INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

1550-1556

Authors: Bhabani Shankar Nayak*, Pradeep Kumar Suna, Priya Ranjan Patel, Pramila Panigri, Bhabani Samarath

Pharmaceutical industries have received much interest in pharmaceutical research in the area of oral drug delivery more over on Gastro retentive drug delivery system that is Floating Drug Delivery System (FDDS). The objective of this study to review on FDDS focusing on its current advancement and its future. FDDS is an approach to prolong gastric residence time, thereby targeting site-specific drug release in upper GI tract improving the oral sustained delivery of drug that have an absorption window in a particular region of the GI tract, thus ensuring optimal bioavailability. This manner may increase patient compliance and provides continuously controlled release administration of sparingly soluble drugs at the particular sites of absorption. FDDS have bulk density less than gastric fluids that have sufficient buoyancy to float over the gastric contents and remain in the stomach for longer duration of time without affecting gastric emptying rate. Floating dosage forms can be prepared as tablets, capsule by adding suitable ingredients with excipients like hydrocolloids, inert fatty materials and buoyancy increasing agents. Various categories of drugs like antacids, antidiabetic, antifungal and anticancer drugs are formulated into FDDS. FDDS have bulk density less than gastric fluids that have sufficient buoyancy to float over the gastric contents and remain in the stomach for longer duration of time. The recent advancement of FDDS is on physiological and formulation variables affecting gastric retention approaches to design single unit and multiple unit floating systems. Furthermore, recent innovations in pharmaceutical investigation will surely provide real prospects for establishment of novel and effective means in the development of FDDS. Keywords: Floating drug delivery system, Effervescence, Gastric residency time, Bioavailabilty.

1581-1588

Authors: Mohammed Omar1 , Anil Middha2 , Dr. D. Ramakrishna3

A rapid, sensitive, accurate HPLC analytical method development was determination of fenofibrate in rat serum. Nevirapine was used as an internal standard (IS). Absorbance UV detector at wavelength of detection was as set at 295nm. Separation was carried out on inertial C18 column (4.6x250mmx5µm) using 60:40 v/v ammonium acetate buffer, Acetonitrile as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Analytical run time was less than 10 min. The % mean recovery for Fenofibrate in LQC, MQC and HQC was 62.7%, 64.2 % and 65.3% for 0.3 to 20.0µg/mL concentrations. The intraday and interday precision and Accuracy of the method was found to be 0.09 to 5.03% and 100.00 to 100.20% respectively. The limit of Quantification was found to be 0.3µg/ml at such concentration the inter day precision was found to be 0.07 to 0.29. The method was validated with excellent sensitivity, accuracy, precision and recovery. The assay has been applied to pharmacokinetic studies. Key words: HPLC, Fenofibrate, Nevirapine

1593-1599

Authors: Hangargekar Chitra* 1 , Patil Shivanand2 , Sapkale Geeta3

The purpose of the present work was to develop matrix tablets of Labetalol HCl with Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaves mucilage and povidone and to study its functionality as a matrix forming agent for sustained release tablet formulations. Mucilage from the Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaves was extracted, isolated, and characterized. Physicochemical properties of dried mucilage powder of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaves were studied. Sustained release formulations of Labetalol HCl were prepared by using mucilage and povidone. The formulated tablets were tested for mechanical properties, friability, swelling behavior, in-vitro drug release pattern and the dissolution data (subjected to mathematical modeling). The formulated tablets were found to have good mechanical properties and good swelling properties. The in-vitro dissolution data was fitting to zero order kinetics and the release of drug from the formulation was found to follow Korsemeyer Peppas release. From this study it was concluded that the dried mucilage of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaves and povidone combination can be used as an effective matrix forming material for making sustain release matrix tablets of Labetalol HCl. Key Words: - Sustain release, Matrix tablets, Labetalol HCl, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Povidone.

