INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH -GRANTHAALAYAH

1-11

Authors: Uwameiye B.E.

This research identified some selected factors affecting the eating behavior of adolescent in Esan West Local Government Area. Four questions and four null hypotheses guided the study. A total of 679 students were utilized. A 30-item questionnaire was the instrument for gathering the data. Mean, standard deviations answered the research questions, while the t-test was utilized for testing the null hypotheses at.05 level of significance. Findings revealed among others that the respondents have poor eating behavior such as skipping of breakfast among urban and rural respondents (1.06, 1.02), low consumption of fruits and vegetable, (3.01, 3.20) Consume fried foods daily (3.33, 2.56). Low intake of carbohydrates among the urban respondents (2.55) then, the rural respondents (3.22), regular consumption of sweets, biscuits, snacks, soda and sweetened drinks daily among respondents. (3.05, 2.60). Other findings are that respondents agreed that all the maternal, environmental and media factors affect the eating behavior of the adolescent. The result also indicates that hypothesis one had significant differences in items 3,5,6&7. Which mean that the stated null hypothesis at.05 level of significance is rejected for those items. The results in items 1,2,4,8,9&10 indicated there is no significant difference in their mean responses, therefore the null hypothesis of no significance difference is retained for those items. In the last three hypotheses all the items had t calculated less than t-table value of 1.96 at.05 level of significance. Thus, the hypotheses of no significant difference were retained in the three hypotheses. The study recommended among others that: Parents should be advised to guide and monitor their children in the use of the media, by occupying their children with other physical activities to reduce television viewing, video games and the use of computer, so as to guide against the acquisition of wrong nutrition information that can lead to poor eating behavior.

12-22

Authors: Alireza Farahbakhsh , Soulmaz Kakaee

With the intention to study the implications and their affinity with and deviation from reality, the present study will analyze Number9Dream (2001) in terms of its narrative style, ontological qualities, and certain conventions which lead to the particular genre of dystopian science fiction. It tends to settle the following questions: are the implications and contributions of categorizing Number9Dream as a dystopian science fiction significant in any way? What is the role and ontological significance of setting in the novel? Narratological approach and genre criticism are applied to the novel to analyze it from the perspective of its critical engagement with dystopia. It traces science fictional elements and then continues to examine their utopian or dystopian nature and the different functions of those elements. It also refers to the connection between the given ontologies and reality. The present article shows that the novel provides a range of multiple possible worlds through two layers of internal and external ontology which are the representations of the real world. Dystopian narrative and science fiction conventions are exploited to address today's world issues. Through a detached view toward the present societies, Mitchell gives the opportunity to criticize what is not otherwise visible. The novel warns about human's isolation, alienation, and dehumanization and calls people to action accordingly. It briefly refers to the reconciliation of past/ present and nature/ science as a solution.

30-33

Authors: Prof Dr Jihe Zhu , BSc Blagica Arsovska , BSc Kristina Kozovska

Acupuncture as part of the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is used very often as a treatment option for patients struggling with infertility. Acupuncture can help in regulating the hormonal imbalances, relieve the stress and increase the blood flow to the ovaries and uterus. The treated patient is 30 year old woman diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and infertility. The patient was trying to get pregnant for a year and a half. The menstrual cycles were irregular and the patient was taking the medication Diane for 4 years. The hormonal analysis showed high FSH levels and low Estrogen and Progesterone. The patient has done 6 treatments in a period of two months and after the 6th treatment she got pregnant. Treatments were done in a clinic for TCM and acupuncture in Skopje, Macedonia by a doctor specialist in acupuncture. Treatments were with duration of 30-45 minutes, done once weekly on points located on the both sides of the body. The treated points are: Ex-CA1 (Zigongxue), Gv20 (Baihui), St25 (Tianshu), St36 (Zusanli), Ren12 (Zhongwan), Ren6 (Qihai), Ren2 (Qugo), Sp6 (Sanyinjiao), Li4 (Hegu), Lv3 (Taichong) and Ashi points located on front side of the neck. Acupuncture as a treatment for infertility is very effective and gives excellent results by improving the hormonal levels, the menstruation and the ovulation in women, thus giving a chance to the patients to become pregnant

