INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

878-880

Authors: Shaik. Suhana*, SK. Sahena Raksha, D. Eswar Tony

Polyarteritis nodosa is a rare disease resulting from blood vessel inflammation (vasculitis), causing damage to organ systems and featuring an extended range of possible symptoms. Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), also known as Kussmaul disease or Kussmaul-Maier disease, is a vasculitis of the medium and/or small arteries that become swollen and damaged as a result of the attack by rogue immune cells, and the condition may be associated with various atypical presentations. The annual incidence of PAN varies between five and nine cases per million. Men are generally more affected than women in a 2:1 ratio, most frequently between the ages of 40 and 60 years. PAN is more common in people with hepatitis B infection. PAN may affect multiple organs, including skin, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract, as well as the peripheral and central nervous systems. The inflammatory process causes necrosis of cells and structural components of the artery with aneurysms or stenosis formations. PAN often can culminate in necrosis or hemorrhage of the affected organ.

886-893

Authors: K. Ramesh Reddy*1, V. Jayasankar Reddy1 G. Saisri Harsha1, K. Anil2

The main objective of the study is to formulate and evaluate oro-dispersible tablets of Metoprolol tartrate with suitable superdisintegrantsMetoprolol Tartrate is effective β-blocker used in the second line treatment for angina and for myocardial infarction. Adult dose as conventional preparations is 25-100 mg daily in single or divided doses, as extended release 100-200 mg once daily. The bioavailability of the drug when formulated as conventional tablets is 40 % due to hepatic metabolism. The present investigation was undertaken with a view to develop a fast dissolving tablet of Metoprolol tartrate which offers a new range of product having desired characteristics and intended benefits prepared by direct compression method using different concentrations of superdisintegrant. Effect of superdisintegrant on wetting time, drug content, in-vitro drug release, disintegration time has been studied. Disintegration time increased with increase in the level of Croscarmellose while it decreased for Sodium starch glycolate, the release was dependent on the aggregate size in the dissolution medium. It is concluded that Metoprolol Tartrate fast dissolving tablets could be prepared using superdisintegrant with improved bioavailability and rapid onset of action. Keywords: Fast dissolving tablets, Metoprolol Tartrate, Croscarmellose sodium, Sodium starch glycolate, disintegration time, in-vitro drug release

926-929

Authors: Divya Jonnala*, D. Navya, D. Eswar Tony

The human eye is the one of the most important part which can do major actions and having a control all over the body by sending visual impulses to brain. It is very sensitive and if we should not take care of it, results in exposure to variety of diseases. Gathering of information from the environment is the major task for our response and this can be done by the eye only. Even the mechanism of camera that we are using now a day was based on the eye only. Both the eye and camera gathers light and transforms that light into picture. Both also have lenses to focus the incoming light. Just as a camera focuses the light onto the film to create a picture, the eye focuses light onto a specialized layer of cells, called the retina to produce an image. In this review article, a neat depiction was given about the anatomy and physiology of eye. Keywords: Human eye, Sense organ, visual impulses, anatomy of eye.

937-946

Authors: M. Hareesh Reddy*1, Dr. A. Sambasiva Rao2

The goal in designing sustained or controlled delivery systems is to reduce the frequency of the dosing or to increase effectiveness of the drug by localization at the site of action, reducing the dose required or providing uniform drug delivery. Polymers which are used as release retarding materials in the design of controlled release drug delivery systems (CRDDS) play a vital role in controlling the delivery of drug from these systems. The success of controlled release drug delivery systems depends on how well the polymer regulates the release of drug from the system. In conventional drug therapy, a tablet provides only a single and transient burst of drug .It doesn’t maintain drug blood level with in therapeutic range for extended period of time. The short duration of action is due to the inability of conventional dosage form to control the temporal delivery. As long as the amount of drug is above the minimum effective concentration, a pharmacological response is observed. Problems occur when the therapeutic range is very narrow or when the peak is beyond the upper limit of range. The oral route is the route most often used for administration of drugs. Tablets are the most popular oral formulations available in the market and are preferred by patients and physicians alike. In long-term therapy for the treatment of chronic disease conditions, conventional formulations are required to be administered in multiple doses and therefore have several disadvantages. Sustained release dosage forms have been demonstrated to improve therapeutic efficiency by maintenance of a steady drug plasma concentration. The use of polymers in controlling the release of drugs has become an important tool in the formulation of pharmaceutical dosage forms. Sustained release can be achieved by formulating drugs as matrix devices using HPMC, Sodium CMC and other swellable polymer. Also the matrix tablets are easy to prepare and they are cost effective and exhibit predictable release behavior. Key Words: Controlled drug delivery systems (CRDDS), Matrix tablet, HPMC, Sodium CMC, Swellable polymer

955-960

Authors: Y. Naveen Kumar*1, Dr. J. Sreekanth2

The main aim of this work is Esomeprazole sodium is formulated as controlled release tablets to provide desired effect at certain time in maintained drug concentration without any unwanted effect with patient compliance also to improve it bioavailability by decreasing its expose to gastric acid. A controlled release dosage form is designed to release the drug from the dosage form at a time other than promptly after administration. UV Spectrophotometric method has been developed for the estimation of Esomeprazole in pharmaceutical formulations. Then the tablets were prepared by dry granulation method rather than direct compression because of cohesive property of the drug. Optimized core tablet then subjected for enteric coating by selected base coat polymer cellulose derivative for preventing core tablet from moisture. The coated formulations were compared with marketed sample (ESOZ) for optimization. Dissolution results of tablets with enteric coating have shown release of Esomeprazole in simulated gastrointestinal fluid pH 1.2, but most of the drug released in pH 6.8 Phosphate buffer. At the end it was found that prepared formulation gave satisfactory results compared with marketed sample dissolution profile. Hence prepared formulation by-pass the degradation of Esomeprazole by enteric coating approach and can be used as single unit dosage for the treatment of acid-related diseases. Thus a pharmaceutically equivalent, robust formulation of Esomeprazole controlled release tablet was developed. Keywords: Esomeprazole, UV spectrophotometric method, Enteric coating, Controlled release tablets, In vitro drug release.

967-973

Authors: S. El Adib ¹, S. Slim, E. Hamdeni

The Barbary fig is a plant of the arid and semi-arid areas that is able to adapt to poor soils and high temperatures. The cactus has interesting properties that grow and develop the culture promote its byproducts. This study was conducted on three cultivars of Opuntia ficus-indica are those of Zelféne, Sbeïtla and Kairouan. The study was made in order to carry out a description and comparison between cultivars. In terms of recovery methods, extraction and characterization of the oil was made from the seeds. The oil yields vary from 1.35 to 1.9% for Sbeïtla and Kairouan cultivars and reached 2.7% for the cultivar Zelféne. The major fatty acids present in the oil of the seeds are palmitic acid (C16: 0), stearic acid (C18: 0), linoleic acid (C18: 2) and oleic acid (C18: 1 ). However, the most dominant fatty acid is linoleic acid with 61.79 of contents; 57.19 and 58.92% respectively for Zelféne, Sbeïtla and Kairouan. As for the sterol composition, siosterol Beta is the major component of this oil whose content varies from 67.14% for the cultivar Sbeïtla and 81.18% for that of Zelféne. Seed of oil is also rich in vitamins (tocopherols) which γ-tocopherol is the largest reaching 57.98 mg / 100 g of oil. Keywords: Opuntia ficus-indica -Oil seeds - fatty acids - tocopherol - sterols Corresponding Author: