SCHOLARLY RESEARCH JOURNAL FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES

17795/17800

Authors: Sunita Jagtap & Prof. Vilas Deshmukh

NA

17812/17818

Authors: Chetan Chavan & Subhash Gholap

NA

17828/17836

Authors: Shivangi Sharma

NA

17842/17850

Authors: Shivangi Sharma

NA

17859/17863

Authors: Aparajita Jaiswal, Anju Agarwal & Yash Pal Singh

The global concern of education for all has been our focus since last few decades. Inclusive education is an educational system that provides opportunities for marginalized children & other children with special needs to pursue education at mainstream schools along with normal students. Our focus has been on bringing those children into mainstream education who somehow are left out of it. These particularly include Socio-Economically Disadvantaged Groups (SEDGs) such as schedule castes, schedule tribes, OBCs, minorities, girls, third-gender and disabled children. Present paper however focuses particularly upon education of children with disabilities

17873/17886

Authors: Mr. Santanu Bhowmick & Inderjeet Singh Sodhi

In India, elected actors are playing major roles in all fronts of ensuing development and growth-related activities at all levels. In this context, the researcher’s idea is that elected actors need to be knowledgeable at each level of government mechanism so that idea of sustainable growth and development can be ensured in true spirit and for that grassroots level government and governance system has a very important role in it. Regarding sustainable development and growth ideas environmental issues, biodiversity management is a major concern, and it is expected that elected actors at the grass root level institutions need to be knowledgeable enough to work on these issues. But the question arises whether the existing members of local government and governance have adequate knowledge to take care of these pertinent issues on environment and biodiversity. So, the major idea of the paper is to understand the knowledge status of elected members at the grass root level of governance, and members of BMC so that the study team can also understand the functioning status of BMC. BMC has been created in all local bodies in India with the direction of the National Green Tribunal (NGT) and based on the biological diversity Act 2002 and Bio-logical Diversity Rules 2004 of the Government of India. The observations made in this study are expected to trigger the interests of the researchers, academicians, and policymakers at various levels working towards biodiversity management and the role of local government and governance.

17892/17895

Authors: Kaushal Kishor Singh & Yogendra Kumar Saraswat

NA

17901/17904

Authors: Pratiksha Raghuvanshi

NA

17915/17920

Authors: Sutar Yuvraj Subhash & Thakur Riyanka P.

Human being is a rational animal. He thinks about his life, meaning of life and purpose of life. Human asks himself what it means to exist as a human being. The philosophy about this question known as ‘existentialism’. It is concerned with a search for self and the meaning of life through responsibility. According to the existentialism, human beings as an isolated existent who is cast into an alien universe; to conceive the human world as possessing no inherent truth, value or meaning. In the context of present research PK’s story becomes the story of modern man who is always in search of something or identity and finds himself lonely and rootless. This is a satirical take on various sensitive issues like political beliefs, religion and superstitions which have been deeply rooted in the Indian minds.

17936/17939

Authors: Samapti Paul

NA

17949/17954

Authors: Soma Paul

NA

17548/17554

Authors: Mridul Kumar Singh

IN MARATHI

17565/17570

Authors: Shubham Pandey

Children of time is a story that undertakes a herculean endeavor: a fascinating attempt at worldbuilding, creating a snapshot as it were of the evolution of a particular species from simple biological creatures to wise and sentient beings. Aside from being a cogent account of a new world order in which intelligent spiders are at the top of the food chain and humans are the belligerent outsiders and colonizers seeking to seize control from the intelligent arthropods, Adrian Tchaikovsky’s novel also highlights the pertinent issue of ecological damage caused by anthropogenic activities which is rapidly taking the planet toward a cataclysmic event, the Sixth Extinction.

17581/17587

Authors: Sarika Gautam Bahirat

IN MARATHI

17595/17601

Authors: Raj Kumar

NA

17615/17620

Authors: Ummed Singh

NA

17629/17636

Authors: Mrs. Ghadge Snehal Sahebrao

Youngsters and also the ladies have been exploited everywhere around the globe in one way or another, several ways in which are overtly followed against them whereas some are deeply coated behind the curtains, feminine reproductive organ Mutilation(FGM) is one such grotesque method of exploitation of young women. The practice refers to the forceful cutting or manipulation of the private parts of young girls in the name only of cultural and spiritual beliefs. It reflects the deep-seated difference between the sexes and constitutes an extreme kind of discrimination against women. This paper is aimed toward explaining the meaning and therefore the} procedures and techniques concerned during this derogative follow together with the harmful effects that it's on the life and dignity of the people and the reasons behind its prevalence within the society. The paper also deals with the position of this practice in Asian countries and internationally. it's nearly continuously administrated on minors so may be a violation of the rights of children. The practice is aimed at gender inequality and tries to manage women's sexuality, and concepts concerning purity, modesty, and beauty. This paper is an endeavor to spotlight the hidden existence of this life-threatening practice behind the curtain of culture and faith in India.

17642/17646

Authors: Mr. A. Lakshmi Narayanan & T. Komalavalli

Presently the entire sector of the education undergoes in several aspects and particular in the pedagogical aspects. Traditional ways of imparting knowledge are being replaced with ICT integrated pedagogy. Techno-pedagogy has been the present way of providing education. There is a direct integration of the digital platform and tools to the offline traditional classroom. In techno-pedagogy the classroom is blended with usual physical and virtual mode of education. The teaching aids in traditional educational system are being replaced with digital tools and techniques to teach a concept. Teacher education undergoes such new changes in the curriculum with the integration of technology leading to the improvement of the quality in teacher education. All the pedagogical practices in teacher education can be integrated with technology and this techno-pedagogy is used in the teacher education is an optimistic way. Employability is the prime aim of any pattern and level of education. In teacher education too employability is very important in terms of the placement of the prospective teachers in schools. With the integration of the techno-pedagogy the employability skills of the prospective teachers could be enhanced. Teacher trainees who are exposed to techno-pedagogy have more chance of employability in best schools. In the light of these concepts, this article discusses on the importance of techno-pedagogy skills that can be developed among prospective teachers to increase their employability.

