INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH -GRANTHAALAYAH

9-16

Authors: Ummuhabeeba Chaliyan *1

This paper quantifies and analyses the issue gender digital divide which has been prominent in discussions of the information society. The phenomena digital divide can in brief be defined as inequality of Internet access. But access alone does not solve anything; the actual problem about digital divide is very complex. While it would be very interesting to explore the relationship between the digital divide and gender identity among the multiple faces of digital divide based on age, job, nation, education etc. Researchers were quick to observe that women tend to be latecomers to the digital age. As a consequence, the new technology was popularly portrayed as a male domain.

30-36

Authors: Mr.Kunal.S.Pawar *1, Prof.Pravin.C.Latane 2

With the development in the education system, considering the latest current online exam system, a new projection of online exam system based on Raspberry pi IOT is proposed, and the key implementation techniques and methods are also described. The growing ubiquity of wireless, RFID mobile and sensor devices has provide a promising opportunity to build the powerful examination systems and applications by Internet of Things (IoT). A wide range of IoT applications have been developed in recent years. In an effort to understand the development of IoT in online examination, here we propose the current research of IoT, IOT key enabling technologies, major IoT applications in online examination and identifies research trends and challenges. Here we initially all the examine details are stored in the server. Then By applying face recognition (in Open CV based) technique, you can start the online examination. Due to sometime unwanted person also enter to wright the exam, so this is the best way to identified any culprits are found or not.

47-53

Authors: Artur Wymysłowski *1

Vircator is a vacuum microwave device characterised by a pulse working signal and high power. It is classified as a High-Power Microwave (HPM) device and often is a component of Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) weapons and microwave power transmissions. The direct source of a microwave signal is an oscillation of the so-called virtual cathode. The goal of the presented research was to apply analytical analysis and numerical prototyping methods as a methodology for optimization of the electrical and mechanical design taking into account transformation of electrons' energy into a microwave signal. One of the key drawbacks of viractors as a microwave source is a low energy efficiency transformation, which is typically of a single percentage.

59-64

Authors: Dr. Sc. Safet Krasniqi *1

Ensuring the existing capacities as a basic condition for a quality education, in education is connected in the beginning with a level of consciousness that captures in itself the need of educational planning building. These mechanisms despite that they are legal it has also to do with building up the capacities through twinning projects, funded by EU. The planning process has started by the SWOT program. The analyses showed weak points for ensuring the quality in education and they are separation of responsibilities between institutions. What is indispensable in Kosovo, it is building mechanisms to ensure quality assessment. The methods used in this paper are more research of materials and less comparative as far as the course and previous actions in Kosovo education. It is approved and entered into effect the law for education and capacity enhancement in Kosovo that aims supplying the people of all ages with professional knowledge. During the theses paper we are going to elaborate wider many theoretical and practical issues which deal with intentions, strategies and European standards which coordinate possibilities of accomplishment of objectives and ranking Kosovo education within education of European countries.

73-77

Authors: डाॅ0 श्रीमती हीना परवीन

गाँधी-दर्शन के आधार तत्व सत्य, अहिंसा और प्र ेम हैं और इसी आधार पर राजनीतिक, धार्मिक और आर्थिक विचारों की बेल फल-फूल रही है। यही तीन तत्व प्रकाश, जल और वायु की भँाति सम्पूर्ण गाँधी-दर्शन को पोषित व पल्लवित कर रहे हैं। प्रस्तुत आलेख द्वारा हम वर्तमान समाज में गाँधी-दर्शन की अनिवार्यता तथा प्रासंगिकता अवलोकन करेंगे।