38-45

Authors: Aylin Ozodabas

Self-compacting concrete is used in many application fields in construction, repair, and maintenance, and reinforcement. Self-settling concretes are advantageous in terms of labor and speed. Self-compacting concrete samples compared to the amount of binder; blast furnace slag 10 % and 30 %, plasticizer additive 2.7 %, basalt fiber 1.6 % in samples A and 3.2% in samples B were used. But basalt fiber was not used in samples C. The plasticizing additive used was kept constant in all samples. Slump Flow Test, V-funnel, L-box, compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, water absorption and weight per unit of volume tests were performed and the obtained values were discussed in detail in the discussion and conclusion sections. It has been observed that the use of basalt fiber reduces the workability in fresh concrete but increased the compressive strength values. Samples basalt containing could not provide determined standard values for slump flow and V-funnel and L-box tests. As the use of basalt fiber increased, the viscosity in the concrete decreased. For the samples with 1% basalt fiber, the pressure strength values decreased by 0.5% compared to the samples with basalt fiber.

58-69

Authors: Dimitris Goulimaris , Lemonia Darginidou , Maria Genti

The aim of this work was to examine the factorial validity of the «leisure constraints scale» by Alexandris and Carroll (1997a) and the investigation of the relationship between the constraining factors of attendance and the participants’ loyalty to leisure dancing activities. The sample of the study was 318 adults who participated in traditional dancing classes organized by cultural associations. The «leisure constraint scale» (Alexandris & Carroll, 1997a) and a conversion of the «loyalty» subscale was used for the investigation of the constraining factors and loyalty as suggested by Zeithaml, Berry and Parasuraman (1996). The data supported the factor structure and the internal consistency of the leisure constraints scale. It was also found that there is a reverse relation of loyalty with five factors of the leisure constraints scale. Generally, it appears that the participants experience the constraining factors of attendance to dancing activities with low intensity.

77-83

Authors: Ashraf Mustafa Mohammed Osman , Professor. Dr. Mohammed Al Fadil Gar al naby , Dr. Asma Ibrahim Ahmed , Dr. Babiker Abd Elwahab Awad alla

The purpose of this study was to identify the specific Doppler criteria for the outflow vein (hepatic veins and inferior vena cava) obstruction in liver transplants. A case control study was done after performing venous Doppler sonographic studies in 300 normal (control) and 45 liver transplant cases (4 whole liver, 41 lobar) with no vascular obstruction. The ultrasonic Doppler study were classified as normal, occluded, or stenosed on the basis of gray scale and color flow mapping appearances as well as elevated or absent waves. The following Doppler parameters were evaluated: the outflow veins on color Doppler interrogation, venous pulsatility index on spectral trace. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed. There were no cases of outflow vein obstruction found in our sample (neither stenosis, nor occlusion). Mean venous pulsatility index for normal outflow veins was 0.75 and is found ranging between (0.55-0.75). A venous pulsatility index of < 0.45 is specific for stenosis (5). The venous pulsatility index is a useful parameter for diagnosing venous stenosis in liver transplants.

90-96

Authors: Ismelda Iyou , Nur Endah Wahyuningsih , Sulistiyani

Background: Lead (Pb) becomes toxic to osteoblast cells and osteoclasts that affect the biology and deposition of bone mineral, thereby boosting the risk of osteoporosis. Green coconut water contains the highest tannins or antidotum (anti toxins), recommended for consumption for people exposed to heavy metals. While milk naturally contains essential nutrients to help control the regeneration of bone cells and strengthen bones. Method: This research is a quasi experimental research using the one group pretest and posttest design. The number of research samples are 30 people who were given treatment of green coconut water and milk as much as 250 ml alternately for 10 days Result: Before the intervention of the lead category in the blood of the respondents exceeded the threshold value of NIOSH (10 μg / dL), ie 23 people averaged 14.04 μg / dL and after intervention decreased to 7 people on average 11.88 μg / dL. The categories of osteopenia before intervention were 8 respondents averaging -0.59 and after intervention decreased ie 4 respondents average - 1.90. Conclusion: There was a difference of Pb levels in blood before and after consumption of green coconut water and milk with p value = 0,001 (p value <0,05). There was a difference of bone density before and after consumption of green coconut water and milk with p value = 0,000 (p value <0,05).

