INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

945-952

Authors: Madala Anuradha*, Sarad Pawar Naik .B

A simple, specific, accurate and novel stability indicating reverse phase High performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the estimation of Azilsartan Medoxil in its Dosage form. Azilsartan medoxil is an angiotensin-II receptor antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension. Chromatography was performed using C18 column Qualisil Gold (250 X 4.6 mm, 5μm) with mobile phase consisting 0.2% trifluroacetic acid in acetonitrile and 0.2% trifluroacetic acid in MilliQ water in the ratio of 62:38.The pH was adjusted to 3 with orthophosphoric acid. The detection was carried out at 248nm and retention time (RT) of Azilsartan Medoxil was found to be 7.353min.The method was validated in terms of linearity(20-120 µg/ml), precision, accuracy, specificity, LOD(0.0186µg/ml), and LOQ(0.0613 µg/ml) were well within limits. Azilsartan Medoxil was subjected to stress conditions including acidic, alkaline, oxidative, photolysis and thermal degradation and the results showed that it was highly sensitive to alkaline conditions followed by liable to photolytic, oxidative, thermal, acidic and neutral stress conditions. The degraded products were well resolved from the analyte peak with significant difference in their RT values. Keywords: Azilsartan medoxil, Reverse phase, Stability indicating, Chromatography.

960-973

Authors: Bhumi Patel*, Dr. Chainesh Shah

Objective: The objective of research work was to improve the permeability of Ketoprofen and to provide controlled release of drug to provide maximum effective concentration. Experimental work: Transdermal drug delivery systems are polymeric patches containing dissolved or dispersed drugs that deliver therapeutic agents at a constant rate to the human skin. Matrix type transdermal patches containing Ketoprofen were prepared by solvent casting method employing aluminium foil method. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 was used as plasticizer and Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as penetration enhancer. Polymers were selected on the basis of the their adhering and non-toxic property. Result and discussion Drug polymer interactions determine by FTIR and standard calibration curve of Ketoprofen were determine by using UV estimation. Transdermal patch was prepared by using HPMC K-4 M: PVP K-30, HPMC K-15 M: PVP K-30, HPMC K-100 M: PVP K-30, Eudragit RS-100:PVP K-30 showed good physical properties. All prepared formulations indicated good physical stability. In-vitro drug permeation studies of formulations were performed by using Franz diffusion cells using abdomen skin of Wistar albino rat. Result, showed best in-vitro skin permeation through rat skin (Wistar albino rat) as compared to all other formulations prepared with hydrophilic polymer containing permeation enhancer. The permeability of Ketoprofen was increased with increase in PVP content. The burst effect due to the incorporation of PVP was because of the rapid dissolution of the surface hydrophilic drug which gets swell and thus leads to the decrease of mean diffusional path length of the drug molecules to permeate into dissolution medium and higher permeation rates. Conclusion: It was observed that the formulation containing HPMC K-4 M: PVP K-30 (2:3) showed ideal higuchi release kinetics. Key words: Trasdermal drug delivery system, Polymers, Ketoprofen, Matrix type, Permiation.

984-987

Authors: Dr. R. B. Saxena

The genus crocus L. consists currently of about 160 recognized species, small, corm bearing, perennial species having an old world distribution, primarily in mediterranean – west Europe and NW Africa to W China, with the center of species diversity on the Balkan Peninsula and in Turkey. Due to very dark form of crocus banaticus also called Romanian form. All crocus banaticus originated in Romania but this was raised from wild seeds. Due to distinctive plant, it creates its own sub- genus is the crocus sub-family known as crocoideae and sub-genus crociris. History, botany, taxonomy, infra-specific taxa, distribution, ecology, phenology, description, chromosome counts, etc. are provided with key to their identification. Key words : Crocus, Geographic area. Botany, Chromosome, Phenology, Crociris, Banaticus.