93-113

Authors: Engr. Oghenerukevwe Prosper 1 , Hilary Uguru *2

Knowledge of the engineering properties of seeds is essential for the design and development of their harvesting, handling and processing machines. Engineering properties of post-harvest bean seeds have been well studied, but the influence of maturation on the engineering properties of most crops including bean seeds have not been fully studied. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of maturity stage on some engineering properties of three bean varieties (butter, brown and white cowpea) grown in Nigeria. The bean seeds were harvested at 15, 20 and 25 days after flowering, and these engineering properties; average thousand seed mass, size, volume, geometric mean, sphericity, surface area, arithmetic mean, bulk density, true density, porosity, coefficient of static friction, hydration capacity and coefficient, and swelling capacity and coefficient were investigated. The results showed that maturity stage of the bean seeds significantly (P≤ 0.05) affects all their studied. Correlations between the engineering properties and maturity stage for the three bean varieties were relatively high. Over the course of a maturation time, the moisture content declined from 83.40 to 42.31, 86.59 to 46.73, and 87.15 to 47.82 % (wb) for butter, white cowpea and brown bean seeds respectively. From the results, the ideal period for bean pods harvest, processing and handling for the three bean varieties is between 20 to 25 days after anthesis, since the seeds will be having maximum dry weight and higher viability. The results gotten from this research are important in the design and development of processing and handling machines.

128-137

Authors: Alemnesh Diramo 1 , Rahemato Negash 1 , Agidew Abebe 1

The study was conducted in Amaro Woreda of southern Ethiopia with the main objectives to identify the main determinants of household food Security. Data were analyzed by simple descriptive statistics (percentage, frequency and mean), inferential statistics (Chi-square and t-test) and logistic regression (binary logit) model. Household calorie acquisition was used to measure the status of household food security. Through systematic sampling method 151 respondents were identified. Among those 40.4% of the respondents were food insecure and 59.6% were food secure. The logistic model was initially fitted with 11 variables of which five were found to be significance effect on the household food security. Cultivated land size, livestock holding, education level, household labor and annual gross household income were significantly affecting household food security. Farm households have employed different coping strategies including sale of livestock, reduce size of meals and reduce number of meals at initial stage of food shortage and receive food aid, sale/consume seed meant and reduce size of meals at sever stage of food shortage. Improved food security is attained along with the increase in the size of cultivated land and livestock holdings. Improved technologies that increase the productivity of land and livestock should be given prior attention.

144-254

Authors: Dr. Manasvi Shrivastav

The purpose of the study is to assess the relationship between locus of control and superstitious behavior of people of UP. 300 participants were selected through quota sampling from various places of UP. Age and education related factors treated as controlled variables. To assess locus of control in subjects Hindi adaptation of “Rotter’s Locus of Control scale” of Dr. Anand Kumar & S.N. Srivastav has been used. It consists of 29 items in it. Superstitious Behavior Scale (selfconstructed) has been used, which is consisting of 40 items. Each item have three alternatives: (a) I will definitely do it. (b) If not possible, I will not do it. (c) I don’t believe in it. Ex-post facto research design has been used. Data is analyse by chi-square method. Result show that external locus of control is responsible for high superstitious behavior.

157-166

Authors: Peter Anyigor Okorie *1

The functional properties, proximate composition and phytochemical characteristics of a local Nigerian white melon seed flour was determine in this study. Foaming capacity, emulsion capacity, oil absorption, water absorption, and bulk density tests were conducted. The moisture, protein, fat, fibre, ash, carbohydrate, flavonoid, saponin, carotenoid and alkaloid contents of the flour were determined. The results show that the functional properties of the flour are: foaming capacity 0.03 %, emulsion capacity 60.50 %, oil absorption capacity 34.10 %, water absorption capacity 18.60 % and bulk density 1.62 g/ml. The proximate composition of the flour are: carbohydrate 58.43 %, protein 32.55 %, moisture 1.70 %, fat 29.00 %, crude fibre 6.15 % and ash 0.85 %. The flour has the following phytochemical composition: flavonoid 3.13 %, saponin 4.88 %, carotenoid 1.80 % and alkaloid 5.90 %. The analysis revealed that the flour could be used in soup making and infant food formulation. It could also be useful for prevention and cure of heart related diseases.