17659/17666

Authors: Mohd Aftab Siddiqui

People are aware that India and China's relationship is stressed and contemporary. The majority of political specialists believe that the world's political system is shifting as power shifts from the West to the East. China and India, the two nations with the largest populations, are beginning to proclaim their identities and are becoming economic superpowers. China and India, the two largest countries in the region, will play a significant role in determining the course of the 21st century. Even while ties between India and China have improved in recent years, they rmain very complex and difficult to describe. Despite frequent border conflicts and economic nationalism in both nations, the two have attempted to cooperate economically till now. With the positive relations in mind, countries are trying to synchronise and grow together while the concerns seem complex with recent disputes, boycotts, pandemic etc. The paper has attempted to understand the relatable dimensions and actions both governments took for a better relationship. The results identified that future seems bright for both nations but, they need to cooperate and grow together leaving tensions apart.

17681/17687

Authors: Tripti Bhati

The Rape of the Lock is one of the best examples of mock-epic or mock-heroic poems written in English History. It is an imitation of Horatian satire, written in the Eighteenth-Century by Alexander Pope, in which he uses irony, sarcasm, and exaggeration to expose follies and vanities of the aristocratic or upper class in England in an undignified and grandiose manner. Written in heroic couplets about a trivial subject matter, the poet juxtaposes the trivial world of the upper class with the heroic deeds mentioned in the classical epics. This paper navigates the epic allusions used in The Rape of the Lock to mock the shortcomings of the upper class in England and to also satirize the epic tradition itself.

17696/17702

Authors: Balakrishnan P. & Dr. V. Nalini

Career guidance plays a vital role in helping product markets work and education systems to meet their goals. Because the choice of a career is one of the most crucial decisions one makes in life. It should be taken with discussion of different career experts. A career should be chosen with utmost care, thought, and planning. Individual have different innate capacities and abilities and hence aptitudes for different kind of work. The purpose of Career Guidance is to match the individuals and the occupation optimally for mutual benefits. Recent evidence suggests that social mobility relies on wider acquisition not just of knowledge and skills, but also understanding how to use them. In this context, the mission of Career Guidance is very vast, to become part of lifelong learning. In this paper, we become to know about the needs and importance of Career Guidance and its proper implementation. And we know to improve Career Guidance for making student’s beautiful life as well as for all of us. Career is by choice not by chance. Career Guidance is the guidance given to individuals to help them acquire the knowledge, information, skills and experience necessary to identify career options and narrow them down to make one career decision. This career decision then results in their social, financial and emotional wellbeing throughout. Career Guidance is given on career related problems and education.

17708/17713

Authors: Pavan Gautam & Durgesh Gautam

NA

17723/17730

Authors: Sandeep Negi, Harish Chandra, H.V. Pant R. Dhoundiyal, Deepali Singhal and Suresh Kumar

In the present study, a simple UV- spectrophotometric method for the determination of the total vitamin C (ascorbic acid + dehydroascorbic acid) in various fruits and vegetables is described. In this method bromine water is added which oxidizes the ascorbic acid into dehydroascorbic acid. After coupling with 2,4 -dinitrophenyl hydrazine at 37°C temperature for about three hours, the solution is treated with 85% H2SO4 to produce a red color complex. Then, the absorbance was spectrophotometrically measured at 521 nm. The content of vitamin C was 1.868 to 51.74 mg/10g in fruits and 0.841 to 17.416 mg/10g in vegetables. The standard deviation and the possible interfering factors are also discussed.

17735/17746

Authors: Harshvardhan & Suhasini Bajpeyi

IN MARATHI

17756/17762

Authors: Mrs. Ahir Bhakti Ishwar & Vandana Pimple

A general insurance policy comprises a range of insurance plans other than life insurance products. The types of general insurance policies include motor insurance, health insurance, home insurance, marine insurance, travel insurance and so on. The general insurance policy offers coverage to policyholders to compensate their damages or losses incurred from a specific incurred. Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) is a monolithic firm from last few decades. Author emphasizes that more number of office with lower operating expense is the key to success. LIC has got both the advantages. After the successful enactment of economic reforms in life insurance sector in India, LIC of India has made numerous positive efforts to conquest the hearts of the people. LIC of India must increase their agent’s base to retain its leading market share because agents are the main pillar of the corporation. An augmented number will not only help the corporation to facet their noticeable presence in the market but also in turn help in growing their business volume too.

17767/17772

Authors: Maninder Kaur & Harpreet Kaur

The United Nations’ Transforming Our World: The SDG 2030 Agenda is very ambitious global agreement in recent history which is highly dependent on overall balanced systems of higher education. Knowledge, skills, values and attitudes actually empower the learners to contribute towards sustainable development. Only the well-established approach of Education for Sustainable Development(ESD) empowers learners to take informed decisions and responsible actions for environmental integrity, economic viability and a just society for the present and future society. The importance of education in contributing to the sustainable growth of the economy cannot be overstated. The initiatives of higher education institutions contribute to the attainment of sustainable economic growth on a world-wide scale. Though today’s higher education system has witnessed significant transformations; however, the impact of HEIs efforts and initiatives on sustainable economic growth and high –quality employment is a gradual process that requires time, in comparison to the impact of economic policies. The present article focusses on the role of higher education institutions in promoting sustainable, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full employment and decent work for all.

17781/17789

Authors: Ms. Shilpa Shinde

A rubric is an evaluation tool that clearly indicates achievement criteria across all the components of any kind of student work, from written to oral to visual. It can be used for marking assignments, class participation, or overall grades. Rubrics are most often used to grade written assignments, but they have many other uses. They can be used for oral presentations. They are a great tool to evaluate teamwork and individual contribution to group tasks. Rubrics facilitate peer-review by setting evaluation standards. In this article, we discuss rubric, rubric for self evaluation of students.

