INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH -GRANTHAALAYAH

1-16

Authors: Hefri Yodiansyah *1, Nanik Yuzalmi 2 , Irsyadi Zain

Management of leasing vehicles contributes significantly to amount of transportation driving the supply of fiduciaries fiduciary progress on the streets in Pekanbaru cities, Indonesian state. This development was caused by poor public transport supplies, urban leasing vehicles with fiduciary patterns and poor roads. The use of fiduciary vehicles for public transport in the city of Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia is associated with a high level of accidents both on the side of drivers, drivers and passenger’s fiduciary vehicles. This study investigates the social-economic impact of Pekanbaru city's most likely drivers in the Regional Government areas Indonesian state. Questionnaires were given to samples randomly selected 200 users’ area. Of the 200 questionnaires given, 183 questionnaires were received for analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings show that the majority of commercial fiduciary riders are adults between the ages of 31 and 40 years. Most (72.9%) are married and have sufficient educations. Selected male sexes, 78.6% of the 66 respondents Company guarantees full-time fiduciary vehicles and has operated for more than four years with a general policy pattern. The majority of riders are involved in business because of the urgent need to survive and defend their families. In addition, most motorists do not take the necessary precautions, they are earning consumers and family management even during working hours and this reason has been identified as the main cause of their carelessness.

29-33

Authors: Dr. Vaishnavi Narahari Saka 1 , Dr. Vivek S. Chandurkar

Modern culture and advanced technology have made life comfortable, but it’s given invitation to many diseases. In fast life style of people are leading irregular eating habits, eating outside has become fashion which increased risk of contaminated food and water. All these etiological factors lead to risk of related disorders. Bahupitta kamla is one of important disease. Jaundice is a condition in which yellowness of skin, sclera, mucus membrane, and excretions occurs due to hyperbilirubinemia and depositions of bile pigments. Jaundice is described as kamala vyadhi in Ayurveda. IN ayurvedic samhita description of kamala is given in detail. The description of hepatocellular jaundice is similar to ayurvedic description of kamala vyadhi. Here a case report of a 30 years male having Bahupitta Kamala (Jaundice) who was treated with ayurvedic medicine and some panchakarma which give effective results with ayurvedic management.

41-48

Authors: Dhanabaaghyam. R *1, Keerthini Raga. G. S 2 , Sanjana. S 3 , Suganya. G

Spinach [Amaranthus gangetics] leaves were dried in a tray drier at 55°C and ground to pass through 220µm mesh to obtain spinach powder. Micronutrient is rich in Amaranthus gangetics. The spinach has rich source of vitamin C, folate and minerals. The physico-chemical analysis and sensory evaluation was done to know the acceptability of cookies incorporated with red spinach powder. These were evaluated for sensory analysis that included color, flavor, taste, and overall acceptability. The spinach cookies were analyzed for analytical and chemical analysis, which includes moisture content and total ash.

53-71

Authors: Kaskatayeva Bakhytkul

In this article, a model is developed for the formation of the research competence of undergraduate mathematicians at a pedagogical university. Purposeful formation of research competence in the conditions of digitalization, development of theoretical approaches to the use of ICT tools in order to: develop the trainee's personality by involving the trainee in experimental research, forming cognitive interest is one of the most important goals of higher pedagogical education. The purpose of the study is to develop a model for the formation of research competence of studentsmathematicians of a pedagogical university, including the forms, means and methods of its formation; The research uses research methods as a theoretical analysis of domestic and foreign scientific literature on the research problem; observation, generalization; As a result, we determined the essence of research competence and developed a model for the formation of research competence (IC) of mathematics students of a pedagogical university, including the forms, means and methods of its formation; To effectively implement the model for the formation of the research competence of the future mathematics teacher, pedagogical conditions have been created that are of great importance for the formation of the research competence of the mathematics teacher. Formation of the IC was conducted through psychological, informativecognitive, practical training.

