Research Hub-International Multidisciplinary Research Journal (RHIMRJ)

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Authors: Prabhjot Kanwal Chhabra

The present state of society embodies labour generated alienation transcending from patriarchy into family living styles and various professions giving an important place to filial voice in the ultimate decision- making. Even so, youth cultures are considered deviant. Labour and labour management at various levels of society has led to immense development in various parts of the world. People are in search of communication and identity patterns that would fit in with the needs of every race. With this scenario in mind the present paper tries to review theories and perspectives on alienation. Young people supported by public intellectuals enjoined by numerous organisations and then by countless citizens protest and try to transform themselves from a crowd of alienated individuals into a cohesive community

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Authors: Prabhjot Kanwal Chhabra

Globalization can be defined as the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that social happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa. Although in a simplistic sense globalization refers to the widening of deepening and speeding of global interconnection. It is the process of world shrinkage of distances getting shorter, things moving closer. It pertains to the increasing ease with which somebody on one side of the world can interact to mutual benefit, with somebody on the other side of the world.

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Authors: Yatin Belani and Siddharth Patel

In order for web services to be able to work well together, they must participate in a set of shared organizing principles known as Service Oriented Architecture (SOA).REST is one such architectural solution because many of its elements and constraints are derived from Representational State Transfer (REST). RESTful services are based on REST architecture. The RESTful services are attractive to the end users because of low resource consumption (i.e., battery, processor speed, and memory). Additionally, the RESTful services do not involve complex standards and diverse operations. The number of services published over the internet is growing at an explosive speed. So it is difficult for service requesters to select satisfactory web services. The Quality of service is considered the most important criterion for service selection and filtering. This paper focuses on service selection based on QoS parameter.

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Authors: Rachna Thaker

Private limited company holds a unique position under company law as it enjoys certain privileges and exemptions as opposed to public company and Government Company. The benefit of separate legal entity and limited liability are two vital attractions of private company over other form of companies. Shares prima facie considered transferable but the definition of a private company imposes certain conditions to be fulfilled; one of such condition is that there must be some restrictions on transferability of the company’s shares. Whenever we hear the term ‘restriction’, it gives negative connotation and often misunderstands or misinterprets with prohibition, which is not the actual case. To enjoy the benefits associated with private company like, business secrecy, restricted entry of outsiders, and limited area of activates among family members or small group of members restrictions on transferability of shares are justified until and unless they turn out to be prohibitory in nature and violates the right of pre – emption of the shareholders. In Chiranji Lal Jasrasaria v. Mahabir Dhelia it was held that restriction which precludes a shareholder altogether from transferring may be invalid but a restriction which does no more than a give right of pre – emption is valid. Articles of association of a company considered to a Bible on the matter of the transferability of shares of a private company. Any restriction imposed through its articles is binding upon the members of a company. Chief ones of them are giving unrestricted and uncontrolled power to directors to approve the share transfer transaction and the members given the right of pre-emption for purchasing the shares offered by any member. On the other side, this creates a boundary that absence of restrictions in the articles of association gives the right to shareholder to transfer any shares without the consent of anybody, even to the stranger. In this paper, author has attempted to highlight the significance of the restrictions, modes of restriction, exception to this clause and analytical approach would be given to understand the intention of the legislation behind incorporating this clause in the statute through judicial pronouncements.

