Review of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics – International Edition

7-12

Authors: Evangelos Adamtziliadis , Efstathios Rallis , Niki Tertipi , Eleni Sfyri , Eleni Andreou , Foteini Biskanaki , Vasiliki Kefala

Facial dyschromia cause problems in the appearance, resulting in negative psychological and social effects that degrade the quality of life of a person. They are the result of excessive accumulation of melanin in various parts of the epidermis due to excessive melanogenesis, which is either caused by a reaction to the effect of ultraviolet radiation or, in most cases, has a pathological etiology. The present article presents the various methods of skin whitening that can be used through Aesthetic practice.

17-21

Authors: Foteini Biskanaki, Efstathios Rallis, Eleni Andreou , Eleni Sfyri , Niki Tertipi , George Ninos , Vasiliki Kefala

Laser has caused a revolution in technology and today there is almost no field of natural sciences in which Laser is not already used. The evolution of technology, knowledge, and science offers plenty of laser devices used to treat aesthetic facial and body problems. Before a laser treatment that is aimed at addressing these aesthetic problems, the device operator must know the history of Laser devices so that it can understand the modern laser devices used today. This study presents all the innovations of laser hair removal, regeneration, and lipolysis.

31-35

Authors: Vasiliki Sofia Grech, Kleomenis Lotsaris , Ioanna Grech, Vasiliki Kefala , Efstathios Rallis

Obesity is a complex interplay of biological, genetic, behavioural, and environmental factors. Going beyond the con- ventional Body Mass Index (BMI) evaluation, the complex relationship between obesity and skin diseases unveils the evolving role of aesthetics in health promotion. Adipose tissue, traditionally seen as an energy reservoir, is unveiled as a dynamic endocrine organ, playing a crucial role in the pathophysiological mechanisms of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. This article navigates the skin-deep impact of obesity and unravelling its influence on dermato- logical challenges. From disrupted epidermal barriers to diseases such as psoriasis and hidradenitis suppurativa, it further explores how licensed cosmetologists emerge as health advocates. For what is more, semaglutide, a ground- breaking GLP-1 agonist, takes the spotlight, tracing its journey from FDA approval for type 2 diabetes to its recent endorsement for obesity. The article examines its mechanism, efficacy, and unintended consequences of popularity, emphasizing the need for responsible medication use.

43-49

Authors: Elpida Koldiri , Efstathios Rallis , Vasiliki Kefala

Blue light, with wavelengths from 400 nm to 500 nm, is an important part of the sun's electromagnetic radiation spec- trum, which is present in human daily life, especially in the modern era due to the increased use of electronic devices through their screens. Low-energy and low time of expo-sure to blue light can enhance the prevention of certain skin conditions such as psoriasis, eczema, and atopic dermatitis, while studies have demonstrated that prolonged expo- sure to high-energy blue light can increase the amount of skin damage. DNA, cell death, skin barrier and fibroblast damage, hyperpigmentation, and photoaging. Therefore, in the fields of aesthetics and cosmetology, it is important to study the problems caused by exposure to the blue radiation spectrum. Improved protection filters, extracts of plant products, a variety of antioxidants, and natural ingredients from plants and algae are added to cosmetic products and compose innovative formulations as part of a comprehensive photoprotection strategy. In recent decades, antiaging strategies have been developed that include minimally invasive treatments with remarkable safety and efficacy and reduced recovery time. A combined approach of these treatments can provide optimal results in repairing the skin damage caused by ultraviolet (UV) and visible radiation and, consequently, in the overall improvement of the appear- ance of photoaged skin.

57-62

Authors: Konstantina Theodoropoulou , Efstathios Rallis , Vasiliki Kefala

In the present paper we study the literature and research done by notable researchers, around the science of trans- dermal administration, the most recent scientific developments in enhancing skin permeability using third generation technologies. The purpose of this search is to find the latest transdermal methods through electrically assisted trans- dermal absorption systems to address aesthetic problems, specifically with the electroporation method. Electro- poration allows quick and deep penetration of active ingredients, through the "electropores" promoting the ability to channel ingredients such as vitamins, minerals, amino acids, etc. to the desired point. In this way, effective, targeted, and uniform distribution of the active water-soluble substances of small and high molecular weight is achieved, in deeper layers of the skin tissues. As a result of this whole process, the electroporation method is an additional weapon in our quiver for dealing with and improving aesthetic problems.

67-70

Authors: Niki Tertipi , Eleni Sfyri , Vasiliki Kefala , Foteini Biskanaki , Eleni Andreou , Dimitrios Chaniotis , Efstathios Rallis

The skin is the body's largest organ, serving as the primary barrier against infections and diseases. It is the part of the body that comes into direct contact with the environment. The proper functioning of the skin is influenced by the supply of blood, oxygen, and water. Exercise has numerous health benefits. It aims to strengthen and promote the health and well-being of our body, offering various advantages. It enhances cardiovascular health, reduces the risk of diseases, boosts the immune system, helps us manage stress, and enhances our psychological well-being. It improves overall body function and influences the quality of the skin.

75-80

Authors: Efstathios Rallis, Eleni Sfyri , Niki Tertipi , Vasiliki Kefala

Pruritus is considered a very frequent symptom and defined as chronic when its duration is longer than 6 weeks. The prevalence and the etiology of chronic pruritus (CP) are associated with various factors such as, age, atopy, underly- ing diseases, ethnicity, climate and humidity, as well as access to local healthcare system. The CP significantly affects the patients’ quality of life. Over time, patients often report sleep and mood disorders, with a negative psycho-social impact. From skin to brain, pruritus transmission occurs via multiple pathways, which are regulated by numerous cells, mediators, and receptors. A complete history and careful clinical examination are the keys to the diagnostic approach and determining treatment steps. Dermatological examination is essential and sometimes, an extensive laboratory testing must be carried out. The complexity in the presentation of this symptom, its obscure pathophysiology and multifactorial etiology, and the absence of clearly defined therapeutic goals, make CP a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.