79-92

Authors: HEALTH LITERACY: AN OVERVIEW OF THE MEDICAL SECRETARIAL TRAINING IN TURKEY

Background: Health literacy has a measure of capacity to access, understand, assess, and apply health information in individuals’ decision-making processes to maintain and improve life-quality quality of life. Research is a descriptive study aiming to determine the health literacy level of medical secretary’ students who are health professionals and the influencing factors of health literacy in the future. Method: The research was conducted between April 30 and June 1, 2018, and the study group consisted of 55 medical secretary students who study in Ankara University Vocational School of Health in Turkey. The participants were given the questionnaire which was composed of 3 sections (socio-demographic information, health status, and the Health Literacy Survey-European Union/HLS-EU scale) and 70 questions used for data collection purposes. Results: The average age of the group was 21.4±4.1. The average score of participants’ general health literacy index was calculated as 33.9±7.42 (n=55). Approximately 70% of participants (n=55) were found to have adequate health literacy. Conclusions: It is very important that the medical secretaries working as secretarial and patient orientation personnel in the health sector are health literate in terms of their own health and health service quality. Health literacy can't be considered independent of the general literacy level. Hence, in the lifelong learning process, individuals need to be supported in school and work life.

96-104

Authors: Tpl. Famakinwa Lawrecno Akin 1 , Tpl. Odogiyon Agunloye

This work appraised residents attitude to domestic solid waste management in selected quarters in Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria. It identified types of domestic solid waste generated and examined the residents’ perception of waste management at the three selected quarters in Owo which include Rufus Giwa Polytechnic Area, GRA and Iloro Quarters. Data were obtained directly from the targeted population using structured questionnaire and personal observations. The questions provided in the questionnaire were directed to the household population in the area. Meanwhile, photography was used for on-the-spot assessment of the conditions of some domestic solid waste spots in the study area. For the purpose of this research, systematic random sampling technique was adopted in the administration of questionnaire on residents of the three selected quarters in Owo, Ondo State. The univariate techniques of data analysis in form of tables, and photographs which describes the necessary features of the data set. Larger percentage of the respondents emptied their receptacles when it is filled. The research recommended that the federal government of Nigeria should partner with International Development Agencies to improve domestic solid waste management in the area.

116-122

Authors: Osagie, Godwin Nosakhare, Ph.D

Today’s organizations are confronted with the deepest downturn since the great depressions after The World War II. These distortions have necessitated the need for organizations to consider the issue of organizational change. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of strategic change and organizational transformation process in Nigerian organizations; using selected companies from the Telecommunications industry in Nigeria as a case of study. The data collection tool employed by the researcher was the questionnaire approach and the sampling technique employed by the researcher was the Taro Yemmane sampling technique while the hypothesis formulated was tested using the Z-test statistics. The results from the test of the hypothesis showed that strategic change in the Nigerian Telecommunications industry leads to successful organizational transformation. Based on this, the researcher concluded that organizational change can usher in a host of unwelcome and unavoidable side effects and result in the need for the organization to improve productivity, increase morale or re-define the culture of the organization. It was against this backdrop that the researcher recommended that employees need to be allowed to actively take part in meetings and workshops at the onset where the envisaged changes are discussed and management needs to solicit constant feedback from staff throughout the process and take their views into account when restructuring.

137-147

Authors: Osagie, Constance Iyore, Ph.D

The study examined stressors, effects and coping strategies among teachers in secondary schools in Esan Central Senatorial District, Edo State, Nigeria. The descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. The proportionate random sampling technique was used to select a total of three hundred and eight (308) teachers representing 50% of the teachers from the entire population of all the six hundred and sixteen (616) public senior secondary school teachers in Esan Central Senatorial Edo State. The research instrument used was a 30–item questionnaire developed by the researcher and titled Stress Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ) for teachers. The content validity of this instrument was ensured by experts in Measurement and Evaluation, Ambrose Alli University Ekpoma. The test-retest method was used to determine the reliability of the instrument. Descriptive statistics such as mean (X) and standard deviation (S.D) was used to analyze the data collected. The result showed that stress is a cankerworm that emanates from work overload, crowded class conditions, poor working conditions, lack of social support and lack of teaching accessories among others. Based on findings, was concluded that stress lessens teachers’ quality of instructional delivery, lowers teachers’ morale, job satisfaction, job performance and increases attrition among teachers. Hence, it was recommended that teachers in Edo State should always endeavour to manage stress by getting emotional support from others such as more experience teachers who could give them directives on how to manage the current challenges they are facing at school.

156-177

Authors: Aliyu Alhaji Jibrilla

This study addresses the question of financial development and institutional quality influence on the environmental sustainability of some 13 countries from the sub-Saharan Africa. Relying upon pooled mean group (PMG) for panel data, we provide evidence which suggest that both financial development and institutional quality are statistically significant determinants of per capita carbon dioxide emissions in the region. More specifically, we found that without healthy institutions and sound financial system sub-Saharan African countries might not avoid environmental degradation experienced by advanced nations during their early stage of economic progress. Our results also support the EKC hypothesis in the region. In addition, the paper also shows that more openness to FDI inflows is good for the environment across the SSA. These findings suggest the need for institutional and financial service reform that supports robust environmental conservation.