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Authors: Sonali Mahajan

It has been said that the question of liability of the State is a matter which brings a feeling of majority response whenever the government assumes the role of a welfare state in any democratic country. Contractual Liability is a liability of the state for the acts done by the state in exercise of its power as a Sovereign as well as in other capacities in the same manner as an individual does. The concept of liability of state for breach of contract is not new in India. The researcher believes that today large number of individuals is entrusted by the Government for various purposes in the form of Government contracts which raises a possibility of Government functioning in an arbitrary manner and the need was felt to regulate and protect the interests of an individual wealth. The researcher further believes that the main reason this issue arises here is to determine whether the individual whose rights are affected or who suffers injury by the Acts of the State is entitled to remedy by the state. There are Constitutional provisions in India which talks about contractual liability of the state. The Supreme Court in R D Shetty v International Airport Authority of India case has also laid down certain prepositions with respect to government contracts. The researcher will also be focusing on the following aspects in this paper:- Contractual Liability of State in India- An Overview Constitutional Provisions with respect to the Contractual Liability of the state Principles Underlying Contractual Liability of the State Position in Other Countries Judicial Review in Contractual matters Conclusions The researcher will be using non- doctrinal and empirical research technique of research methodology. This paper will highlight the plight of the prisoners in police custody in India and various human rights of the prisoners

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Authors: Ashish Patel

E-Commerce has changed the dynamics of many businesses since its inception. Retail market has also experienced the effect of E-Commerce. In recent years, Online Retail (E-Tail) market has become a buzzing word in Indian Economy as well as in the mind of many retail customers. Utilisation of this new way of purchasing products by Indian retail customers has shaken the well-established offline retail market; and offline retailers fear the loss of business at a great extent because of ETailers. This fear is more intense because of the allegations of the anti-competitive practices being followed by the E-Tailers. Offline retailers are considering the flash sales and never ending discount sales offered by E-Tailers as anti-competitive. Exclusive sales arrangement of any products on a particular website of specific E-Tailer is also seen as anti-competitive. Specific allegations of predatory pricing are levelled against Flipkart and other E-Tailers. This paper explains the meaning of offline and online retail market (E-Tail market) and examines major competition law issues relating to E-Tail market. Different anti-competitive practices like horizontal agreement, vertical agreement and predatory pricing in E-Tail market are discussed considering the relevant provisions in Competition Act, 2002. The practices of E-Tailers are evaluated considering Section 3, Section 4 and Section 19 of the Competition Act, 2002.

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Authors: Anita S. Ahuja and Sachin D. Abda

Gujarat has emerged as one of the leading industrial state with tremendous growth in India. The state has attracted the most foreign direct investment and is now one of the favoured industrial investment destinations. FDI accounts for the 22 percentage of countries investment flow and Gujarat is leading FDI investment. By the initiative taken by Gujarat government recently vibrant Gujarat 7th global submit 2015 Gujarat has came forth with many investment plans and initiatives. The state’s vision is to become the largest business hub in Asia. Any such development activity puts pressure on resources. With increase in industrial development the production of the industrial waste has increased on a rapid pace too. Gujarat has 7751 hazardous waste generating units contributing to 28.76 percentage of waste generation in India. With that the Hazardous waste management is issue of very importance, assuming significance globally, the adverse impacts caused due to indiscriminate disposal of hazardous material comes under environment disaster. Based on this the researchers here want to know various types of hazardous waste produced by industrial sector in Gujarat, To know the negative impacts on environment of this hazardous waste, to gain knowledge about various steps taken by Government of Gujarat to manage Hazardous wastes and To get an information about the best alternative selected by Government of Gujarat to manage Hazardous wastes by comparing all the options taken by Government of Gujarat to manage Hazardous waste as if all the steps for managing waste are not similar in their results, some of them produce good results while others are causing harm to environment. Researchers had focused on secondary sources for data, mainly from research papers, government articles, websites & literature, after collecting data researchers will try to analyze the data for achieving mentioned objectives. After this research researchers are expecting they will get information on types of hazardous waste and their consequences on environment, apart from this they are expecting to get information on initiatives by Government of Gujarat to manage waste and the best alternative applied by Government of Gujarat to manage Hazardous waste and with that the future proceeding planned by the Gujarat Governance for the further hazardous waste management. This observation will be helpful to Government of Gujarat for improving their prevailing practices, with that it can be helpful to the other state government bodies for managing hazardous wastes also further research work can be done on the basis of this study.