177-189

Authors: P.K. Olulope 1 , O.S.Adeoye

This paper examines the power quality of Ado-Ekiti metropolis in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The metrics of power quality includes: disturbances such as interruptions, voltage sags, spikes and momentary losses, power harmonics, and voltage unbalances with intrinsic effects on the efficiency and performances on the electric equipment. The necessity for this paper is the fluctuations of voltage supplied to the consumers by the distribution company in Ekiti State. These have significant effects on the power delivered to consumers ‘appliances, quality of their lives and the development of the society at large. The quality of voltage of each consumer in the selected areas were measured with the aid of digital multimeter which was compared with the standard nominal voltage of 240V, voltage deviations were evaluated through the use of standard mathematical equation and linear regression model was employed on the calculated voltage deviation with day and time used as inputs and the voltage deviation as the output. The implementation of the modelling was achieved through the use of Microsoft Excel data tool. The power quality for areas1, 2, 3 for the hours under consideration were poor with respect to R2 range of above 0.5 but better than that area 4 with R2 value of less than 0.5.The results were compared and recommendations were made with the view of improving the power quality in the metropolis.

201-228

Authors: Tamrat Dina Teresa

The major objective of this study was to investigate the quality of education, research and service delivery in Gambella University. To realize this objective, the summary write up was deployed the qualitative presentation of data and statistical records presentation of certain data of numerical values. Descriptive and explanatory research technique was also employed to narrate the audit outcomes. Systematic approaches using the computational techniques – SPSS and Excel 2010 has been used in the process of data analysis. This institutional quality audit report has provided a description and evaluation of the quality of Gambella University educational provision and of its mechanisms for assuring quality and relevance

234-239

Authors: G. D. Kostina

Creation of a project team is the first stage in the long sequence of all works which are related to the desired project. At this stage, a group of participants should be carefully chosen, based not only on their experience in the project area, but also on their compatibility and willingness to work together in a mutually helping way. In the paper, after a survey of related publications, project team types and characteristics are considered and arising problems are identified. These problems are related mainly to badly specified duties of team members, weak information links between them, fuzzy project goal and competition for dominance between members, It is found, that the project team formation can be viewed as a mathematically complex multi-criteria optimization task. A new method of team formation is proposed, which does not require deep mathematical background from the project manager. The method is based on the use of the competence technique. However, in contrast with the use of this technique in human resource management, the proposed method takes into account the important aspect of psychological compatibility of team members, which can appear to be the decisive factor in the project success. The method is presented as a simple algorithm which can be used by the project manager in the team formation

240-245

Authors: Peter Anyigor Okorie

The proximate and microbiological compositions of kilishi, a processed meat at Abakaliki, southeast of Nigeria was determined in this study. The moisture, protein, fat, and ash contents, including the microbial count of the raw meat and kilishi in the study area were investigated to ascertain the processing effect. The results show that kilishi has higher protein content, fat content and ash content relative to the raw meat with the difference of 17.04 %, 4.66 % and 1.94 %. The moisture content and microbial count of kilishi are lower compared to the raw meat with a difference of 62.00 % and 17.33 cfu/g. The analysis suggests that the kilishi sold at Abakaliki is safe for human consumption.

255-262

Authors: V.R. Uma

Older people are the only growing segment of world’s population. They are one of the important consumers and contributors to the economic and social lives of the member states of this world. As citizens, they should share the same rights as people of other ages to access to every part of our society. Yet, the reality of life is that older people face barriers in some of the most basic areas of life –areas which other members of our community can access at will – just because of their age. older people and indeed people from other age groups, face unnecessary discrimination in other parts of their lives and this is neither in the interests of individuals or in the interest of our economy and society. In an ageing society we need a cultural and policy framework which breaks down barriers to participation rather than erecting and permitting them, and maximises the ability of individuals to participate in economic and social activity, whatever their personal characteristics.