196-205

Authors: Dr. K. Lenin *

This paper presents Harmony Search algorithm (HS) for solving the reactive power problem. Real power loss minimization is the major objective & also voltage profiles are should be kept within the limits. This paper introduces a new search model the harmony search (HS) algorithm is a relatively new population-based metaheuristic optimization algorithm. It emulates the music improvisation progression where musicians improvise their instruments’ pitch by searching for a perfect state of harmony. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm, it has been tested on practical 191 test system & real power loss has been considerably reduced.

212-219

Authors: Dr. K. Lenin

This paper presents an advanced particle swarm optimization Algorithm for solving the reactive power problem in power system. Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm (BFOA) has recently emerged as a very powerful technique for real parameter optimization. In order to overcome the delay in optimization and to further enhance the performance of BFO, this paper proposed a new hybrid algorithm combining the features of BFOA and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) called advanced bacterial foraging-oriented particle swarm optimization (ABFPSO) algorithm for solving reactive power problem. The simulation results demonstrate good performance of the ABFPSO in solving an optimal reactive power problem. In order to evaluate the proposed algorithm, it has been tested on IEEE 57 bus system and compared to other algorithms.

239-245

Authors: M. Sudhakar Reddy 1 , T. Byragi Reddy 2 , CH. Venkataramana

Presence of heavy metal concentration in the ground water may cause health problems during intake of through different ways. Present study focused on heavy metal concentration of ground water in the sub-urban areas of Visakhapatnam City, AP, India. Most of heavy metals i.e., Aluminum (Al), Chromium (Cr), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni), Zinc (Zn), Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg) and Lead (Pb) were analyzed using Inductive Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Mean values of Zn (1.845) > Mn (1.203) > Fe (0.664) > Al (0.334) > Pb (0.245) > Ni (0.082) > Cr (0.066) > As (0.028) > Cd (0.012) > Hg (0.010) results respectively. Results shows that all heavy metal concentrations were exceeded the water quality permissible limit and this area were not suitable for domestic purpose and use before proper treatment.

259-273

Authors: Priyanka Saxena *1, Shefali

Content Based Image Retrieval system automatically retrieves the most relevant images to the query image by extracting the visual features instead of keywords from images. Over the years, several researches have been conducted in this field but the system still faces the challenge of semantic gap and subjectivity of human perception. This paper proposes the extraction of lowlevel visual features by employing color moment, Local Binary Pattern and Canny Edge Detection techniques for extracting color, texture and edge features respectively. The combination of these features is used in conjunction with Support Vector Machine to reduce the retrieval time and improve the overall precision. Also, the challenge of semantic gap between low and high level features is addressed by incorporating Relevance Feedback. Average precision value of 0.782 was obtained by combining the color, texture and edge features, 0.896 was obtained by using combined features with SVM, 0.882 was obtained by using combined features with Relevance Feedback to overcome the challenge of semantic gap. Experimental results exhibit improved performance than other state of the art techniques.

278-290

Authors: Silver J. Hokororo *1, Ernest Kitindi 2 , Francis Michael

Universities in Tanzania as many others in Africa and the globe are faced with the challenge of retaining their academic staff. This study examined the dimensionality and generalization of Job Embeddedness Theory, a promising perspective for understanding employee retention, in the context of academic staff in Tanzania’s universities. A survey of 314 members of academic staff from 2 Public Universities and 3 Private Universities was conducted, and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Split Sample Cross Validation were used in determining the appropriate dimensionality and generalizability of Job Embeddedness Model in the context of study, respectively. Results indicated that that job embeddedness in the context of academic staff in Tanzania’s universities is a seven factors model. The results also indicate that seven variables out of 30 in the model were not stable, hence compromising generalizability of the model in the context of the study. It was recommended that, since Job Embeddedness Theory is a developing perspective, the volatile variables should be considered for revision or deletion in the future studies, before a seven-factor Job Embeddedness model is accepted for generalizability to larger population of academic members of staff in Tanzania’s Universities.

