INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

393-398

Authors: D. Suresh Reddy, E. Yashaswini, A. Ashok Kumar*

Objective: To develop a simple and a cheap UV spectrophotometric method for the quantitative estimation of Atomoxetine Hydrochloride in capsules and validate as per ICH guidelines. Method: The optimized method uses 0.05N HCl as a solvent for the estimation of assay of Atomoxetine Hydrochloride in tablets at a wavelength of 225 nm. Results: The developed method resulted in Atomoxetine Hydrochloride exhibiting linearity in the range 5- 40μg/ml. System precision, intra day and inter day precisions were exemplified by relative standard deviation of 1.39%, 1.547% and 1.063%. Percentage Mean recovery by absolute method was found to be in the range of 90‐110%, during accuracy studies. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitiation (LOQ) for Atomoxetine hydrochloride were found to be 154ng/ml and 467ng/ml respectively. Conclusion: A simple and a cheap UV spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for the quantitative estimation of Atomoxetine Hydrochloride in tablets as per ICH guidelines and hence it can be used for the routine analysis in various pharmaceutical industries. Keywords: UV, Atomoxetine Hydrochloride, method development, validation.

406-409

Authors: U. S. Jijith 1,2,*, C. R. Sudhakaran Nair 1 , K. Pramod

The plant Anamirta cocculus Wild is used in traditional and folk medicine for various diseases. Thus the study was aimed to carry out preliminary pharmacological screening for its cardiovascular effects. The effect of the extract on perfused blood vessels of frog and perfused frog heart was studied. The extract produced vasodilator effect and decrease cardiac output in perfused blood vessels of frog. The extract showed a depressant effect on perfused frog heart. The action was not blocked by atropine. It also blocked the action of adrenaline on heart. The results of the study indicated that the extract might have antiarrhythmic activity. Keywords: Anamirta cocculus, cardiovascular effect, pharmacological screening.

415-422

Authors: M. Sujatha Kumari*, K. Naga Lakshmi, T. V. V. N. V. L. Prasanna, K. Swapna, A. Swarna Jyothi, T. Prasanthi

The present study was based on Diabetes, its cure using natural herbs over allopathic drugs. Diabetes occurs world-wide and the incidences of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are rising; it is estimated that, in the year 2000, 171 million people had diabetes, and this is expected to double by 2030. Despite the use of advanced Allopathic drugs for the treatment, use of herbal remedies is gaining higher importance because of Allopathic drugs have drawbacks and limitations. Natural herbs have been highly esteemed source of medicine throughout the human history. They are widely used today indicating that herbs are a growing part of modern high-tech medicine. The herbal drugs with anti diabetic activity are extensively formulated commercially because of easy availability, affordability and less side effects as compared to the synthetic anti diabetic drugs. The World Health Organization (WHO) has listed 21,000 plants, which are used for medicinal purposes around the world. A list of medicinal plants with proven anti diabetic and related beneficial effects and of herbal drugs used in treatment of diabetes is compiled. Thus, this review article undertake the attempt for providing updated information on the type of diabetes and herbal formulations which will enhance the existing knowledge of the researchers. Keywords: diabetes ; Allopathic drugs; Natural herbs; antidiabetic activity.

429-434

Authors: Kolhe Mahesh Hari*, Bhusal Ramesh Dattatraya, Hajare Pranit Pandurang.

Accurate, specific, precise and robust TLC Densitometric method have been developed for simultaneous estimation of Metoprolol Succinate (METO) and Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) in tablet dosage form. The chromatographic separation was performed on precoated silica gel TLC 60 F254 plates using Toluene: Methanol: Ethyl acetate: Glacial acetic acid (7: 1.5: 1: 0.5 v/v/v/v) as mobile phase. This system was found to give compact bands for Metoprolol Succinate and Hydrochlorothiazide (RF values 0.15 and 0.35 respectively). Densitometric analysis of Metoprolol Succinate and Hydrochlorothiazide were performed at 230 nm. Regression analysis data for the calibration plots were indicative of good linear relationships between response and concentration over the range 1000-5000 ng/band for Metoprolol Succinate and 500-2500 ng/band for Hydrochlorothiazide. An approach of forced degradation study was successfully applied for the development of a stability-indicating method for estimation of Metoprolol Succinate and Hydrochlorothiazide in the presence of its degradation products. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines for accuracy, precision, LOD, LOQ and robustness.

