed biological activities. The crude extracts, as well as the isolated compounds, from the genus possess antimicrobial, anticancer, spermicidal, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet aggregation, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-migraine, anti-diabetic, anti-ulcerogenic and analgesic properties. Conclusion: It is evident from the available literature that Sapindus species possess potential for use as a beneficial therapeutic remedy. Nevertheless, there is clearly a need for further studies focusing on in-vivo with emphasis on molecular mechanisms and eventually clinical trials.

29-35

Authors: D Kappor, M Patel, R B Vyas, C Lad, B L Tyagi

The drug delivery technology landscape has become highly competitive and rapidly evolving. More and more developments in delivery systems are being integrated to optimize the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of the therapy. Peptides, proteins and DNA-based therapeutics cannot be effectively delivered by conventional means. A Microsponges delivery system is a highly cross-linked, porous, polymeric microsphere, polymeric system consisting of porous microspheres that can entrap and release them into the skin over a long period of time. This delivery system provides extended release with reduced irritation, better tolerance, improved thermal, physical and chemical stability. The main goal of any drug delivery system is to achieve desired concentration of the drug in blood or tissue, which is therapeutically effective and non-toxic for a prolonged period In the present study various methods for preparation of microsponges drug delivery system are studied. Various advantages are also given which shows the importance of this method for the delivery of drugs over the other drug delivery system. More and more developments in delivery systems are being integrated to optimize the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of the therapy. Microsponge technology offers entrapment of ingredients and is believed to contribute towards reduced side effects, improved stability, increased elegance, and enhanced formulation flexibility. In addition, numerous studies have confirmed that microsponge systems are non-irritating, nonmutagenic, non-allergenic, and non-toxic. Microsponges delivery technology is being used currently in cosmetics, over-the-counter (OTC) skin care, sunscreens and prescription products. One of the best feature of microsponge is it is self-sterilizing. This review is focused on method of preparation, characterization and application of microsponge. Keywords: Microsponge, Control relaease, Target release, topical formulation, oral administration

44-47

Authors: Munish Kumar, Navneet Kaur Randhava

Jasminum mesnyi Hance (Jasminum primulinum) is commonly known as Primrose Jasmine, distributed in china and India. Traditionally, it is associated to cure many ailments such as CNS, gastric and spinal disorders. Jasminin, jasmoside, jasmesoside, 9”hydroxyjasmesoside, 9”- hydroxyjasmesosidic acid, sambacoside A, jasminin 10”-O-β-D-glucoside, 2”-hydroxyjasminin, isojasminin, 4”-hydroxyisojasminin, jasmosidic acid, phenolic glucoside syringing and caffeic glycoside and flavnoids have been reported from the leaves. Jasminum mesnyi is not much studied much. It will be research oriented plant and must be investigated. Because, leaves of Jasmenium mesyni posses numerous secoiridoid glucoside and flavnoids. These phyto-chemicals have wide range of biological potential. Key words: Secoiridoid glucoside, Unnan- obai, scavenger.

55-57

Authors: P R Patil, M A Chaudhari, P V Sapkale, Surajj Sarode, Rageeb Md. Usman

5-HT neurotransmission system is targeted by drugs useful in behavioural disorders, including anxiety, depression, psychosis and eating disorders. 5-HT1A autoreceptors, located on 5-HT neurones of the midbrain raphe nuclei, are coupled to K channels through a pertusis toxin-sensitive G-protein. 5-HT1A receptor agonists inhibit adenylyl cyclase, while 5-HT2C receptor agonists activate two signal transduction pathways coupled with these receptors. 5-HT1A and 5-HT2C receptors have lots potential in treating the disorders with less or no side effects. Keywords: 5-HT1A, 5-HT2C, Receptor.

69-73

Authors: Sapna Pradhan, A G Mathur, Amol Patil

Despite the introduction 40 years ago of the inexpensive and effective four-drug (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol) treatment regimen, tuberculosis (TB) continues to cause considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. For the first time since the 1960s, new and novel drugs and regimens for all forms of TB are emerging. Such regimens are likely to utilize both repurposed drugs and new chemical entities, and several of these regimens are now progressing through clinical trials. This article covers current concepts and recent advances in TB drug discovery and development. Key Words: MDR-TB, XDR-TB, TDR-TB, Bedaquiline, Delamanid

79-86

Authors: Berihun Sisay, Solomon Abrha, Zewdu Yilma, Admassu Assen, Fantahun Molla, Ebisa Tadese, Abrham Wondimu, Naod Gebre-Samuel, Gurudutta Pattnaik

Despite improvements in our understanding of cancer and the emerging concept of personalized medicine for the treatment of this disease, it is still one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Although, in recent years, significant advances have been achieved in cancer therapy, many tumors are still challenging to treat and novel strategies are required to effectively combat this deadly disease. Nanotheranostics is a burgeoning field which makes use of nanotechnology for diagnosis and therapy of cancer. The recent advancement in the area of nanotechnology has enabled a new generation of different types of nanomaterials composed of either inorganic or polymer based nanoparticles to be useful for nanotheranostics applications such as to diagnose and treat diseases and monitoring the therapeutic response in vivo at molecular level; to enhance the control, evaluation and optimization of drug delivery and release; to target the drug by conjugating theranostic nanoplatformes with biological ligands. This review, therefore, summarizes the various nanocarriers developed so far for the simultaneous imaging and therapy, strategies for their targeted delivery, their potential applications and the challenges in their development and application for cancer therapy. Key words: Cancer; Cancer therapy; Nanoparticles; Nanotheranostics.