301-308

Authors: Sumit Gupta *1, Sumit Pahwa

Our primary goal is to finish layout of stair is to ensure that the shape is safe and most economical in opposition to all feasible loading situations and to fulfill the feature for which they've built. Safety necessities should be in order that the structure is able to serve it cause with the hold fee. Detailed planning of the shape normally comes from several studies made by using city planners, investors, users, architects and different engineers. All the demanding situations faced via structural engineers had been taken as opportunities to develop software program’s together with STAAD-PRO, ETABS & SAFE, SAP etc., with ease of use. Software consisting of STAAD-pro is main commercial software program global for structural evaluation. The design outcomes the usage of STAAD PRO of a Stair case, for each regular and abnormal plan configuration, are used. Reinforced Concrete (RC) building frames are most common sorts of constructions in city India.

321-325

Authors: Dr. Jain Ankita Pravin 1 , Dr. Vivek S. Chandurkar

A 49yrs male patient presenting with udarvriddhi (abdominal distention), dourbalya (gen. weakness), ubhaypadshoth (bilateral pedal edema) diagnosed as Udarvyadhi (ascites) was brought to SSNJ Ayurved Hospital, Solapur.Patient was treated with an integrated approach of ayurveda. According to ayurveda, treatment of is nityavirechana (purgative), agnideepan (increase appetite), balaprapti (stimulant for hepatic function), lepachikitsa, Proper diet (cow milk) and external application of arkapattabandhan (belt made by leaves of Calotropisprocera). Appreciable results were observed in the form of reduction in abdominal girth, decreased pedal edema, increased appetite, increased strength and significant changes in investigations

332-339

Authors: ओमपाल सिंह (शा ेध छात्र)१ , डा॰ हेम ेन्द्र सिंह

शिक्षा मानव जीवन का श्रं ृगार है । शिक्षा के माध्यम से ही व्यक्ति एक विशिष्ट व्यक्तित्व को प्राप्त करन े में सक्षम हो सकता है । अन ेक बार अशिक्षित व्यक्ति भी प्रभावशील होता है; परन्त ु, शिक्षा क े अभाव म ें वह मुख्य रूप से अपन े परिवेश से ही अधिकतम ज ुड़ा हुआ रहता है जिस क े कारण वह अपनी उन विशिष्टताओं का े व्यापक रूप प्रदान करन े में प्रायः अक्षम रहता है जिन से कि वह सम्पूर्ण भारतीय और विदेशी नागरिकों को लाभ पहुँचा सक े । वर्तमान वैश्विक परिदृश्य यह संकेत करता है कि वह देश वैश्विक धरातल पर टिका नहीं रह सकता जिस के नागरिक शिक्षा से वंचित हैं । भारतीय परिप्रेक्ष्य में बच्चों की शिक्षा से सम्बन्धित अन ेक समस्याएँ दृष्टिगोचर हो रही हैं, जिस के कारण भारतीय समाज का प्रत्येक वर्ग समान रूप से विकसित नहीं हो रहा है । अन ेक शासकीय योजनाओं क े पश्चात भी बच्चों की शिक्षा से सम्बन्धित समस्याएँ पूर्ववत ही हैं और भारतीय बौद्धिक सम्पदा में कमी हो रही है ।

351-355

Authors: Md. Shahjahan Ali 1 , S. M. Mizanur Rahman 1 , Abu Mohammad 1 , Shyamal Baran Saha 1 , S.A.M. Arif-Ul-Haque 1 , Ms. Nazma 2 , Ashfaque Ahmed 3

This study has been carried out to distinguish the changing pattern of land use and its geoenvironmental impacts on of Nachole Upazila of Chapai Nawabganj District in the Division of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. This study investigated the changes in land-use and land cover of Nachole Upazila. Satellite images were analyzed to detect changes in land use and land-cover in the last 34 years in Barind tract of Nachole Upazila of Bangladesh. The Increase of vegetation cover and changes in land use pattern has been investigated using remote sensing satellite data. Digital analysis found the significant changes, particularly on the burned land that has been transformed mostly into vegetation (Rahman & Rahman, 2007). The study found that during the last 34 years (1983-2016) 26,484.9 hectares of the bare soil area has been converted into Garden and 5306.4 hectares to settlement. The main objectives of the study were to find out the landuse changing patterns and its Geo-environmental impacts due to these changes on Nachole Upazilla of Chapai Nawabgonj District in the Division of Rajshahi, Bangladesh.