996-998

Authors: Aprajita Bhatnagar*

Fanconi anaemia is a rare genetic disorder which leads to bone marrow failure and results in decreased production of all types of blood cells. The frequency of occurrence is greater in SouthAfrican Africaners,sub-saharan blacks, and spanish gypsies than in the overall world population. This rare genetic disease occurs when two people with the recessive gene have children. There is no cure available for falconi anaemia,the treatment for falconi anaemia is symptomatic. Keywords: fanconi anemia,rare genetic disease,growth factors

1004-1008

Authors: Addetla Sagarika*, Boreda Sowmya, Aprajitha Bhatnagar , Dr. Kameswari

Fluconazole is a bis-triazole antifungal drug with novel pharmacokinetic properties (metabolic stability, relatively high water solubility) which contribute to its therapeutic activity. Fluconazole is a medication that is given either by mouth or intravenously. It is used to treat a variety of fungal infections, especially Candida infections of the vagina (yeast infections), mouth, throat, and bloodstream. This article describes about the uses of fluconazole drug in immunocompromised patients and in the treatment of other fungal infections. Fungal resistance to drugs in the azole class tends to occur gradually over the course of prolonged drug therapy, resulting in clinical failure in immunocompromised patients. It is also used to prevent infections in people with neutropenia due to cancer chemotherapy, transplant patients, and premature babies. Fluconazole's spectrum of activity includes most Candida species (but not Candida krusei or Candida glabrata), Cryptococcus neoformans, some dimorphic fungi, and dermatophytes, among others. Fluconazole is a firstgeneration triazole antifungal medication.While the imidazole antifungals are mainly used topically, fluconazole and certain other triazole antifungals are preferred when systemic treatment is required because of their improved safety and predictable absorption when administered orally. Further study to evaluate higher dosages and to establish the efficacy of fluconazole relative to more established antifungal agents is required. Keywords: Fluconazole, Candidiasis, Mycoses, Immunocomprimised patients.

1014-1019

Authors: A.Vedavyas*, Dr. B.V.S. Lakshmi, Dr. Asha Sara Stephen

Pharmacovigilance is an important and integral part of clinical research. Pharmacovigilance is “defined as the pharmacological science relating to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects, particularly long term and short term advers e effects of medicines. This addresses what exactly is Pharmacovigilance? What do we know of its benefits and risks, challenges and the future hold for pharmacovigilance in Indian medicine. Here the main focus on the aims and role of Pharmacovigilance in medicines regulation and their Partners. This article describes and discusses the National programme of pharmacovigilance in India. There role in collecting the reports ADRs of medicines. Further effectiveness and risk assessments of therapies are been discussed. The important role played by health care professional, pharmaceutical industries, media, and programmes carried by WHO. Finally the conclusion describes the major challenges and achievements for the future pharmacovigilance programme and toxicity is not so critical if botanicals are used in traditional forms. Key words: Pharmacovigilance (PV), vedavyas, pharmacovigilance system

1025-1032

Authors: Mohd. Imran*1 , Raji Rubyyi Al-Shammari2 , Emad Obaid3 , Jawad Mumtaz Sodhar3 , Sibghatullah Muhammad Ali Sangi 3

Antimicrobial resistance has become a global concern, including in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, for the human health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, awareness, and adherence to the antibiotic use and the antimicrobial resistance among the people of the Northern Border Region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional epidemiological study was done by using a pretested and structured questionnaire from November 2015 to March 2016 among the Northern Border Region population (764 participants) of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The data obtained was analyzed by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19. This study has provided a very significant insight about the level of knowledge, awareness & adherence toward the antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance among the people of the Northern Border Region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It was found that about 70.7% of the people were not aware about the antibiotic resistance and the majority of the people used antibiotics irrationally without the consultation of the doctor. Most of the people were also able to get an antibiotic from pharmacy without any prescription. It was also noticed that about 79.6% of the people did not attend any antibiotic awareness program. Accordingly, there is an urgent need to conduct antibiotic awareness campaigns or educating the general population through media/health professionals about the antibiotic use, antimicrobial resistance and its consequences. Further, the Ministry of Health should implement strict legislatures on the dispensing of antibiotics without prescription. Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, Knowledge, Awareness, Adherence, Northen Border, Saudi Arabia

1043-1048

Authors: Vydehi Maheshwaram*1 , Alekya Muduthanapally

The present investigation is aimed at formulating and evaluating Extended release tablets of Venlafaxine Hcl using different polymers such as HPMC K4M, Eudragit RL-100.Venlafaxine Hydrochloride used for the management of major depressive disorder. Different concentrations of the polymers were taken. The physical mixture was evaluated prior to compression for determining the flow properties. These tablets were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, thickness, friability, content uniformity and in-vitro drug release profile. It was found that the formulation F3 containing HPMC K4M Polymer release 99% of drug In 24 hours time period and it is selected as a optimized formulation. Drug –Excipient interactions of pure drug and optimized formulations was carried out by using FTIR Study. Key words: Venlafaxine HCl, HPMC K4M,Eudragit RL-100