276-288

Authors: Ojekunle Joel Ademola (Ph.D)

Household travel is the major origin of traffic flow in the urban centres. Urban residents travel for various purposes; planning and managing urban travel requires that city planners and managers understand their flow pattern across the city space. This study therefore, was conducted to analyse the spatial pattern of household travel in Minna City, Nigeria. The data were collected through questionnaire administration on 1,303 respondents using Open Data Kit (ODK) package. To do this, the city was divided into four cluster zones, from which three different residential densities were selected in each of the zones. The study reveals that trip generation and attraction is significantly different among different residential densities in the city. The analysis of variance reveals there is significant difference in trip distances covered by different residential area in the city with a p-value of <0.001. The study therefore recommends that there is need to create spatial balance in the location of services needed and land use activities across the residential densities and also provide an effective and efficient public transportation system to the city residents especially along the main traffic corridors

300-320

Authors: Sjamsul Arief

This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of regional financial independence, capital expenditure, government investment with moderate effects of disparity between regions and income disparities to economic growth, employment and community welfare. Data analysis method used was Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Partial Least Square (PLS) approach, to test the ten hypotheses formulated in this research, then used path analysis (Path Analysis). The conclusions of this study are: (1) Regional financial independence has a positive and significant impact on economic growth, while regional financial independence with moderate effects of disparity between regions has a negative but not significant effect on economic growth. (2) Regional financial independence has a positive and insignificant effect on labor absorption, while regional financial independence with moderate effects of disparity between regions has positive and insignificant effect. (3) Regional financial independence has a positive and significant impact on the welfare of the community. (4) Local government capital expenditure has negative and insignificant effect on economic growth, while regional government capital expenditure with moderate effect of disparity between regions has positive and insignificant effect on economic growth. (5) Local government capital expenditure has negative and insignificant effect on labor absorption, while regional government capital expenditure with moderate effect of disparity between regions has positive and insignificant effect on labor absorption. (6) Local government investment has negative and insignificant effect on economic growth, while local government investment with moderate effect of inter-regional disparity has positive effect not significant to economic growth. (7) Local government investment has a positive and significant effect on labor absorption, while local government investment with moderate effect of disparity between regions has negative and insignificant effect on labor absorption. (8) Economic growth has a positive and significant impact on the welfare of the community, while the economic growth with the effect of moderation income disparity has a positive but insignificant effect on people's welfare. (9) Employment absorption has a negative and significant effect on people's welfare, while employment absorption with moderation effect of income disparity has negative and insignificant effect on people's welfare. (10) Local government investment has a positive and insignificant effect

326-333

Authors: D.Melbha

Since the internet has become a part and parcel of our existence, online shopping sites are burgeoning and getting popular with every passing day. Shopping, the definition and the concept, both have been revolutionized in the recent years. This is an inevitable part of progress, technically and socially. Presently social factors influence the online shopping. So I select this study, Impact of Socio Economic factors Influence online shopping. In this study I use 50 Private, public employees for data collection then this data collection purpose select Thiruvananthapuram city

377-379

Authors: Dr. Paras Jain

Children are ambassador of new generation. They belong age of adoption and learning. They may be molded in any shape. Aim of religious preaching is enlighten the way of life, to make able children to face challenges, and knowledge of dos and don’ts. It is helpful to develop optimistic attitude and morality. Present study is focused on finding of impact of religious preaching on children gender wise and age group wise

391-406

Authors: Koilada Abhinash

The most effective method for producing intense turbulence is by the impingement of one flame on another. This action is secured through the use of burners located in each of the four corners of the furnace. The burner nozzles are so directed that the streams of coal and air are projected along a line tangent to a small circle, lying in a horizontal plane, at the centre of the furnace. A scrubbing action is present which assures contact between the combustible and oxygen, thus promoting rapid combustion and reducing carbon loss. The experimental results of this study can be summarized as the use of tangentially fired boiler which increase splendid air-fuel mixture and pulverized coal is entrained in Primary Air (PA), and in-addition to that the Secondary Air (SA) is also projected towards the mill, finally a rotating “FIRE BALL” is formed. The present work analysis is carried out on Tangentially Fired Boiler by considering heat input through four burners. The heat output is determined by considering various losses from the boiler that is loss due to dry gas, loss due to moisture, loss due to H2 for combustion, heat loss due to combustile and refuse and losses due to radiation etc. In addition heat absorbed by economizer, boilers, superheater and reheater are studied, thus finally the net heat absorbed and thermal efficiency of tangentially fired boiler are determined. Graphs are drawn to evaluate the various effects of heat input on output parameters in the boiler. Sankey diagrams are drawn to show the performance in the boiler. The values calculated are put and shown as tables in Appendix