17038/17046

Authors: Deepak S. Mewada & Prof. D. K. Pandey

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compile and analyze certain information that has been previously published in the ‘The Global Go To Think Tanks Index Report’. Designed/methodology approach: The analytical approach was used to analyze the past 10 years of published data of ‘The Global Go To Think Tanks Index Report’ from 2011 to 2020. The analysis includes the year-wise distribution pattern and quantity of think tanks worldwide, particularly India. It also consists of the percentage growth of these think tanks, especially the growth of different policy think tanks in India. Research limitation(s): The research is confined to only 10 years of ‘The Global Go To Think Tanks Index Report’ publications spanning from 2011 to 2020, and no other aspects were considered for this particular research paper. Key finding(s): According to the findings of the research, at the end of the decade, i.e., the year 2020, there were a total of 11175 think tanks from all over the world, out of which 612 were think tanks from India that featured in the GGTTI Report. The research also revealed that from 2011to 2020, think tanks in India had a growth of 110%, while it was a 70% overall growth of think tanks worldwide. The Indian think tanks have seen a rise from 2014, while think tanks worldwide have seen a gradual rise till 2016 and then a significant rise from 2016 to 2019, with a spike from 2019 to 2020. Practical implication(s): Policy making is a complex process, and think tanks are major players in policy making. However, their role and approach have not been studied or taken into consideration. This study identified the gap and loopholes in the existing study and understanding of think tanks by examining their growth. The analysis will create awareness among potential authors, readers, policymakers, experts, and analysts. This study will attempt to understand the scope and importance of think tanks Contribution to knowledge: The research attempted to highlight the contribution of ‘The Global Go To Think Tanks Index Report’s to the field of think tanks and their study. This study attempts to serve as a source of guidance for novice researchers interested in the analysis of research outputs of various think tanks and their scholarly databases. It also contributes to the academic world to assist and extend the boundaries of knowledge. Paper type: Research.

17052/17064

Authors: Piyali Ghosh & Prof Avinash Bhandarkar

Interest is an important factor that motivates and energizes the learning of students. The present study investigated the enhancement of mathematical interest through visual mapping programming of 9th-standard students. Here the 50 experimental samples were drawn from Bengali medium in West Bengal Board of Secondary Education School of Howrah District West Bengal State. One group of pre and post-test experimental designs were adopted. A standardized mathematical interest scale by Dr. Uma Tandon and Ashok Pal was used for pre and post-test to measure the mathematical interest of 9thstandard students. Visual mapping programs were developed by the researchers. The hypothecation was tested by using z-score analysis and objectives were answered by using mean SD and feedback sheet of students. The finding was a significant difference in the enhancement of interest in the mathematics of students. Thus, it can be concluded that the visual mapping program enhanced students’ interest in mathematics

17072/17079

Authors: M. P. Tripathi & Shalini Chopra

IN MARATHI

17084/17097

Authors: Miss. Tanaaz Khan

Employee Engagement is just as critical for both workers and additionally the business. All real associations concur that there is an association between employee engagement and productivity increment through engaging employees in the workplace which prompts increment in yield, expanded deals, purchaser joy, and representative maintenance. Employee engagement is imperative keeping in mind the end goal to shape an enthusiastic association in the middle of representatives and the organization which affects their state of mind towards the organization's customers, and along these lines, it also enhances consumer loyalty and administration levels. This paper attempts to understand the concept and significance of Employee engagement. It further aims to present the case of Sidmak Laboratories (I) Pvt. Ltd. with reference to the Employee Engagement Practices. A Case study approach was conducted with the help of an independent study done at Sidmak Laboratories by the Researcher as an Internship project. Employee Engagement is pretty essential for Human Resources, an engaged employee potentially performs better than a nonengaged employee. Various engagement practices at the Organisation helps the Human Resources to engage further and contribute better.

17104/17118

Authors: Shabir Ahmad Parry & Umar Iqbal Wani

The school's morning assembly provides a cool and disciplined beginning to the day's usually busy programme. It might be a way to convey and transform significant knowledge and ideals to the pupils. It provides a time of meditation before the workday begins, the school community gathers, and the assembly turns into a vehicle for addressing significant things to one another. The aim of this study is to emphasise the importance of morning assembly and the role of head masters, physical teachers in organising and maintain morning assemblies in schools. The concept of morning assembly is mentioned at the start of the article followed by importance, role of headmaster and physical education teacher and then suggestions how to conduct morning assembly.

17128/17137

Authors: Sawroop Kaur

2020 is a hard time for the global community around the globe. This COVID-19 Pandemic has shut down the entire world and has resulted in a tremendous crisis. It is the virtual world that has come to the rescue. It has not only enormous consequences but having a devastating impact on global education. Everyone shifting to the digital arena in the education sector. Online learning has dramatically changed the learning process, replacing traditional face-to-face interaction and gaining ground around the globe. Online learning at home requires children to rely on intrinsic motivation and self-directed learning. Parents play a fundamental role in supporting children’s learning. The study explores the perception of parents of online learning during deadly Corona Virus Disease-19. For this purpose, a survey has been organized using a five-point Likert scale to collect data from parents through WhatsApp, one of the social media application software. This study has been conducted by taking a sample of 52 parents of children who are studying from pre-nursery to fifth class. The data has been analyzed with the help of Google forms qualitatively. As a response of parents due to the COVID-19 crisis, this study indicated that the majority of parents are capable to support their child’s learning at home but some parents considered that homeschooling is a burden for their child. Nearly one-third of them reported that their child becomes techno-savvy through online learning but the concentration level of the child has reduced. Half of them (50%) considered that they help their child in his/her homework to reduce academic stress. Also, the findings lay bare that an equal number of respondents reveal that online learning make their children independent but they also have views that the purpose of online learning is just to collect fees from parents. Nearly less than half of the parents receive all the information from the child’s teacher to support online learning.