364-372

Authors: Kouassi Kouadio Henri 1 , Kouassi Roland Hervé 2 , Amon Ano Denis-Esdras

The threat which is on the forests and wooded spaces of Africa and particularly those of Côte d'Ivoire is accentuated over the years. The quoted leading causes are the land pressure related to demography, the anarchistic exploitation of the forest woody plants and itinerant agriculture. In many cases, the afforestation is the recommended palliative measure. But with which woody plants does one retimber in Côte d'Ivoire? Which assessment are previous initiatives made? On several occasions the exotic woody plants with rapid growth were used without success. The main objective of this study is to identify local woody plants with rapid growths of which the use will contribute to a significant degree to fast regeneration of our forests, degraded spaces and the postfarming fallow. Floristic inventories and measurements were carried out on the stems of Albizia adianthifolia and Albizia zygia in elementary plots of 400 m ² (20m X 20m). Two local arborescent Leguminous plants with rapid growth were identified for this purpose. They were: Albizia adianthifolia and Albizia zygia. The experiments showed that these species reach the maximas of their growth in height and thickness as from nine (9) years. The sowing of the fallow and/or spaces degraded by these woody species supports the fast regeneration of these degraded spaces

385-394

Authors: Babajide P.A. *1 , Akinrinola T. B. 2 , Oyeyiola Y.B. 1 , Okoro-Robinson M.O. 3 , Salami T.B. 4 , Adesina Adedayo 5 , Akindeere A. A. 1

Under intensive cropping systems in the tropics, application of chemical fertilizers becomes an apparently indispensable means of replenishing the rapidly depleting soil nutrients. However, the reported side effects of continuous application of synthetic fertilizers on soil and man are now a major concern. Hence, determination of the potentials of some easily exploitable natural or organic-based fertilizer material(s), which can effectively compete with the commonly used synthetic fertilizers like NPK 15-15-15, is a worthwhile scientific approach, not towards improved performance of versatile arable crop like maize, but also for total eradication or alleviation of chemical inputs on tropical soils. A field experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farms, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Ogbomoso, in the year 2017, to comparatively determine the effects of NPK fertilizer and some selected organic-based fertilizer / ammendments on growth, yield and nutrient uptakes of maize (Zea mays). Six treatments were introduced, T0 (the control which received no fertilizer application), T1 (NPK fertilizer application), T2 (Tithonia compost application), T3 (Organomineral fertilizer application), T4 (Poultry manure application) and T5 (Cow dung application). All fertilizers were applied at recommended rates. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), replicated thrice. Data were collected on growth and yield parameters, and were subjected to analysis of variance. Means were separated using Duncan multiple range test. Application of different fertilizer materials significantly improved maize performance and nutrient uptakes, compared to the control. Organomineral fertilizer application produced the highest values of most of the growth and yield parameters measured. Although, the values obtained were mostly not significantly different from other fertilizer materials tested (except for cow dung, which was in some cases, significantly lower in values than other fertilizers tested, but significantly higher than the control (which steadily had the least values of all the parameters measured). Such significant increments may be due to the cherished attributes of organomineral fertilizer (some its nutritious fractions may be rapidly released while remaining fractions may be slowly released, over a long period of time). Hence, application of organomineral is therefore recommended. This will considerably reduce chemical loads on the soil in the study area. Meanwhile, in order to be purely organic in maize production, either composted tithonia or poultry manure is recommended for the study area. This will not only prevent total dependence on harmful and highly priced chemical fertilizers, but may promote improved soil nutrition and hygienic crop productivity.

407-420

Authors: Professor Dr. H. Muntholib SM, MS 1 , Professor Dr. Maisah M.Pd. I 1 , Dr. Maryani S.Ag, M.HI 1

Management of Islamic Boarding Schools in the Development of Islamic Education in Jambi Province. Dissertation, Management of Islamic Education / Postgraduate Program of Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi Islamic University, 2018. The purpose of this study was to find out about Islamic boarding schools that have not been effective in the development of Islamic Education in Jambi Province due to interenal and external factors, want to know and find planning ), organizing, implementing actuating and controlling Islamic boarding schools in the development of Islamic Religious Education in Jambi Province, and wanting to know about the concept of Islamic boarding school development in Islamic Education in Jambi Province. The research approach used is a qualitative approach to the type of case study. It is hoped that the image will be raised about quality, social reality, the perception of the target researchers. Data collection techniques are carried out by means of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study have not been effective, because of internal and external factors that exist in Islamic boarding schools in the development of Islamic Religious Education. Planning the management of Islamic boarding schools has been based on clear objectives, but not optimal, there is no maximum human and financial resources. Organizing at the Islamic Boarding School is functional, the division of labor has been achieved, the work guidelines are not optimal, and leaders of Islamic boarding schools often delegate to Deputy leaders, because the Kyai are not daily at the pesantren. The management of Islamic boarding schools has cooperated with stakeholders, has not produced graduates above national standards, the committee is not optimal, guidance is not optimal and there are rewards and funmenmen. Supervision of Islamic Boarding School management for maximal absenteeism, optimal information, active computerized system, pesantren website is less active, six-month meetings are less optimal, once a year meeting are optimal, active in motivation and active in clarification and correction. The concept of development is the design of developing something that already exists in order to improve the quality of more advanced. Recommendations The results of this dissertation research, researchers recommend specifically to: Leaders and Managers of the Zulhijjah Muara Bulian Islamic Boarding School in Batanghari, Syekh Maulana Qori Merangin Leaders and Pesantren, Head of the Ministry of Religion Jambi Province and Leaders of Non-Formal Education Institutions, and Community Organizations