109-120

Authors: Nurdan Kirimlioğlu

Patient safety and prevention of medical errors in every stage of health services is among the priorities of health system. Measures taken for prevention of medical errors in patient safety, one of the most important in care quality for health services, are the basis of patient safety. Information, skill and behavior increasing the degree of patient safety and making learning from errors easier can be gained through both training of health professionals and patient. Today, patient education focused on accurate application of treatment aims firstly for providing patient and patient family with accurate decision ability on care and taking responsibilities. Patient education helps patient with learning and understanding of his/her diagnosis and treatment, gaining active self-care attitude, and getting rid of feeling “weakness” due to illness. This process, in which effective and observable changes in patient behaviors are aimed, is not limited to inpatient treatment, but continuous. Patient education is not limited to patient health, but also includes increasing health care quality. Patient’s healthcare expense get less and less proportionally as hospitalization time gets closer to end. Importance of patient education, financing of which is so profitable, increases more and more today

128-134

Authors: Degpal Singh , Anit Kumar , Amandeep Singh

For the food security of more than 1.3 billion people, India has to keep on producing more but safe food. Various techniques have been developed over the time for keeping a check on the quality of food. Of those, HACCP i.e., Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points is one which ensures the quality of food during the production or the processing of food. HACCP is based on seven principles and is a risk management system that identifies, evaluates, and controls hazards (biological, chemical and physical) related to food safety throughout the food supply chain. The concept first came to light in 1960s and in India it started early in 2000. HACCP is a protocol for all the stakeholders involved in food industry for the production of safe food. As the HACCP lays emphasis on “Clean Production”, therefore, it ensures the use of every single resource whether it may be water, energy or any raw material in an efficient way leading to manufacture of a priced commodity and letting out less harmful and meager waste products.

140-146

Authors: Dr K. Lenin

In this work particle swarm optimization algorithm has been hybridized with Back propagation neural network (PSBP) to solve the reactive power problem. Proposed PSBP methodology improves search. PSO algorithm to optimize the original weight, threshold value and when the algorithm ends, optimal point can be found- on the base of PSO algorithm; Back propagation neural network algorithm to search overall situation and then achieve the network training goal. In the particle swarm, every particle’s position represents weights set among the network during the resent iteration. In order to evaluate the proposed algorithm, it has been tested on IEEE 118 bus system and compared to other algorithms and simulation results show that proposed algorithm reduces the real power loss effectively.

151-158

Authors: Lemonia Darginidou , Dimitris Goulimaris , Vassiliki Derri , Giorgos Kosta

The aim of this study is to investigate whether parents’ perceptions on the emotions and moods of their children are influenced by the children’s participating in traditional dance activities. The sample of the research consisted of 280 parents of adolescents aged 12-13. There were three experimental groups: a) “Control group”, b) “Experimental group 1” and c) “Experimental group 2”. The measurements was carried out with the KIDSCREEN-52 Scale (Ravens-Sieberer et al., 2007). The dimension used was “Mood and emotions”, which includes 7 questions. There were three measurements. The results of the research showed that the parents’ perceptions concerning the factor “mood and emotions” for the quality of life of their children were differentiated among the groups according to the measurements. According to the parents’ perceptions, their adolescent children’s moods and emotions were improved after participating regularly in extracurricular Greek dance activities organized by nonprofit private societies. In conclusion, parents acknowledge that their children’s participating in dance activities in nonprofit societies improved their general mood and developed their positive emotions, which is quite helpful for adolescents to overcome the emotional disturbance of this age.

168-190

Authors: Alireza Farahbakhsh , Narges Yeke Yazdani

This paper seeks to discern the narratological aspects of John Barth's famous essay titled “Literature of Exhaustion” in narrative qualities of his own novel, Chimera. Different narrative elements are discussed in the process of reading the essay; they include “The Construction and Deconstruction of Illusions in Chimera”, “The Orchestration of Polyphony of Voices”, “The Decadence of Mythology” and “Barth’s Success in the Pedagogy of Writing”. Each concept will be discussed in a separate section. The first section aims to discuss the concept of metafiction. Barth tries to represent the clash between real and represented worlds to confirm the fact that the boundary between reality and fiction becomes vague in the process of the novel. The second section focuses on "Heteroglossia" as one of the major themes of the novel. All of the characters represent Barth's voice in Chimera. The third section examines the influence of mythology and its decadence. The author attempts to advance a new method of writing by the traditional mimic forms and intertexual games. The last section intends to examine Barth's pedagogy of writing. He tries to create new fictions out of what already has been said in the world of fiction. The article concludes that Chimera is a rich postmodern novel that can be a role-model for writers to avoid originality and writer's block in writing.