444-449

Authors: Tamizhazhagan V*, Pugazhendy. K

Aquatic ecosystem monitoring has been carried out in India based on either chemical or biological analysis. Diatoms constitute a fundamental link between primary (autotrophic) and secondary (heterotrophic) production and form a vital component of aquatic ecosystem. Particularly PH, Temperature, at the same time remaining parameters of salinity, O2 and Co2 observation was slightly changed due to some pollutes. So in this study will be given supporting to the future study among the fresh water ecosystem balance. Key words: Physio-Chemical, Natural Pond, Culture Pond,

456-461

Authors: Bharathi KN, * Vidyashree N and Raju HV

Bytteneria herbaceae is a profusely branched prostrate herb. Traditionally different part of this plant is used for the treatment of cholera, diarrhoea and asthma, but lack scientific evidence. Hence, in the present study aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Bytteneria herbaceae was evaluated for antiasthmatic activity in rats by studying its effect on mast cell stabilization and isolated goat tracheal chain preparation. In mast cell stabilizing activity male albino rats of Wistar strain weighing 150-200 g were divided into eight groups of six animals each. Except group I (Control), all animals were sensitized by 0.5ml of sheep serum and 0.5ml of triple antigen containing diphtheria, tetanous toxoid and B.pertusis organisms. Group I and II rats received vehicle, group III – VI rats were treated with aqueous and ethanolic root extracts of Bytteneria herbaceae 200 and 400 mg/kg.b.w.p.o., respectively, group VII and VIII rats were treated with standard prednisolone and disodium chromoglycate 10 and 50 mg/kg i.p. respectively. Treatment was given once daily single dose for 14 days. On 14th day intestinal mesentery was isolated under anesthesia and stained with 0.1% toluidine blue. Numbers of intact and degranulated mast cells were counted under high‐power microscope (45X). Antagonism of extracts was recorded against histamine induced contraction on goat tracheal chain preparation. Results were expressed as mean ± SEM and analyzed by one way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Bytteneria herbaceae root significantly (P<0.001) reduced the mast cell disruption and increased intact mast cells dose dependently. Ethanolic extract was significantly (P<0.001) more potent than aqueous extract. In isolated goat tracheal chain preparation extracts of Bytteneria herbaceae antagonized the histamine induced contraction irreversibly and was dose dependent. Antiasthmatic activity of Bytteneria herbaceae was due to the presence of active constituents such as flavonoids, steroids, carbohydrates and tannins. Results of the study substantiate traditional use of Bytteneria herbaceae in the treatment of asthma. Keywords: Bytteneria herbaceae; Antiasthmatic; Prednisolone; Mast cell; Sodium cromoglycate; Antihistaminic.

492-507

Authors: M. Prasada Rao*, K. Leelavathi, N. Chandreshta, V. Sowjanya, I. Sireesha, I. Rajani, V.V. Naga Premi

An isocratic reverse phase liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed and subsequently validated for the determination of Capecitabine in Bulk and its pharmaceutical formulation. Separation was achieved with a Develosil (ODS-MG-5; 100 x 4.6mm I.D; particle size 5 μm) Column and buffer Methanol (450:550) v/v as eluent and purified water, methanol and acetonitrile(600:350:50)v/v as diluent at flow rate 1.0 mL/min and the Column temperature was 40°C. The described method of Capecitabine is linear over a range of 6 μg/mL to 30 μg/mL. The method precision for the determination of assay was below 2.0% RSD. Key words: Capecitabine, RP-HPLC, Develosil ODS-MG-5.