17145/17150

Authors: Pawan Kumar

India is basically country of villages. Our entire system is based on the villages. Besides the increasing urban population, after more than seven decades of independence our economy is depending on agro based. Presently, more than Seventy percent of the population still resides in the villages. Keeping in broader prospect of Indian society, rural development is one of the major aspects of India System. Without rural development, development of Indian society is not possible. Our past experience proves that without participation of rural masses, rural development is not possible. Hence there is close relationship between the Panchayti raj Institutions and rural development. Panchayats have been the backbone of grassroots democracy in the Indian villages from ancient times. The 73rd constitutional Amendment Act granted constitutional status to the grassroots system and gave more powers to implementation of rural development programmes, policies and schemes. Himachal Pradesh is one of ideal state of India. It came in to being on 15th April 1948. Before the formation of Himachal Pradesh, no attention was paid to economic development and social welfare of the people in princely states. Only some efforts were made by the rulers in their states. The systematic evaluation of resources and their scientific exploitation was started in only after the formation of Himachal Pradesh as full-fledged state. It is only then that the people and the government of the Pradesh started making concerted efforts to improve socio economic condition of the people. Present paper evaluates the role of Panchayats in rural development in Himachal Pradesh. The study is based on the secondary data.

17157/17162

Authors: Chandradhari Yadav & Ruby Kumari

NA

17173/17182

Authors: Nitin Vyaas

Test of e-learning related attitudes (TeLRA) scale developed by D.H. Kisanga and G. Ireson Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom published in International Journal of Education and Development using information and communication technology (IJEDICT), 2016, Vol.12,issue1,pp 20-36 was used to study the attitude in relation to four areas as: Challenges of elearning, benefits from e-learning, Attitude on using computer systems and leisure interest on elearning and use of computers systems. The present study was conducted through descriptive survey method. The targeted population for this study comprised of all rural and urban student teachers of various educational institutions of Shimla city including Department of Education, Himachal Pradesh University. A sample of 400 and female student teachers were given ( TeLRA) scale in the form of Google form online. Out of these 218 student teachers (109rural and 109urban) were taken as sample. t-test was computed for the statistical analysis of the data. Finding indicates that Rural and urban student teachers do not differ significantly on any of the factor of e-learning. Further from the mean values, the inference can be drawn that rural student teachers shows similar kind of attitude towards e-learning as compared to urban student teachers and are well known to the benefits from e-learning, also they have shown leisure interest on e-learning and are comfortable in using computer systems. But rural student teachers are found to be more comfortable on using computer systems as compared to its counterpart

17188/17192

Authors: Preetha George

The purpose of the study was to assess the writing difficulties in English among the upper primary school students in relation to their gender, locale and type of management of school. The sample consisted of 400 hundred upper primary students from different schools in Kerala. The research used descriptive survey method. The result of the study revealed that unaided school students have less writing difficulties than government and aided school students. The students from rural schools have low writing difficulties than the students of town area schools.

17209/17217

Authors: Anshul Gupta & Kumar Rajeev Ranjan

Health is directly connected with the welfare of the human being as this sector is the most important social service sector. The key focus of this sector is to reap the demographic dividend to produce healthy workforce and do social welfare of a State. The J&K performed very well in providing medical & health amenities to the people, but it is still below the satisfaction level. The development of health infrastructure in the state is measured through health infrastructure i.e., availability of dispensaries, doctors and hospitals. The State shows good outcomes in Crude Birth Rate, Institutional Births, life expectancy and Infant Mortality Rate. Government is running various programs to ensure the health care facilities and infrastructure for public health care but there is lack of the resources and manpower as per requirements. The population of India is the main hindrance on the way to ensure public health cares.

17226/17237

Authors: Nasla Mol. K. & Mumthas. N. S.

Socio-personal Adjustment is defined as the interaction of organisms with other organisms and to their collective co-existence, irrespective of whether they are aware of it or not, and irrespective of whether the interaction is voluntary or non-voluntary. The population under study is prospective teachers at secondary level. The study was conducted on a sample of 900 prospective teachers at secondary level drawn from teacher training colleges under University of Calicut using stratified sampling technique. Survey method is used for the present study. A tool Socio-personal Adjustment Scale was used for measuring Socio-personal Adjustment of the sample. The result shows that there is significant difference in the mean difference of Socio-personal Adjustment between male and female prospective teachers. The positive sign of critical ratio [t= 4.65, P ? .01] shows that male prospective teachers are having more Socio-personal Adjustment than the female prospective teachers

17250/17260

Authors: Hemakant N. Wakde

The purpose of the present study was to explore the influence of academic achievement of pre-service student teachers on their emotional maturity in relation to their gender and residential area. The sample consist of 357 B.Ed. course trainers (183 Male & 174 Female) randomly taken from Self-financed B. Ed. Colleges of Bhopal City. To measure the emotional maturity of pre-service teachers, Emotional Maturity Scale (EMS) developed by Dr. Yashvir Singh & Dr. Mahesh Bhargava (2006) were used. For measure the academic achievement of pre-service student teachers, their final year graduation obtained percentages were used. Mean, SD and ‘t’ test were used for data analysis. The result showed that there is no significant influence of academic achievement of pre-service student teachers on their total score of emotional maturity and emotional progression, social adjustment and independence. The pre-service student teachers with high academic achiever are more emotionally stable and more integrated personality than that of the low academic achiever. No significant influence of gender and residential area was found in respect of total score of emotional maturity and all factors. The female pre-service student teachers are significantly higher academic achiever in comparison with those of male counterparts. Urban pre-service student teachers are significantly higher academic achiever in comparison with those of rural counterparts

17268/17272

Authors: Suresh Kumar & Babita Bantwan

Medicinal and food plants as well as their bioactive fraction have been used by diverse human cultures since ancient times. These plants provide multiple health benefits because of the presence of different type’sphytochemical compound and that are responsible for various biological activities. General composition including various bioactive and their health contribution has been reviewed in this paper

17282/17287

Authors: Sham Randive

IN MARATHI

17306/17321

Authors: Ms. Kartika Subakade & B. T. Lawani

Social development is the process through which children learn to build relationships. It involves learning the values, knowledge, and skills necessary to understand how to get along with others. Everyday experiences at home support children's developing social skills. The process of socialization is occurred from the birth of the child and there are agents of child socialization such as Family, Neighbours, Peers, Community and society play vital role in the process of socialization. According to Berns Roberta, these socializing agents are known as Microsystem in Ecology of Human Development. Now days, the Juvenile in Conflict with Law became the major issue among children in rural as well as urban area. The present research article will focus on the theory of the Ecology of Human Development. The research article will discuss on the effect of Microsystems on the socialization of Children In Conflict with Law. The main objective of this article are; to study primary and secondary agents of socialization of Children in Conflict with Law; to access the effect of Microsystem of Ecology of Human Development of Children in Conflict with Law; and To associate the effect of Microsystem of Ecology of Human Development with the unlawful acts of Children in Conflict with Law.For the present study the descriptive research design will be used to describe Microsystem of Ecology of Human Development of Children in Conflict with Law andthe simple random sampling method will be adopted, in which systematic random sampling method will be used for selection of sample

16639/16644

Authors: Anu Nagar

he Bhagavad Gita is an ancient Indian text which is a dialogue between Lord Krishna and Arjuna, narrated in the Bhishma Parva of the Mahabharata. This long text consists of eighteen discourses of a total of 701 Sanskrit verses which is known as the Bhagavad Gita. It is also referred to as the Gita. Its teachings are rational and scientific in approach. The Gita’s ethics is discussed mostly in the concepts like, svabhava, svadharma and niskama karma. In this paper I shall be discussing the concept of niskama karma which constitutes the rock-button of the Gita’s ethics. Niska karma is the Philosophy of Karma yaga of the Gita which elucidates that one has to perform actions with right imagination, having no desire for the consequences. The Bhagavad Gita which is a part of The Mahabharata is purely a spiritual document that encompasses everything connected with human beings and life on earth and it helps humanity to attain the goal of enlightenment and self-realization. In this I have discussed the Gita’s teaching concerning value. It’s teaching would be beneficial for both students and teachers for inculcating value sloping education among them for the betterment of the society as a whole.

16652/16661

Authors: Mohammad Yaseen Malik & Manzoor Ahmad Khan

"Tourism beyond Atmosphere" refers to any commercial operation that provides customers with direct or indirect space travel experiences. Long-term stays in orbital facilities, short-term orbital or suborbital flights, and even parabolic flights in an aircraft exposing passengers to brief periods of weightlessness are all examples of such activities. Flights into space by private individuals are gaining popularity among the general public. While chartered flights are not yet available, "space tourists" have taken orbital flights on occasion. So far, seven "space tourists" have been flown to the International Space Station ("ISS"), all of whom have been charged a significant sum of money for their participation. In this work, I have attempted to provide a clear and accessible description of Space Tourism. In this paper, the notion of space and space stations is discussed in great detail, as well as the details of the first space station. In this study paper, I also touched on the history and growth of space tourism. This paper also discusses the benefits and drawbacks of space tourism. In addition, I have attempted to analyse the impact of space flight on humanity, as well as the development and future of Space Tourism.

16670/16679

Authors: Varade Gauri Ratnakar

Inclusive education is based on the simple idea that every child is valued equally and deserves the same opportunities and experiences. Inclusive education is a child’s right, not a privilege. The special needs students many a times need extra attention. Hence the teacher's role becomes very challenging. Each student has his/her own preferred learning style. 'Learning styles' means every student learns differently. Though demanding it is important that the teacher tries to cater to every student's learning style. Graphic Organizers can be one of the solutions in this context. According to the ‘Schema Theory’ and the‘Dual Coding Theory'on using graphic organizers, theteaching-learning process can be made interesting and organized. It will enable us to deal with different kind of learners at thesame time since graphic organizers are presented via different presentation strategies.Considering all these points, the authors have come up with a model of teaching GOALS (Graphic Organizers and Learning Styles) to cater to the students having different learning styles with the specific reference to the VAK Model.An appropriate environment for learning can thus be designed. As the famous quote of Albert Einstein states ‘I never teach my pupils, I only attempt to provide the conditions in which they can learn.

16690/16697

Authors: Prof. Date Rasika Prabhakar & Dr. Ashok V. Kamble

Education plays a critical role in empowerment of an individual. In its commitment to provide ‘Quality Higher Education for all’, and promoting gender equity through education, the University Grants Commission (UGC) has initiated certain scholarships and other schemes for empowerment of women and girl students. This is a study of the selected schemes of the UGC and performance during the period 2015-16 to 2020-21. Secondary Data collected from the Annual Reports of the Commission revealed under-utilisation of available scholarships and fellowships. There is a need to enhance the awareness about the schemes of women empowerment. The scheme for Women Studies Centres in Universities and Colleges was enlarged to include the Scheme of Capacity Building of Women Managers in Higher Education in the twelfth plan. Presently there are 159 Women Studies Centres in various Universities and Colleges across the country. The performance of scheme for construction of women hostels has also been studied. During the year 2017-18, there were maximum beneficiaries for Post-Doctoral Fellowship for Women and Indira Gandhi Post-Graduate Scholarship for Single Girl Child. There is a need to create awareness about the ‘Saksham’ Portal and enhance the participation of women in research activities.

16708/16724

Authors: Sunanda Siddhartha Roy

The contemporary movement of inclusion in education has brought about a change in classroom interactions. Providing quality education for all in an inclusive setting is a challenge, however it is also the need of the hour. In order to face this challenge it is essential that teachers are educated for inclusion at the pre service levels. We need to educate the pre service teachers from the theoretical, practical and attitudinal perspective. The present paper reviews models of teacher education in general along with those for educating pre service teachers for Inclusion. A mixed methods study was conducted by the authors, which supported the suggestion given in the reviews that state the need for an educational programme for pre service teachers for inclusion. The authors have endeavored to suggest a framework for a model for pre service teacher education for inclusion based on the feedback given by the pre service teachers. This model has been named as the CAP-ACR Model for Inclusion. The model includes activities, which helps develop the three domains given by Dr. Benjamin Bloom i.e. the Cognitive (C), the Affective (A) and the Psychomotor Domain (P). Further the model is designed based on the principles of teacher education models namely the Applied Science (A) Model, the Reflective (R) Model and the Craft (C) Model, hence the name CAPARC Model for Inclusion.

16736/16746

Authors: Balaiada R. Dkhar & Basansy Kharlukhi

School absenteeism is identified as one of the problems where the administrators, teachers, parents, community members, society in general and school in particular are facing in various States across the country. For this, schools, administrators, and every stakeholder are working to solve the various problems which led to absenteeism of students as well as teachers. It is in this context that this study was carried out to identify the factors contributing to teachers and student’s absenteeism at elementary school level in Hill concentrated areas of Manipur. The sample for the study was students and teachers who were frequently absent from schools, head of the schools, teachers, parents of absentees students. The tools for data collection were questionnaire/ SES Scale, Interview scheduled (un- structured) for family respondents (parents) and students who are regularly absent, questionnaire for teachers and a focus group discussion was carried out with students. This study was primarily qualitative in nature. Some of the findings from the study were lack of basic facilities such as safe drinking water, separate toilet for boys, girls and teachers, no proper classroom settings, job satisfaction are some of the reason which contributes towards students as well as teachers absenteeism.

16757/16766

Authors: P.B. Kasture

It is obvious that human life and Science are closely interlinked. Teachers should try their best creating conducive environment to inculcate values in students, right from their school life in order to create a progressive society. Teachers can best generate such an environment during the Science period through various action-oriented programs .While considering the nature of education it is necessary to take into account the moral judgment to enable students to adjust efficiently in all occupations and lifestyle by bringing about a transformation in them. The people who develop in moral judgment are those who love to learn, who seek new challenges, who enjoy intellectually stimulating environments, who are reflective, who make plans and set goals, who take risks, who see themselves in the larger social contexts of history and institutions and broad cultural trends, who take responsibility for themselves and their environs. Therefore Students should be enabled to make their decisions on their own. Teacher should be encouraged to develop their own moral judgment. The objectives of the study were to develop activity based program for developing the moral judgment among students and to implement the activity based program and to measure the effectiveness of the program. The researcher developed activity based program for enhancement of moral judgment. Moral judgment test by Sinha and Varma has been administered on a random sampling of 300 fifth std. students. The data was analyzed using‘t’ test. The study showed that the Values could be inculcated through activity-based program and the activity-based program prepared by the researcher was effective for development of moral judgment

16770/16777

Authors: Saurabh Kumar Soni

A literature review examines books, academic papers, and any other materials related to certain subjects, study area, or theory and gives a description, summary, and critical assessment of these works in connection to the research problem under consideration. The goal of the study was to look at the methods of overall quality management in the solar energy industry. The review of literature linked to the research has been attempted to be cited in this part. Regarding the effects of TQM methods and implementation, different academics have come to different conclusions. TQM deployment has an impact on a company's business success, according to a number of studies. According to some experts, it does not increase a company's financial success.

16783/16790

Authors: Kranti Suhas Boravake & Shraddha Kaluram Kate

IN MARATHI

16803/16810

Authors: T.D. Bhandarkar

Environment is the source of the needs for human development in all respect right from beginning but unfortunately human beings are deteriorating the environment in so many ways. So various fatal effects and chages are being seen since few decades. Even the international conference of the experts held in Indonesia has alarmed to the world that the world have to be very conscious regarding environment depletion and pollution otherwise by 2030 many disasters may occur. Environmental awareness not only makes aware the world population about the natural environment and its problems, but also aims at developing in them the knowledge, attitudes and skills necessary to protect the natural balance in environment, besides working for its enrichment. Environmental awareness is nothing but teaching a man how to interact fully with the surrounding world, so as to improve his or her own inner world. Environmental awareness enables one to maintain his or her life. This,, in turn, helps in the preservation of human race. It channelizes man towards diminishing natural resources, environmental pollution and the problem of population explosion. Environmental awareness means the generation of widespread awareness of environmental problems. Thus in the present study researcher has tried to find out the environmental awareness among the secondary school students.

16821/16829

Authors: Sajjan Thul & Manisha Gulabrao Patil

IN MARATHI

16836/16842

Authors: Laxman Lal Salvi

Economic and social improvement of a nation mainly depends on the level of education of the human of that country. Therefore, it is required for a country to have a well-defined and futuristic higher education and school education policy. In order to make higher education and school education successful, different countries adopt different education systems keeping in mind their tradition and subculture. This paper highlights on diverse components announced in the new education policy 2020 and compares the system currently adopted, as well as the features contained in the new education policy connected to various innovations and predicted.

16849/16857

Authors: Neetu Goswami

NA

16866/16872

Authors: Sanjeet Pratap Singh & Deepti Rani

The origin of high energy Kα single Plasmon satellites of Kα 1,2 main emission line of Fluorides viz NaF, LiF, CaF2, Na3AlF6, MgF2, AlF3, NiF2, PbF2, CuF2 have been explained using Plasmon theory with new formulation of relative intensity by considering relative interference between intrinsic and extrinsic effects. The interference ‘Plasmon-coupling’ have been obtained theoretically in terms of non-diagram line to diagram X-ray line for the satellite profiles in the X-ray photoemission spectra. It is found that our results with new intensity formulation are in better agreement with experimental results.

16884/16891

Authors: Amit Kumar Verma & Kumar Rajiv Ranjan

IN MARATHI

16904/16913

Authors: Mrs. G. Shantha & T. Sahaya Saila

This study aimed to examine Smartphone addiction level, and the predictive factors of the Smartphone addiction in B.Ed. Programme student-teachers in Chennai. Survey method is used to select a sample of 300 students at the student-teachers. The research tools used are Smartphone addiction scale, developed and standardized by Dr. Vijayshri and Dr. Masaud Ansari is used for this study. This scale consists 23 items divided into six dimensions namely, Compulsion, Forgetfulness, Lack of Attention, Depression and Anxiety, Disturbed Hunger/Sleep and Social Withdrawal. The results of the statistical analyses show there is no significant difference between male and female student-teachers in the level of Smartphone addiction. There is significant difference between the student-teachers based on their educational level and internet access in Smartphone addiction. This study suggests that the student-teachers should reduce the intense use of Smartphone for smoothly doing their daily-life activities.

16920/16926

Authors: Shallu Devi

India's relationship with Afghanistan varies in various fields ranging from Afghan students studying in India to India providing medical services, infrastructure-based services, and mainly trade services which is crucial to both the countries for which India has been working for decades to establish a route for enhanced connection of trade, energy, and transit from Central Asian region to South Asian region countries. But the invasion of the Taliban into Afghanistan has led to a situation of uncertainties regarding the relations of both the concerned countries, thus heavily impacting the trade, plans, investments, exports, and imports via Afghanistan. Although the Taliban has publicized their plans for the continuation of the earlier set plan, the changes in foreign policy, past relationships, and the current fragile state will affect the plan, and in order to set up Indian companies in the country, India has to set clear views on the same.

16937/16944

Authors: Shallu Devi

The geopolitical situation of Afghanistan is drastic and hence the demolition of the country has started after the comeback of Taliban and withdrawal of American forces. Recently, the third Regional Security Dialogue on Afghanistan was held in New Delhi on September 10, 2021. (NSAs). In 2018 and 2019, Iran hosted the forum's initial two meetings. Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan agreed with India's National Security Advisor, Ajit Doval. There were two individuals who were absent. Moeed Yusuf, Pakistan's national security adviser, rejected the offer in writing, stating that "a spoiler (India) cannot be a mediator." Chinese authorities reported "scheduling problems." Given the current state of affairs in Pakistan, the refusal was not unexpected. China's absence indicates that Pakistan would continue to direct China's Afghanistan strategy. So, this is found to be a known situation for Indian leaders but these situations forces India to stay updated with the developments and hence modify their role in Afghanistan. The paper aimed to understand the redefining role of India in Afghanistan and hence it tried to determine the situation, strategies, plans and actions of India with Afghanistan. After a details exploratory examination, it has been found that yes, ofcourse, the role of India is changing but the recent developments has gave a significant power to Indian leadership which can help in creating betterment facilities for the welfare of people of both the nations in coming future.

16958/16961

Authors: N. Bineshkumar Singh

Inclusion of persons with disabilities and other marginalized section of human society in education is increasingly gaining importance in all part of globe. Access to Academic program, Services and activities is Crucial part of inclusive education. Academic accessibility is one of the important concept of inclusive education which is needed to be understood by all the stakeholders of academics who are conducting research in the area of Inclusive Education and Accessibility of education system for persons with disabilities. Need is being realized to study all the aspects of accessibility of education system that includes Accessibility of Academic web services, Accessibility of Academic built environment, Accessibility of Academic course content and Accessibility of course delivery mechanism. This paper presents concept of Academic accessibility in detail. All the components of Academic accessibility are presented systematically with its relevance on each other. It also covers Laws, Standards, guidelines and policies related to academic accessibility. The paper concludes with the presentation of institutional cases on academic accessibility and usability of the concept in Inclusive education.

16973/16979

Authors: Lalita Vartak, Ms. Annie George & Charudatta Gandhe

The term ‘Classroom ‘refers to that place in the journey of education which is beneficial to a student for academic as well as social learning where two important activities take place, that is teaching and learning. This place fosters the learners to remain focused in order to eliminate distraction from learning, to ease the flow of learning activities and help the students to ensure that the lessons run at ease without any disruptive behavior from the learners. The teacher’s role is that of a manager who devises various means to ensure that the class runs smoothly without any kind of disturbance from the learners. Classroom Management is one of the core components of effective teaching – learning process. Hence, the teacher has to use a variety of techniques and strategies to keep the students focused and attentive in order to achieve the educational goals. This can be attained by incorporating the five C’s as a part of the Managerial techniques which focuses on the smooth transition in the classroom by merging several principles of Classroom Management theories

16986/16994

Authors: Sontakke M.R. & S.S.Bodke

It is well known fact that the plants have ability to prepare different chemical compounds for different biological functions. In India the plants are used on large scale for different diseases considering these facts Ruellia tuberosa belonging to family Acanthaceae is selected for the present research work. Ruellia tuberosa is a small herb with fasciculate fleshy swollen roots. The plant is found to be with therapeutic effects as a natural remedy for constipation, antidote for poisons, leprosy, rheumatism, hemorrhoids and burning sensation. Many chemicals like Alkaloids, steroids, Phenolics, terpenoids and saponins are isolated from the roots of Ruellia tuberosa. The root extract is found to be contains different pharmacological properties. The present studies attempt the traditional uses, phytochemical analysis and pharmacological characters of roots of Ruellia tuberosa.

16299/16307

Authors: Ramesh Chand

There are a number of clearly defined processes leading to destruction of habitat and loss of biodiversity, but the ultimate cause of all these is the increasing human population. Most endangered species are threatened by numerous factors, but habitat loss worldwide is generally viewed as the single largest cause of biodiversity loss. When humans convert uninhabited areas for agriculture, forestry, urban development, or water projects like construction of dams, hydropower, and irrigation channels, they reduce or eliminate its usefulness as a habitat for the other species that live there. Biodiversity is the natural variety of living creatures we see around us. It is the variety of all forms of life on this terrestrial ecosystem. High rates of extinction are quickly reducing biodiversity especially in areas with high human population density and growth in the world. The direct and indirect effects of human interference on biodiversity are very challenging. Quantifying loss of genetic diversity is difficult, but it is clear that the extinction of species and declines in their population lead to a loss of genetic diversity. Unfortunately, the majority of the human population growth is seen within the greatest biodiversity hotspots. Scientific studies demonstrates that 87.9 percent of variation in endangered species can be explained by the single factor of human population density. In history many natural extinctions of species were witnessed, but the current rates of extinction are estimated to be roughly 100- times higher than the typical rates in the fossil record, and this increase of extinction will be 1000- 10,000 times higher in the future.