434-441

Authors: Doraswamy Naick B. R , Venkateswara Rao Bavisetti

This Article to express the role of Web based information services of Civil and Mechanical Engineering faculty of University College of Engineering Autonomous Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada the Researcher has used the survey method to collect data from the University College of Engineering Autonomous faculty especially Regular Library users. The faculty are processed technically and tabulated as to the variables of the concerned topic of online resources.

451-457

Authors: F. Sini , I. M Atadashi

Biodiesel was prepared through alkali-catalysed transesterification of neem seed oil using sodium hydroxide as catalyst and ethanol. This process of was carried out firstly throuch eserification and then via transesterification. The process was carried out by varying stirring speed (350, 450, 550, 650, 750 and 850 rpm.) and keeping other variables constant (temperature of 60oC, catalyst concentration of 1w/w% and 6:1 oil to ethanol molar ratio). In this research work, a yield of 93w/w% was achieved at the stirring speed of 850 rpm. It was observed that the viscosity (3.73mm2 /s at 400C) of neem oil methylester generated was within the limit (2-6mm2 /s) specified by the American Society for Testing and Materials Standards. The density of neem biodiesel at ambient temperature (250C) was found to be 0.85g/ml, which is exactly close to the density of diesel (0.83g/ml). The Flash Point of the neem oil biodiesel produced was 153.60C which above the ASTM D6751 minimum standards for biodiesel fuel of 130oC. Furthermore, Neem oil biodiesel has a pour point of -4 0C and a cloud point of 20C. These values clearly indicate that the use of neem oil methyl esters in colder regions is limited. However, this value is also indicative of the high potential of this fuel as biodiesel particularly in Northern Nigeria where temperature is always above 20oC, a temperature at which the oil is fluid.

478-486

Authors: Daniela Cipu , Dan Simion Cipu , Agneta Maria Pusztai , Anca Alexandra Matusz

Bronchopulmonary neoplasm is the first cause of cancer mortality in the world and a major public health problem, affecting 17% of men and 12% of women; in this context it is very important and necessary to establish the correct diagnosis in the early stages of the disease in order to initiate the required surgical therapy [1].

497-504

Authors: Alofoje Unuigboje

Steel Complex constitutes the substratum of industrialization, without which attempts at industrial development remain a pipe dream, bleeding resources of a nation and ensuring the transfer of resources to the declination of developmental efforts.

520-534

Authors: Awad O. Mohamed , Adam A. Mater , Ahmed M.A. Hammad , Abd Elaziz S.A. Ishag Ali M. Eldein , Elsadig M. Eltayeb , Asia A. Dahab , Ahmed Abdul Gader , Azhari O. Abdelbagi

A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out in Khartoum State to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of farmers towards pesticide residues on the vegetables grown in greenhouses. Fourteen farmers from seven localities of Khartoum State were selected and interviewed. The results revealed that majority of farmers (92.9%) between the age of 25 and 45 years old, while only one farmer (7.1%) was aging more than 45 years old. Regarding the educational level, the study showed that 20% were illiterates, whereas 40% had completed secondary high school, and 40% were university graduates. Almost 93 % of them obtained training on pesticide use, handling, wear personal protective equipment and follow the instructions of the labels when using each pesticide. But unfortunately, 57% of them didn’t know that the pesticide’s residues can remain on the vegetables. Results also demonstrated that 92.8% of farmers showed poor practices regarding the disposal of empty pesticides containers. The study indicated that 71.4% of farmers were collecting their vegetables three days after spraying, while 28.6% were collecting after two days. These poor practices may lead to high concentration of pesticides’ residues on the vegetables thus endangering the health of consumers.