INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

195-201

Authors: Hassan Ali Al-Saadi1 , Hadi Rasool Hasan AL-Masoodi2 and Zainab Hekmat Abed Kamona3

Male infertility one of the most common health problems with psychological and social effects. This study aims to investigate the effects of the antisperm antibodies(ASA) on the macroscopic and microscopic parameters of seminal fluid in some infertile males.The percent of ASA type G (IgG), and (IgA) were measured on the surface of sperms, macroscopic and microscopic examination of seminal fluid have been measured for infertile patient resorting to Institute of Embryo Research and Infertility Treatment, Al-Nahrain University, and in the laboratories of Al-Hussain Hospital /Kerbala. Throughout period then March to August 2011. (419)seminal fluid spaceman are collected from infertile patient and measurement the percentage of (IgG&IgA) antisperm antibody to (38) sperm agglutination specimen from infertile patient and comper with (12) fertile men as control group. The results were showed a significant effect (P< 0.05) of IgG and IgA on a liquefaction time, percentage of progressive motility, sperm agglutination, and round cells on compared with control group. These results showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the percentage of rapped progressive motility (Grade A) in all groups.A significant increase (P<0.05) in sperm agglutination and round cell in all groups. Positive correlation with sperm agglutination, morphologically abnormal sperm percent and round cells. A significant increase (P<0.05) in liquefaction time in the second and the third group. Key words:ASA,MAR test,IgA,IgG,seminal fluid

209-218

Authors: Singireddy Anandam, Srilakshmi N, P Sobhita Rani

The present involves the preparation and evaluation of floating microspheres using Famotidine as a model drug for prolongation of the gastric retention time. The microspheres were prepared by the Ionotropic gelation method using different polymers i.e., HPMC K4M, HPMC K100M and Carbopol. The prepared microspheres were evaluated for particle size, buoyancy, entrapment efficiency. In Vitro drug release studies were performed and the drug release kinetics was evaluated using the linear regression method. Data obtained for floating microspheres of famotidine showed good buoyancy and prolonged drug release. The average particle size was in the range of 526µm to 644µm. % drug entrapment efficiency ranged from 62.35% to 97.24%. Diffusion was found to be the main release mechanism. Among all formulations F9 formulation was found to be satisfactory in terms of excellent micromeritic properties,% yield, drug entrapment efficiency, % buoyancy and In-vitro drug release in a sustained manner over an extended period of time for 12 hours. Thus the prepared microspheres proved to be a potential candidate as a microparticulate controlled release drug delivery device in this era. Keywords: Famotidine, Floating Microspheres, Gastric Retention Time, Buoyancy, Entrapment Efficiency and Invitro drug release

227-233

Authors: Patel Nidhi1* , Chaudhary Anamika1 , Soni Twinkle1 , Sambyal Mehul1 , Jain Hitesh1 , Upadhyay Umesh1

Oral drug delivery is the most convenient option as the oral route provides maximum active surface area among all drug delivery system for administration of various drugs. The attractiveness of these dosage forms is due to awareness to toxicity and ineffectiveness to drugs when administered by oral conventional method in the form of tablets and capsules. An appropriately designed controlled release drug delivery system can be a major advance towards solving problems concerning the targeting of a drug to a specific organ or tissue and controlling the rate of drug delivery to the target site. Oral Sustained release (SR) / Controlled release (CR) products provide an advantage over conventional dosage forms by optimizing bio-pharmaceutics, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics properties of drugs in such a way that it reduces dosing frequency to an extent that once daily dose is sufficient for therapeutic management through uniform plasma concentration providing maximum utility of drug with reduction in local and systemic side effects and cure or control condition in shortest possible time by smallest quantity of drug to assure greater patient compliance. The present article contains brief review on various formulation approaches for controlled release drug delivery system. Keywords: Controlled drug delivery system, Drug release mechanism, Modified Release, Sustained Release

240-251

Authors: Muhammad Razi Ullah Khan1,2, Syed Muhammad Aun2,3, Muhammad Arsalan3 , Saeed Ur Rasid Nazir 1 , Farah Abdul Khaliq3 , Sana Ilyas3 , Sadia Kanwal3 , Sadia Hassan3 , Ayub Fareed3 , Rana Mobeen3 , Mehwish Alam

