INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH -GRANTHAALAYAH

1-16

Authors: Franklin Ovuelelolo Okorodudu *1 , Philip Ogheneogaga Okorodudu 2 , Ekerikevwe Kennedy Irikefe 3

In recent times, petroleum pipeline vandalism resulting into spillage has become a significant challenge in Nigeria. Citizens are regularly inundated with reported cases of vandalism which often lead to spillage and a drastic reduction in government’s revenue as is currently the case in Nigeria. This paper focuses on the design of petroleum pipeline spillage detection system. The design consists of the power supply unit, the comparator unit, the microcontroller unit, the switching unit, the transceiver unit and the base station. Simulation of the various units was done individually using the procedural programming application Proteus 8. Most of the components used were according to design specifications from data book with alternatives used in cases where they are unavailable. Wiring sensors which provided continuous electrical paths to break the signal path and trigger an alarm at the base station were used The design was done in units and were tested individually and the whole system was tested to perform the required task of detecting petroleum spillage and alerting the control room for action. It is found that the designed system had the advantage of responding to intrusion and vandalism better than existing systems.

17--23

Authors: Mojtaba Mortezaee *1, Davoud Sanji 2

Undoubtedly financial risk management due to its high impact on stockholders wealth is always considering by Banks. Risk management methods and its accomplishment leads to shareholder consent or dissatisfaction. Present research, examine this issue by three instruments of Financial risk management includes interest rate risk, capital risk and risk of natural hedging. Thus, the main problem in this content is to some extent financial risk management methods can effect on stockholders’ wealth. We separate banks into private sector and public sector and examine hypothesis for each group by regression models. Return on Equity (ROE) changes is a reliable criterion for shareholders wealth. Results show that public banks are more successful in using risk management tools in compared with private banks. In other word, we have found more meaningful relationship between financial risk management tools and shareholder wealth in public banks.

31-33

Authors: Subha Ganguly

The present article reports on the bacteriological examination and antibiotic sensitivity test of pus sample collected from an abscess at the neck region of a cow.

41-47

Authors: Ukpong, Iniodu George *1 , Ettah, Hannah Edim 2 , Eshuong, Emmanuel Edet 3

Background: Safety concerns over the use of chemical-based pesticides are provoking intense studies and application of bio-pesticides in disease control and agriculture. Aim: This qualitative study was aimed at testing the repellent efficacy; and suitability of Cymbopogon citratus (Lemongrass) for the development of natural product-based mosquito repellent. Method: Cymbopogon oil (75ml) was extracted from 200g of fresh Lemongrass leaves using Soxhlet method with n-Hexane as solvent. Human volunteers were topically treated with 2ml and 6ml of Cymbopogon oil applied on exposed areas of the body at night; and observed for 4hrs 30mins. Direct test on mosquitoes in captivity was conducted using a 2-chambered insect box treated with 4 ml of oil in one chamber. Results: Human subjects were free from mosquito bites for 3 hours. Mosquitoes in captivity exhibited active movement away from oil-treated chamber of the box within the first minute of application; 43% repellency and 100% mortality were recorded after 18 minutes. Conclusion: Findings suggest that Cymbopogon citratus extracts could be used for the production of potent chemical-free and safe mosquito repellent and insecticide for vector control in the fight against malaria and other mosquito-vectored diseases. However further studies and qualitative analyses are necessary to determine suitable concentrations for human topical application.

53-65

Authors: Dennis M. Bautista *1 , Charles S. Abanilla 2 , Ariel E. Matillano 3 , Allan M. Abiera 4

This is a case study conducted in one of the rural barangays of Leyte. Anchored on the theory of collective effervescence, this study delved into an understanding of a long ago practiced tradition that still thrives even in present times. In synergy, these rural folks enthusiastically come together to solve a problem of any member of the community. Thus, this study has two major concerns: first is to investigate how and why the “pintakasi or bayanihan” spirit of the past still evident today; and second, to rediscover which aspect of the “pintakasi or bayanihan” spirit and the ancient Filipino value hold true in contemporary times. Such queries were answered using a qualitative research approach specifically the ethnographic method in gathering data coupled with a face-to-face interview with ten (10) respondents who were the community officials and elders of this said barangay to discover their social activities and values. As revealed in this study, the rural folks continuously observed the practice because it is innate to them to help especially those in need.

