INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

1452-1460

Authors: Heba Ibrahim Abd El-Moaty1 and Rehab A. Lotfy

The present study was performed to investigate the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, as well the phytochemical constituents of two species of the Astraceae family. The percentage yield of total and successive extracts was determined and showed that the total extract were (14.75 % and 21.36 %) for Artemesia monosperma and Artemesia herba alba respectively, while the highest percent of the successive extracts were methanol 50 % (10.39 %) in Artemesia monosperma, while petroleum ether (12.20 %) in Artemesia herba alba. The preliminary phytochemical screening showed that the two plant contained carbohydrates and/or glycosides, proteins, amino acids flavonoids, saponins, tannins, unsaturated sterols and/or terpenoids and absence of alkaloids. Investigation of the antioxidant activity proved that the most active extracts of the two plants were the ethyl acetate one with IC50 (28.59 and 37.15 µg/ml), respectively. These extracts showed inhibition of the human colon (HCT) carcinoma cell lines. The TLC finger print of the ethyl acetate extracts showed that Artemesia monosperma contained 10 spots while, Artemesia herba alba contained 16 spots, mainly flavonoid compounds. Key words: Artemesia monosperma, Artemesia herba alba, antioxidant activity, cytotoxic activity, colon carcinoma cell line, TLC finger printing

1470-1481

Authors: Sneha J Anarthe*, M. Swetha, P. Spoorthisudha and M. Ganga Raju

Objective: The present study was to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic activity for methanolic extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis (Linn.) leaves. Methodology: Methanolic extract of Nyctathes arbor-tristis (MENA) was evaluated for in vitro antioxidant assay by reducing power assay and hydrogen peroxide assay and in vivo models of antihyperlipidemic study was carried out by 3 methods those are cholesterol diet, triton 100 X and fructose. The serum was collected and analyzed for lipid profile total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein. Results: Methanolic extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis leaves at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg bd. wt showed significance (p < 0.01) decrease in lipid profile like TC, TG, LDL, VLDL and showed significance (p < 0.01) increase in HDL. Conclusion: Mena showed significant antihyperlipidemic activity with specific and non-specific mechanism which may be due to the presence of phytochemical constituents like phenols, triterpenoids and flavonoids. Keywords: Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, Hyperlipidemia, cholesterol diet, triton 100 X and fructose.

1488-1491

Authors: K. Sai Sasank *1 , Dr. Greeshma Musunuru2 , Nalluri Kranthi Koushik 1 , Dr. R. Venkateswara Rao2 , Dr. Ramarao Nadendla3

Nano technology an exciting area of scientific development offers ways to create smaller, cheaper, lighter devices that can help to do better. The current literature has recognized and reported many possibility and applications of nano technology. The medical applications of nano technology are tremendous and could give medicine including the treatment of diabetes a new therapeutic approach. The frequency of diabetes is growing rapidly all over the globe at an alarming rate. Hence, the application of nano technology plays a very vital role in diabetes. Nano technology is useful in detection of even very minute amounts of insulin and blood sugar levels in the body. The treatment of diabetes includes proper delivery of insulin into blood stream which can be attained by nano technology by developing oral insulin which can make patient comfortable and patient compliance. Development of artificial pancreas can also be accomplished by using nano technology. Silicon boxes can also be implanted under the skin of diabetic patient that could temporarily restore the bodies’ glucose feedback loop. Without the need of powerful immunosuppressant’s that is acquired by nano technology. Another important approach of nano technology is a nano pump which injects insulin to the patient’s body at a constant rate balancing the amount of sugar in blood. And also can administer the small drug doses over a prolong period of time. Therefore, nano technology a new mode of treatment may help in making the everyday lives of millions of diabetics patients more tolerable. Key words: Diabetes mellitus, nanotechnology and nanoparticals

1498-1510

Authors: Mili Nailwal1 , Jenabhai B. Chauhan2*

Due to globally increasing problem of infertility and its effect in the life of affected couple’s, it is the biggest challenge and an urgent need to minimize this reproductive problem by advanced molecular genetics tools. The extent of microdeletions may affect the degree of spermatogenesis. Y chromosome microdeletion was found to have a prognosis value in the study of infertility, in terms of both the clinical management and the study of spermatogenesis impairment. One of the reason for screening Y-chromosome microdeletion is the possibility of vertical transmission of the Y-chromosome defect to the son conceived by assisted reproduction. With the development of intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), many of the natural selection barriers of fertilization are bypassed. Thus, defective sperms that do not have a chance to fertilize an oocyte in vivo might be able to do so after ICSI treatment. Routine screening of the AZF deletions is, therefore, important for patient counselling before ICSI treatment. Keywords: Y-chromosome, Male infertility, Y-chromosome microdeletion, AZF region, Genetic evaluation, etiology of male infertility.

1521-1533

Authors: Rajkumar Prava*1 , Ganapathy seru1 , Jayapal Reddy Sama2 , Arun Satyadev Sidhhanadham

Pheniramine is an antihistamine with anticholinergic properties used to treat allergic conditions such as hay fever or urticaria. It has relatively strong sedative effects, and may sometimes be used off-label as an over-the-counter sleeping pill in a similar manner to other sedating antihistamines such as diphenhydramine. Pheniramine is also commonly found in eyedrops used for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. According to literature survey there is no method reported for the seperation of Pheniramine enantiomers by RP-HPLC in pharmaceutical dosage forms. This present research work mainly focus to develop and validate a new RP-HPLC method for separation of Pheniramine enantiomers in pharmaceutical dosage forms in accordance with the ICH guidelines. A new simple, precise and accurate HPLC method was developed and validated for the seperation of Pheniramine 1 and Pheniramine 2 in pharmaceutical dosage form. In this method, Chiral pack column (150x4.6, 5µm) was selected as the stationary phase. Water and acetonitrile were taken in the ratio 90:10%v/v and used as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The retention times of Pheniramine 1 and Pheniramine 2 were found to be 6.6 min & 9.1 min respectively. Hence, the developed method can be successfully employed for enantiomeric separation of Pheniramine maleate in drug testing laboratories and pharmaceutical industries. Key words: Pheiramine maleate, Chiral column, RP-HPLC, Acetonitrile, Enantiomers

1546--1551

Authors: Gampa Vijaya Kumar1 , D.Swamycharan2 , K.shilpa3 ,S.Raju4

In the present study, Areca Catechu significantly increased the frequency of 5-HTP induced head twitches, Clonidine induced aggression and L-DOPA induced hyperactivity and aggressive behavior indicating its enhanced activity on serotonergic, noradrenergic and dopaminergic pathways respectively. Our results also confirm the involvement of serotonergic, noradrenergic and dopaminergic pathways in depression. Pretreatment with Areca Catechu, also significantly increased the levels of SOD and Catalase with simultaneous decrease in LPO levels in rat brain, suggesting its strong antioxidant activity. Since oxidative stress is reported to play an important role in depression, the antioxidant activity of Areca Catechu might be a part of the mechanism for its antidepressant activity. Results from behavioral experiments indicate that the antidepressant activity of Areca Catechu, might be due to the facilitatory effect on serotonergic, noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems apart from the antioxidant activity. The results from the present study confirm the antidepressant activity of Areca Catechu, since it reduced the immobility in both FST and TST. Key Words:

1559-1564

Authors: Gampa Vijaya Kumar1 , Dr.Nagaraju.M.Kulkarni2 , Sruthi.Y2 , S.Raju4

The present study is to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Baccharis cordifolia against azathioprine induced oxidative stress in rats Baccharis cordifolia posses considerable pharmacological actions such as antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammator, analgesic, antiarthritic, antibacterial, anti-HIV, and antihelminthic activities. From these results, ideas for future molecular modifications leading to compounds with greater favorable pharmacological properties maybe derived. Baccharis cordifolia has antioxidant activity against Azathioprine induced oxidative stress in rats by decreasing the oxidative stress biomarkers serum creatinine, serum urea in kidneys. high scavenging activity against DPPH free radical generating system. nephropretective effect against Azathioprine induced toxicity in kidneys by observing the histopathological changes in rat kidney tissues.many pharmacological activities like anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiarthritic, antibacterial, anti-HIV, and antihelmntic activities. Key words : Baccharis cordifolia, anti-oxidant, azathioprine.

1573-1580

Authors: V. Santhi sree 1 *, K. S. Murali krishna1 , K. Shantha kumari 2 and V. Saikishore

The aim of present research work is to prepare and evaluate controlled release floating tablet of Famotidine in view to enhance bioavailability and to reduce the dosing frequency. The tablets were prepared by using wet granulation technique employing PVP K 30 as binder and isopropyl alcohol as granulating fluid. The granules were evaluated for flow properties. All the formulations showed values within the prescribed limits for tests like hardness, friability and weight variation which indicate that the prepared tablets are of standard quality. All the tablets were formulated using sodium bicarbonate as effervescent agent. All the prepared formulations floated immediately after placing into the beaker and the floating was maintained more than 14 hrs. It was observed that the carbon dioxide generated from sodium bicarbonate in presence of dissolution medium(0.1N HCL) was trapped in the polymer gel matrix formed by the hydration of polymer which decreases the density(<1) and makes the tablet buoyant. The correlation coefficient values (r) revealed that the dissolution profiles followed Zero order kinetics and the mechanism of drug release was governed by Peppas model. The n values are found to be more than 0.5 (n>0.5) indicted that the drug release was predominantly controlled by non fickian diffusion. Based on the release rate constant and % of drug release the formulations prepared with Aeglemarmelos gum shown prolonged retarding nature compared with the formulations prepared with Tamarind kernel Powder mucilage. Among all the formulations, F6 formulation containing drug and Aeglemarmelos gum in 1:1.5 ratio was found to be optimized formulations. Key words: Famotidine, Aeglemarmelos gum, Tamarind kernel Powder mucilage, Sodium bicarbonate

1593-1610

Authors: Usmania* 1 , Ajay Bilandi2 , Mahesh K. Kataria

Androgenic alopecia is the loss of hair, pertains on the scalp although on other body sites. Alopecia is characterized by round or oval patches of non scarring hair loss. Scalp hair loss can be partial or complete, but it progress to cause total body hair loss. Emulgel are emulsion gel which contains widely distributed oil droplets. Chemically, minoxidil is 2,4-pyrimidinediamine, 6-[1-piperidinyl]-,3-oxide. Minoxidil is antihypertensive drug; a powerful vasodialator which act by direct relaxation of arteriolar smooth muscle. An attempt was made to formulate minoxidil emulgel for the treatment of male pattern baldness with the use of different gelling agents i.e. carbopol 940, carbopol 934, xanthan gum, methyl cellulose. Infra red [IR] spectroscopy was performed to identify any physicochemical interaction between drug and carriers. The dissolution profile and various evaluation parameters viz. pH, spreadability, viscosity, drug content, etc. of emulgel formulation and marketed formulation were compared. Release kinetics by various models were studied and compared between final formulation and marketed formulation. Thus, results showed no interactions between drug and polymers. Thus, minoxidil emulgel was found to be feasible over other dosage form in the treatment of androgenic alopecia. Keywords: Androgenic alopecia, minoxidil, emulgel, FTIR, dissolution profiles.

1624-1638

Authors: Mohammad Abu Sufian1 , Md. Sahab Uddin1*, Md. Tanjir Islam1 , Tahsin Zahan2 , Kamal Hossain1 , G. M. Sala Uddin1 , Abdullah Al Mamun

Quality control is an essential operation of pharmaceutical industries. Drugs must be marketed as safe and therapeutically active formulations whose performance is consistent and predictable. New and better medicinal agents are being produced at an accelerated rate. At the same time more exacting and sophisticated analytical methods are being developed for their evaluation. Currently, world-wide efforts have been made to ensure the practice of quality along with coast effective good quality medicines. Parenterals are the sterile preparation that is directly administered into the circulatory system avoiding the enteral route. These preparations provide rapid onset of action compared to others, but the most concerning topics related to this, is their stability problem that arises from microbial contamination of the products. Therefore, to ensure their sterility and stability, regulations regarding to quality control through pharmacopeial specifications has a great importance. Pharmacopeias provides an effective guideline to overcome those problems by following current good manufacturing practices and establishing standard operating procedures. In-process quality control tests are done with a motive to remove error from every stage in production and maintain the quality of the final product with the compendial standards as specified in the pharmacopoeias. The quality of final products depends on in-process control tests, because it helps to incorporate excellence within the products. The qualitative and quantitative parameters of pharmaceutical products are checked by finished product quality controls tests. Therefore, the drive of this study is to provide concise information on the in-process and finished product quality control tests for parenteral preparations as per different pharmacopoeias. Keywords: Parenteral pharmaceuticals, Pharmacopoeia, Specification, In-process quality control, Finished product quality control.