1609-1622

Authors: Pankaj Singh Negi*, G. Gananarajan, Ashutosh Badola, Preeti Kothiyal

Transdermal drug delivery systems are becoming more popular in the field of modern pharmaceutics because it has many advantages over traditional drug delivery system and mostly used to overcome the problems associated with conventional delivery system of drugs. it is self-contained, non-invasive, painless, user- friendly and discrete dosage form. The main objective of transdermal drug delivery system is to deliver drugs into targeted organ or parts through skin at predetermined rate with minimal inter and intra patient variation. The present study was carried out to develop transdermal patches of atenolol with different ratio of HPMC (hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose), EC (ethyl cellulose) and PVP (polyvinyl pyrrolidine) by solvent casting method. Propylene glycol 3% is used as a plasticizer and Span 80 as permeation enhancer. The identification of drug and the possible drug polymer interactions were studied by FTIR spectroscopy. Formulated transdermal patches were evaluated with regard to physicochemical characteristics (thickness, folding endurance etc.) and In-vitro permeation studies were performed using Franz diffusion cell. The data obtained from in- vitro permeation studies was treated by various conventional mathematical models (zero order, first order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer- peppa’s) to determine the release mechanism from the transdermal patches formulations. Selection of a suitable release model was based on the values of R2 (correlation coefficient), k (release constant) obtained from the curve fitting of release data. It was found that all the formulations follow the first order kinetics. The regression coefficients (R2 ) for the all formulations F1 to F6 of Higuchi plot was found to be almost linear. Keywords: Trasdermal patches, Atenolol, Permeation enhancer, In-vitro permeation study

1636-1639

Authors: S.K.Mohan1* , B.Suresh

Plastic wastes accumulating in the environment are posing an ever increasing ecological threat. Plastics that are biodegradable can be considered environment friendly, they have an increasing range of potential application and are driven by the growing use of plastics in packaging. Improperly disposed plastic materials are a significant source of environmental pollution, potentially harming life. Microorganisms plays a major role for saving our environments by degrading plastic wastes, which are toxic either in their native form or modified to be toxic. Isolation of microbial strain may able to degrade plastic waste from polluted sources, such as soil. In the present research, an attempt has been made to identify the suitable fungal species for microbial degradation of polythene. The three fungal species namely Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus foetidus were isolated from dye effluent enriched soil using plating and staining technique. The biodegradation of plastic using three Aspergillus species was studied. Among the three fungal strains, A.niger gave the better degradation potential than A.flavus and A.foetidus. Key words: Biodegradation, Aspergillus species, Polythene bag, Weight loss, Isolation

1657-1664

Authors: Mohammed Gulzar Ahmed* , Vinay C. H, Sanjana. A

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of the teeth caused by groups of specific microorganisms. Local delivery of tetracycline antibiotics has been investigated for the possibility of overcoming the limitations of conventional therapy. The goal of this research work is to prepare nanoparticles and microspheres containing minocycline hydrochloride, these tiny particles are formulated into in-situ gels as a local drug delivery system within the periodontal pockets for the effective treatment of periodontitis. FT-IR studies indicated that there was no chemical interaction between drug and polymer and stability of the drug. The microspheres were prepared by emulsion cross linking method using chitosan as a polymer. Nanoparticles containing Minocycline hydrochloride were developed by using eudragit RL 100 as polymer. Microspheres and nanoparticles were evaluated for drug content, particle size analysis and stability studies. The physicochemical parameters reveal that microspheres have a discrete spherical structure without aggregation. The average particle size of minocycline nanoparticles and microspheres were within the range. On the other hand optimized formulations ofin-situ gels containing nanoparticles, microspheres and pure drug were prepared by using gellan gum (0.6 % w/v) and comparative in-vitro diffusion study have done for these in-situ gel formulations. No appreciable difference was observed in the extent of degradation of product during 60 days in which nanoparticles and microspheres were stored at 40°C/ 75% RH. Key words: periodontitis,minocycline hydrochloride, nanoparticles, microspheres and In-situ gels

1673-1688

Authors: Masthan Rao CH.N.V.S* , Ram Bramha Reddy, Raman Kumar. P

The aim of my present study is to Develop and Evaluate Microemulsion for topical application of Diclofenac sodium by using oleic acid at different ratios for the treatment of pain. Design of microemulsion formulation for topical use of drugs, having the potential to increase the solubility of poorly water soluble drugs. To avoid the first pass metabolism and there is a potential to deliver the drug in a controlled manner to minimize the adverse effect on the g.i.t like mild dyspepsia and heartburn to ulceration and hemorrhage. Reduction of dosing frequency due to longer duration of action. To improve patient compliance to provide sustained release drug for longer periods of time due to short half-life. To delivery of hydrophilic as well as lipophilic drug as drug carriers because of its improved drug solubilization capacity and long shelf –life. Microemulsion was prepared by water trituration method using oleic acid as oil phase, tween-80 as surfactant and polyethylen glycol-400 as co-surfactant. Different oils, surfactants and co-surfactants were screened to select ideal components of microemulsions with good solubility and excellent skin penetration of Diclofenac sodium. The solubility of diclofenac sodium was highest in oleic acid followed by olive oil, and isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate. ME-3 was exhibited 98.54±0.26% higher drug content then other formulations. Among all formulations, the highest permeation flux of µg/cm2 /hour was observed in of formulation ME-3. Keywords: Microemulsion, Optical transparency, Particle size, Transmission Electron Microscopy, in –vitro skin permeation, FT-IR.