516-521

Authors: Mukund Handral1 , Abin Joy*1 , Chaitra N1 , Shivakumar Kasabi

The main aim of the study was to carry out and investigate the Antiosteoporotic activity of ethanolic root extract of Rubia cordifolia (EERC) in Methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) induced osteoporotic rats. Acute oral toxicity was performed according to OECD guidelines 425 in albino mice and extract was found to be safe upto 2000 mg/kg. All the rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=6 each). Group I (normal control) received water for injection s.c., Group II MPA (0.2 mg/kg, s.c) positive control, Group III was MPA (0.2 mg/kg, s.c) + standard drug Alendronate (200 µg/kg, p.o), Group IV& V received EERC (200 mg/kg & 400 mg/kg, p.o) + MPA (0.2 mg/kg, s.c) respectively and treated for 4 weeks. The serum biochemical markers revealed dose dependent restoration of calcium, ALP and TRAP which was significant (P<0.0001) when compared to MPA control. Similarly, the findings from bone biomechanical parameters also found to have significant changes, where bone mechanical strength (P<0.0001) and bone mineral content was also significantly increased (P<0.0001) by improving calcium absorption and enhanced osteoblastic activity nearly to normal levels in rats treated with EERC. Furthermore, SEM data of femur bones of EERC (200 and 400 mg/kg) treated rats showed reduced pore formation and improved bone compactness. All these results significantly indicate a possible antiosteoporotic activity of EERC. In addition, further studies are required to determine the active components that are responsible for its antiosteoporotic activity. Keywords: Rubia cordifolia, Methylprednisolone (MPA), Osteoporosis, Biochemical parameters, Ash content, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

536-545

Authors: Prasad S. Bhamare* , Mitesh P. Sonawane, Rajendra K. Surawase

Valsartan is Angiotensin-II receptor antagonist used in anti-hypertensive drug. The present study is deals with formulation, optimization, evaluation of Sustained release Valsartan matrix tablet. The SR tablets were Prepared by direct compression method and formulated using different natural gums.ratios, formulation such as F1-F9. Gums like Xanthan gum and guar gum were used. Compatibility of drug with various excipients was studies. The compressed tablet were evaluated and showed compliance with Pharmacopoeial limits. The concentration of Xanthan gum and Guar gum were different in all formulations (F1-F9). All the formulations were evaluated for pre-compression parameters and weight variation, Hardness,friability, drug content, invitro dissolution studies. The formulation ‘F9’ was found to be optimized formulation. It shows results for all evaluation parameters such as weight variation 320.14±0.42%, Friability 0.30%, Swelling index 85%, drug content 98.91±0.32%, and in-vitro dissolution study 99.91±2.1% at the end of 15 hrs. keywords: Valsartan, Guar Gum, Xanthan Gum, Sustained Release Matrix Tablets, etc.

552-559

Authors: Bassey S. Antia*, Emmanuel E. Essien, Nimmong-uwem S. Peter

Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl. is a vegetable food, also used as a traditional medicine. The present study was designed to investigate the flavonoids, total phenolics and antioxidant activities of seed oils extracted from six cultivars of Lagenaria siceraria. The total phenolics, flavonoids content and antioxidant activity were measured spectrophotometrically using standard procedures. The total phenolic contents of the oils ranged from 5.2-7.0 mg gallic acid/100g and total flavonoids, 4.1-6.1 mg quercetin equivalent/100g. The seed oils (120 μg/ml) free radical scavenging activity (DPPH assay) varied between 54.1-57.8% with EC50 values of 98.0-117.0 μg/ml; metal chelating activity and EC50 values of the oils were 65.5-83.6% and 19.0-59.0 μg/ml respectively; and ferric reducing power of seed oils varied from 0.528-0.580 with EC50 values of 91.0-104.0 μg/ml. Dietary polyphenolics from Lagenaria siceraria cultivars may supply substantial antioxidants, which may provide health-promoting advantages to the consumers. Keywords: Curcubitaceae, Lagenaria siceraria, Cultivars, Polyphenolics, Antioxidant activity.