72-78

Authors: Devendra Swami 1 , Shankar Chakraborty 2 , Meenakshi Sinha Swami *

Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) technique implements organizational change based on the close coordination of a methodology for rapid change, employee empowerment and training and support through information technology. Alternate Delivery Channels are a part of BPR in public and private sector banks in India and includes ATMs, Automated Cheque Deposit Machines, Green Channel Counter Machines (GCCs), Cash Deposit Machines (CDMs) and Barcode Passbook Printers. ATM cash dispensing machines have revolutionised the very concept of money withdrawal. This research paper tries to compare the cost of routine manual banking transaction with the ATM transaction through cost-benefit analysis with the objective of finding out advantages of promoting ATM usage and migrating more and more customers to the ATM channel. ATM transactions have been on the rise easing the process of withdrawal and transfer of money for the common man. This has also been of help to the banking service providers, connected customers and efficient payment for the sellers of goods and services as ATM machines have come up close to markets.

95-100

Authors: Abraham Alemu 1 , Alemayehu Wodajo 2 , Kanko Chuntal 3

Hot peppers are an important cash crop grown in different parts of the world. Hot pepper improvement for processing quality and yield increment being considered as crucial task at most developing country there by to boost the livelihood of producers. Four elite hot pepper varieties such as Mareko fana, Odaharo, Backo local and Halaba local were evaluated for fresh, dried and quality traits at Derashea woreda (Segen Peoples Zone), South-Eastern Ethiopia for two successive years (2013 and 2014). The experiment was laid out under completely randomized block design. The ANOVA result revealed that there were highly significant difference(P<0.01) among varieties on parameters of fruit length, fruit diameter, number of fruits per plant, fresh fruit yield and dried fruit yield in 2013 cropping season. In contrast, no significant differences (P<0.01) were observed among varieties in 2014 cropping season on stand count, fruit length, and fruit diameter. Backo local perform best regarding to fresh and dried fruit yield following Odaharo and Mareko fana. The result opens the door for end users to cultivate high yielded variety and create awareness for technology utilization. Hence, producers should have to cultivate Backo local variety for better yield and performance.

110-123

Authors: Dr. Amrit Patel

World has been observing 5th December since 2012 as the World Soil Day to ensure maintenance of soil health, This was complimented by the United Nations’ General Assembly declaring 2015, as the International Year of Soils to create awareness among all stakeholders and promote more sustainable use of soil being the critical resource. On this occasion, UN Secretary General, Ban Ki-moon had said that without healthy soils life on Earth would be unsustainable. Indeed, soils are the foundation of agriculture. He had urged all Governments to pledge to do more to protect this important yet forgotten resource. A healthy life is not possible without healthy soils. According to the Director General of the FAO, Jose Graziano da Silva, today, world has more than 805 million people facing hunger and malnutrition. Soils are under increased pressure because population growth will require an approximately increase of 60 per cent in food output and competing land uses. Unfortunately, 33 per cent of our global soil resources are under degradation and human pressures on soils are reaching critical limits, reducing and sometimes eliminating essential soil functions. He had emphasised the role of all stakeholders in promoting the cause of soils as it is important for paving the road towards a real sustainable development for all and by all. Against this background, this article briefly highlights the significance and aspects of soil health management in India and suggests aspects of strategic action plan to conserve this precious resource for the benefit of mankind.

132-136

Authors: Varsha Bharadwaj *1 , Dr. Javed Khan 2

Information is recognized as a vital sources and the basic need, for the progress of humanity and the development of a nation, as a whole. The availability of information in the electronic media has created an opportunity for global access to information. An electronic resources is defined as a resource which requires computer access or any electronic product that delivers a collection of data, be it tats referring to full text data bases, electronic journals, image collection, other multimedia products numerical, graphical or time based, as a commercially available title that has been published with an aim to market and resources are basically distribution of information in any electronic form such as CD-ROM, flop disk or magnetic tape or a closes a computer network like and journals E-book etc. The full length article highlight the use of electronic resources in different fields, types of e-resources, purpose and advantages and disadvantages of e-resources in context of information seeking behaviour.