Increasing numbers of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practitioners are interested in evidence-based medicine (EBM). Researchers are in need of further information regarding the current status of CAM practitioner’s knowledge and use of EBM. A high prevalence of CAM use has been documented worldwide in children and adolescents with chronic illnesses. Only a small number of studies, however, have been conducted in the Pakistan. Primary aim of survey was performed to estimate and explore the use of alternative medicine in patients with different diseases among all age groups. A questionnaire survey was distributed in different hospitals (n =2000) in rural and urban area. Total 500 patients were observed out of which 48.66% were male and 51.34% were female. The 48% of the patients were literate while 52% patients do not know how to read or write. It was found in this study that 42.07% of population is getting allopathic treatment, 32.81% towards herbal treatment and 23.69% towards homeopathic treatment among the patient taking allopathic treatment almost 51.48% were male and 48.76 % female. The urban population almost 52.84% male and 47.16% female were using allopathic mode of treatment. While 44.52% male and 55.48% female in rural population were taking allopathic treatment In case of herbal treatment percentage ratio of rural and urban population was 31% and 19% respectively among male patients. Among females 30% patient belong to urban region while 20% patients were from rural areas 37% male and 29% female patients were taking homeopathic treatment in urban areas. In rural areas among the patients taking homeopathic treatment almost 21% patients were female while 13% patients were male Almost 60% patients agreed that they were getting required outcome of medicine however 40% patients feel that they were getting no effects in the start of these therapies Analysis of general health appearance of patients showed that almost 19% were in very good health condition. Almost 44% patients had good health while 12% were in satisfactory look. The ratio of patients suffering poor health was found to be 25%. Along with being more educated and reporting poorer health status, the majority of alternative medicine users appear to be doing so not so much as a result of being dissatisfied with conventional medicine but largely because they find these health care alternatives to be more congruent with their own values, beliefs, and philosophical orientations toward health and life. Key Words: Complementary and alternative medicine, Evidence based medicine, Qualitative study, Questionnaire, Barrier

265-270

Authors: Nasitha I A, K. Krishnakumar, Dineshkumar. B

Hydrogel products constitute a group of polymeric materials, the hydrophilic structure of which renders them capable of holding large amounts of water in their three-dimensional networks. Extensive employment of these products in a number of industrial and environmental areas of application is considered to be of prime importance. As expected, natural hydrogels were gradually replaced by synthetic types due to their higher water absorption capacity, long service life, and wide varieties of raw chemical resources. Literature on this subject was found to be expanding, especially in the scientific areas of research. However, a number of publications and technical reports dealing with hydrogel products from the engineering points of view were examined to overview technological aspects covering this growing multidisciplinary field of research. The primary objective of this article is to review the literature concerning classification of hydrogels on different bases, its merits and demerits. It also involved technologies adopted for hydrogel production and its application in drug delivery. Key words: Hydrogel, drug delivery, cross-linking.

275-282

Authors: SB Shirsand * , V Jonathan, Shilashri, R T Gumate

Objectives: The aim of the present work was to prepare and evaluate fast dissolving tablets of furosemide with a view to enhance patient compliance and minimizes the side effects. Methodology: In this study, fast dissolving tablets of furosemide were formulated by direct compression method using such as pectin of mango peel (mangifera indica ) was used as natural disintegrants and crospovidone as a synthetic superdisintegrant in different ratios with directly compressible mannitol (Pearlitol SD 200) as a diluent to enhance the mouth feel. The prepared formulations were evaluated for hardness, friability, drug content, in vitro dispersion time, wetting time, water absorption ratio, in vitro drug release studies, stability studies and excipients interaction studies. Results: Among all the formulation, the formulation (FMP3) containing 8% w/w pectin of mango peel (mangifera indica ) is the overall best formulation (t50% 5.2 min) based on in vitro drug release studies. Stability studies on the formulations indicated that there are no significant changes in drug content and in vitro dispersion time (p<0.05). Conclusion: From the above studies, it can be concluded that fast dissolving tablets of Furosemide can be prepared using different natural super disintegrant for faster dispersion and disintegration in the mouth. Keywords: Fast dissolving tablets, Furosemide, Crospovidone, mangifera indica, Natural disintegrants.

288-293

Authors: Kanika Barik, Shweta Sao and Dharmendra K. Pariha

Madagascar periwinkle Catharanthus roseus is an important tropical medicinal plant, found as a popular ornamental plant in gardens and homes across the warmer parts of the world, also known as “an anticancerous drug yielding plant” is a tropical and subtropical plant belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The plant accumulates an array of diverse compounds comprising over 130 different MIAs. It is a seasonal to perennial garden plant and the exclusive source of the anticancer drugs vincristine and vinblastine. Apart from these, its leaves and roots hyper-accumulate the other terpenoid indole alkaloids, which are required for the economic production of pharmaceutical molecules vindoline, catharanthine, ajmalicine and serpentine. the plant have been used for various other medicinal valued like anti-diabetic, anti-ulcer, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant and antidiarrheal properties. The review describes phoarmacological applications and phytochemicals of C. roseus. Key words: Alkaloids, antioxidant, antibiotic, anticancer, Catharanthus roseus, Vincristine, Vinblastine.

300-304

Authors: Niraj Khatri Sapkota1 , Kailash Chandra Swain2

B-12 (cobalamin) is a complex molecule in which a cobalt atom is contained in a corrin ring, an important organic cofactor essential for the neurological and hematological integrity, strictly found in non-vegetarian diets and milk products, long run abstinence of these ingredients in diet results into its deficiency exhibiting neurological clinical manifestation which is, in general not seen but with strict long term deficiency such as in strict vegetarian leads to the clinical manifestation such as weakness, paraesthesia and numbness. Management of this manifestation can be done with vitamin B12 supplements or encouraging consuming the synthetic form of the vitamin, meat and egg that is rich source of Vit.B12, therefore this short review will focus to disclose the mechanism and management that correlates the effect of long term deficiency of Vitamin B12. Key words: vitamin, non-vegetarian diets, par-aesthesia, neurology.