196-208

Authors: Myrna Nicol Ogoc

The coastline of the municipality of Catarman, Northern Samar stretches about 13.32 kilometers and its municipal waters has an estimated area of 66.304 square kilometers. Generally it has a plain bottom topography, consisting of coarse sand and muddy terrigenous soil that is carried and deposited by the fresh water that gush out from Catarman River, the major tributary of ‘sweet water’ which enriched the substrate with nutrients that eventually give rise to algal and plankton blooms that invite schooling pelagic fishes jacking up the commercial value of the municipal water. The soft bottom sediment gently slopes on the average of 3 degrees from the intertidal zone and stretches up to 60 meters deep seaward. The municipality has an estimated aggregate coral reef area of 2,558 square meters with only 20% live coral cover that is mostly concentrated at the seaward side of reef edge, and with massive coral as its dominant life-form structure. The death of coral reefs (60 percent of the cover) is generally presumed to be an aftermath of heavy siltation that is brought about by the influx of fresh water from Catarman river and other tributaries as evidenced by the brownish color of the silted coral heads. However, sites of coral rubbles (about 10%) believed to be a remnant of the blast fishing in the area had been noticed. Non-biodegradable Solid wastes such as cellophanes and plastics were also observed neck-tied on some coral heads. Most of the fishes observed within 1-4 depth range along UEP- Cawayan Fringing reef and Puputihon patch reef are non-commercial reef fish species, such as Palata, Gono, Alibang-bang, lubayan while those fish species that are most preferred by fishermen are in least abundance and can only be observed at greater depth range (Molmol, Baraka, Mayamaya). Commonly, the sizes of the reef fish that were observed ranges from 6- 30 centimeters fork length suggesting that the fish stock in the area is still young. The volume of the fish stock within the reef system of Puputihon and UEP-Cawayan area is estimated to be at 15 kilograms per hectare. The high importance value of the” non-target” reef species connotes that the surrounding reef habitat has still the capability to carry out the necessary ecological processes of reef fish reproduction. There are 5 species of seagrasses that thrives in Puputihon islet and UEP-Cawayan fringing reef. Ecologically, these seagrass areas serve as breeding and feeding grounds for some seagrassspecific fishes and mollusks. The Turtle Grass, Thallassia Hemprichii and Cymodocea sp.dominates the seagrass community (constituting about 85 % of the area). The Eel grass (Enhalus acoroides), Spoon Grass (Halophila sp.), Needle Grass (Halodule sp.) are noted to be less occurring. Though, this macrophyte community could well serve the reef system ecologically because of its high diversity, its environmental importance is not much due to its negligible area. Approximately, the seagrass community cover an aggregate of 500 square meter. Of the twenty one (21) species of marine algae, ten (10) of which are chlorophytes or green algae, (four)4 phaeophytes, brown algae and Seven (7) Rhodophytes or algae that gives off red color. Only Gelidiella acerosa, a Rhodophyte and Caulerpa spp.a chlorophyte are harvested by the fisherfolks for commercial purpose. Gelidiella acerosa or gulaman dagat have a density of 98.9 square meters per hectare during the conduct of the survey. There are about 37 species of mollusks that are present along the UEP- Cawayan sampling sites, most of which are considered for commerce and domestic food. Findings revealed the species composition of mangroves in all sampling stations. There were seven (7) families, nine (9) genera, comprising fifteen (15) species of true mangroves that are found in sampling stations. A total of 654 number of individuals were identified, counted, and measured. According to number of individual (ni), api-api (Avicennia officinalis) of the family Avicenniaceae registered to be the most abundant among other species and present in all sampling stations followed by bakauan-lalake (Rhizophora apiculata) and bakauan-babae (Rhizophora mucronata) of the family Rhizophoraceae with 73 and 66 number of individuals, respectively. The least encountered species were tangal (Ceriops tagal) and pototat (Bruguiera sexangula) with 2 and 1 number of individuals, respectively.