147-154

Authors: Dr. Mukesh Kumar Sharma

India is a country where a sizeable amount of population lives in rural areas. They are engaged in agriculture and allied activities. Most of the people living in rural areas are poor. They do not have any access to the banks. The awareness and access of the poor to the banking services is important for the alleviation of the poverty. Their access to the banking services will contribute a lot to the growth and development of our country’s economy. Financial inclusion is a great weapon to overcome the financial backwardness as well as the establishment of good governance. It broadens the resource base of the financial system by developing a culture of savings among large segment of rural population, disadvantaged group and plays an essential role in the process of economic development. The Government of India and the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) have been making concentrated efforts periodically to overcome such vicious problems by promoting Financial Inclusion, being one of the important national objectives of the country. Since first phase of nationalization (1969) GoI continuously promoting financial inclusion through self-help groups, no frills account, simplification of KYC, Business correspondents etc., but no palpable effect could be seen in the plight of these financially vulnerable people. To mitigate this long drawn financial sufferings, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced a new scheme in his Independence Day speech on 15th Aug 2014 called Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY). Mission of PMJDY is to ensure easy access of financial services for the excluded section i.e. weaker section and the low income group. This effort will certainly go a long way in promoting economic growth and reducing poverty, while mitigating systematic risk and maintaining financial stability. This article focuses on the RBI, GoI initiatives, current status and future prospects of financial inclusion in India on the basis of facts and data provided by various secondary sources. It is concluded that financial inclusion shows positive and valuable changes.

170-177

Authors: Poshitha Dabare 1 , GKA Dias 2 , Aruni Nisansala 3 , Maheshya Weerasinghe *4, Damitha Sandaruwan 5 , Nihal Kodikara 6 , Chamath Keppitiyagama 7 , Nuwan Dhammika 8 , Chamal Lakshika 9 , Ishan Buddhika 1

This paper presents an analysis of the significance of Air Traffic Control (ATC) simulators in training, and focuses on the development of low cost, high awareness ATC simulator on a 3D virtual environment, using Free and Open Source Aircraft simulator named Flightgear. Here it has proposed a scenario based ATC officer control method covering the all three phases; tower control, approach and enroute control.

188-195

Authors: Seema Devi

Goods and Service Tax (GST) is a Value Added Tax (VAT), which hypothetically to be put into effect from April 2010, but because of conflicting interest of stakeholders and various political controversies it has been passed in both Houses of Parliament on Aug. 3, 2016. It alone indirect tax which influence the whole economy directly. It is aspiring as iron out wrinkles of current indirect taxes and has a far-reaching impact on GDP. India is a centralized constitutional economy. GST is applicable on all States and Union territories, known as CGST (Central Goods & Services Tax) and SGST (State Goods & Services Tax). The ill effects of cascading can be mitigated after tie up the central and states taxes in solitary tax. The economy is expected to pave the way of common national market as it will provide benefits to consumer by reducing overall tax burden of goods, which is currently estimated at 25% to 30%. Thus, introduction of Goods and Service Tax (GST) is a gigantic tax transform in contemporary ancient times. Ignorance of law is no excuse but is liable to panel provisions, hence why not start learning GST and avoid the cost of ignorance. We all need to know, whether GST is willingly or imposed. This paper describes a brief introduction of current indirect tax structure and GST in India. What are challenging factor in implementation and what can be the opportunities of GST in India.

208-213

Authors: Aftab Khan *1 , Dr. Javed Khan 2

We speak of today’s age as being and information age. An era where information has become the most important aspect of today’s social development. The main objective of present study is to find out the users perception and use of Library resources and services in the shri Ram college Muzaffarnagar. Questionnaire is used as a tool of data collection. The questionnaire was developed by researcher. The sample of 178 users has been selected for the study, which include Under Graduate, Post Graduate and Faculty Members of the various departments of Shri Ram College Muzaffarnagar Percentage method was used for the data analysis. The main findings of the study are that the maximum no of users are satisfied with the library resources and services

226-241

Authors: K Veeravelan 1 , S Arivoli *2 , V Marimuthu 3

In the present study, adsorption of copper (II) ions from aqueous solution by Activated Zizyphus Jujuba shell Nano Carbon was investigated under batch mode. The influence of solution pH, sorbent dose, copper concentration, contact time and temperature was studied. The copper adsorption was favored with maximum adsorption at pH 6.5. Sorption equilibrium time was observed in 60 min. The equilibrium adsorption data were correlated with Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Hurkins-Jura, Halsay, Radlich-Peterson, Jovanovic and BET isotherm models. The kinetics of the adsorption process was tested by pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second order, Elovich and Intra-particle diffusion models. It was shown that adsorption of copper could be described by the pseudo-second order kinetic model. Thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy (ΔG0 ), the enthalpy (ΔH0 ) and the entropy change of sorption (ΔS0 ) have also been evaluated and it has been found that the adsorption process was spontaneous, feasible and endothermic in nature. The results indicated that Activated Zizyphus Jujuba shell Nano Carbon can be used as an effective and low-cost adsorbent to remove copper (II) from aqueous solution.