413-430

Authors: Md.Mahbobor Rahaman

Bangladesh is one of the rapidly developing countries not only the south Asian region but also around the world. Each and every day Bangladesh has been introducing new and impressing ideas in compare with the developed countries. The government of Bangladesh has recently introduced new vision of digitalization each and every parts of this country. In this paper an important issue, national Identity (NID) card and its modernization, was discussed with some tremendous thinking on the context of digital Bangladesh. The paper was divided in to two parts one is current or existing National ID card systems and the second part was making a universal and modernization of this NID on the context of digital Bangladesh. In this paper there was a suggestion for making a Universal NID (UNID) card for Bangladeshi nations. Each and every task can be done by this Universal NID (UNID) card within Bangladesh and government maintain a data center or database office for collecting all the data around country. Finally, this paper suggests some recommendations for making a successful Universal NID (UNID) card on the context of digital Bangladesh.

450-455

Authors: Rajat Pugaliya

Cloud Computing is an emerging field in the IT industry. Cloud computing provides computing services over the Internet. Cloud Computing demand increasing drastically, which has enforced cloud service provider to ensure proper resource utilization with less cost and less energy consumption. In recent time various consolidation problems found in cloud computing like the task, VM, and server consolidation. These consolidation problems become challenging for resource utilization in cloud computing. We found in the literature review that there is a high level of coupling in resource utilization, cost, and energy consumption. The main challenge for cloud service provider is to maximize the resource utilization, reduce the cost and minimize the energy consumption. The dynamic task consolidation of virtual machines can be a way to solve the problem. This paper presents the comparative study of various task consolidation algorithms.

476-480

Authors: Dr. M.Thoiba Singh

The Nata Sankirtana style of singing which was introduced during the reign of Rajarshi Bhagyachandra (1763-1798 A.D.). The great masters and scholars of that period composed and sang the padavali strictly after the Bhagavata tradition and other major Vaishnavite text and based the composition also on the traditional Ragas and Raginis of classical music tradition. Modern research has discovered a lot of regional overtones in the architecture of the particular Ragas and Raginis. The Manipuris call the Nata Sankirtana singing their own and it is clearly a form of collective prayer, a Mahayajna as they call it, lasting for about 5 hours at a stretch with a lot of rituals, movements and rhythmic pattern, strictly after the vaishnavite faith. Nata Sankirtana is a composite version of music, dance and tala; a Sangeet in the true sense of the term. It is also Drishya Kavya, a poem made visible. Nata Sankirtan is a very important aspect in the lives of the people in Manipur. It is because when our end is near, people listen to Hari-naam to relieve us from all the wrong doings that we have done before, so that we die peacefully. After death the family members would take the dead body for the last rites. In the shraddha ceremony, the Nat Sankirtana will start with raga. Before the invocation of the god and prayers start, Pinda- dan cannot be offered. After offering the Pindadan, the owner of the ceremony will have a bath and wear washed clothes. He will then come and offer his respects towards the end of the Sankirtan when Raga Bijay is being performed. The Shraddha ceremony comes to an end with the guardian of the Mandap sending the departed soul to beikuntha dham. In case of any death in a house, Naam Sankirtana plays an important role. In the ten days of mourning or Dashahan, the ritual will start with Naam Sankirtana and other rituals like reading Shrimad Bhagavat Gita will follow. The particular person who mourns, known as the Gira thangba, will only offer Pindadan after the Sankirtana starts. Even in asti sanchai or the ritual of picking up the remains from the grave, Sankirtana is performed along with Parikrama around the Hari mandir. In this manner,for Meitei Vaishnavites living in the society today, Nat Sankirtana Mahayajna was become an indispensable event in the lives of the people since time immemorial. In short, Nata Sankirtana is the only highest karma for the Meitei society. This paper attempts to understand the important role of Nata Sankirtana in Manipuri society