16319/16333

Authors: Pallavi Gautam

MinjarMela is a main fair of Chamba’s peoples. MinjarMela got the accreditation of International Fair and it is one of the famous fair in Himachal Pradesh. The fair is celebrated on the second day of the month of Shravan according to the Hindu calendar. This comes in last week of July and duration of the fair is 7 days. Minjar is a name of maize flower. The fair is organized when the young paddy and maize shoots emerge from the soil, thus to celebrate the harvesting season of maize, this fair is celebrated. In this fair people generally wear silk costumes and there is always a stalk of Minjar attached to it. From this research paper I can conclude that many people of Chamba city think that there'rechanges in traditional Minjar fair and some people think that there're no changes in Minjar fair. This study based on intensive field work conducted in Chamba district in the state of HimachalPradesh. During the months of February 2017 to march 2017.In this paper people saw that the changes in traditional Minjar fair like traditional festive songs replace with Bollywood or Punjabi songs, traditional fair converts into international and modern fair. This assignment didn’t against the changing patterns of Minjar fair, my main intension to just show how the Minjar fair of Chamba district changes traditional to international.

16349/16352

Authors: Prof. Chandra Dhari Yadav & Asst. Prof. Shailesh Yadav

NA

16353/16358

Authors: Vd. Durga Gorakh Satav & Vd. Vertika Srivastava

Ayurveda is one of the oldest recognized system of medicine with the rich heritage of fundamental concepts. One of the most important concept among all is Pathya-apathya Sankalpana. The management of any vikaar with the help of Aushadh- kalpana can give more than the expected result only when it is accompanied with Pathya-apathya kalpana, as it not only provides nutrition and helps to recover from vyadhi but also prevents the recurrence of disease. Agad-Tantra is the branch of ashtang ayurveda which deals with the management of various visha-vikaar. Along with the basic principles of neutralization of poison, ayurvedic classic also enumerates the pathya-apathya with visha-chikitsa. In visha-vikaar, pathya-apathya will nourish the dhatus to normal state, combat the effect of poison in residual form and prevents the arousal of any complication. The objective of this paper is to evidence the Pathya (do’s) and apathya (dont’s) to be accompanied with visha-chikitsa for the better management of visha-vikaar. Key-words- Pathya-apathya , Visha-vikaar.

16364/16372

Authors: Munir Ahmad Dar

The term "charismatic leader" has recently attained widespread and almost debased currency. In the past, it was occasionally applied to leaders like Gandhi, Roosevelt, Hitler and Lenin. Now nearly every leader with marked popular appeal, especially those of new states, is indiscriminately tagged as charismatic. To avoid such indiscriminate and therefore meaningless use of the term, we should know what is or should be included in the category of charismatic leadership to distinguish it from other forms of leadership. In the present study an attempt is made to see how Weber dealt with sociological components of charisma and bring together all that Weber himself wrote on the subject and systemize that material with the help of writings of modern Sociologists in order to develop the theory of Charismatic Leadership into a more workable tool for understanding Charisma as crucial to Weber's system of analysis as the basis for the explanation of social change.

16382/16390

Authors: Manisha Tathe & Rajeshree Jaybhaye

Maharashtra state started implementation of Continuous Comprehensive Evaluation system with Government Resolution of dated 20/8/2010. The objectives of the study were to study the present status of use of project tool and to study the problems which are occurred in use of project tool to teacher in present research a Survey method of Descriptive research method is selected for the study of project tool. For present research an Incidental or Easily available sample method was used. A seven point rating scale is used for analysis & interpretation of data. Percentage a statistical tool is used for analysis & interpretation of data of present research work. The finding of the study were there is significant measure of Teachers (87.27%) who had completed all trainings related to Continuous Comprehensive Evaluation and there is significant measure of Teachers (80%) who had used project tool in second semester.

16406/16409

Authors: S. Lisepi Sangtam

NA

16418/16425

Authors: Harish Kumar Yadav

Inclusive education means that students should be provided with meaningful education in an optimum environment so that they can make their life successful. It is an education system that ensures that every student gets a quality education without any barriers to ability, physical disability, language, culture, family background and age. The need of inclusive education is necessary in every country because the child takes education in general with the help of inclusive education. Designs of inclusive education the proper system of teaching learning process is mandatory for it. A system which is useful for all the students and can maximize their potential.

16437/16456

Authors: Mrs. Lucy Mishra

Tribal women are victims of double discrimination. They are discriminated because they are tribal and they are women. Across the globe indigenous women are marginalised and exploited. Various factors like depletion of forest resources, intrusion of industries, alteration in traditional means of occupation have threatened the basic social structure of tribal society. Along with these threatening conditions some additional conditions experienced from internal social structure like customs, traditions, folkways, norms etc. exclude tribal women from the process of land inheritance rights, absence in decision making process, withholding the right to choose sustenance skills. In comparison to their male counterparts, they lack in every sphere of human development indicators like basic education, healthcare facilities, sanitation, employment etc. tribal women though are significant contributors in economy have been at the juncture of marginalisation when it comes to property ownership and inheritance. This paper tries to explore the customary laws of inheritance among the Birhors of Mayurbhanj and the changes that have ushered in due to sedentarization process. This paper tries to examine in detail the notion of property among the Birhors of Mayurbhanj. The Birhor women and their perception towards the property in various dimensions viz. Family property, community property and individual property has been explored. The Birhors notion of property along with it the mode of transmission of property has also been enquired. The shift in the perception and practise of Customary laws of inheritance in Birhor society has been examined from the perspective of Birhor women and their stated responses.

16478/16488

Authors: Maged Hamood Mohammed Alrefi & S. Parween

This study aimed to evaluate the mobile applications that can be used in the inclusive classroom to teach and enhance English language skills among students with blindness. The analytical research design was employed in the current study. Using specific keywords and criteria, a total of 64 Voice Recognition Software (VRS), 31 Optical Character Recognition software (OCR), 34 Text to Speech software (TTS), and 59 e-Dictionaries available in android platform from January to August 2021 were analyzed using accessibility and usability checklist prepared by the authors. The tool's validity and consistency were gained through experts' good judgment and following the inter-rater reliability method. The findings of the study revealed that Google Assistant, Google Translator, SayHi Translator, and Talking Translator were ranked first among the VRS and e-Dictionaries, so they are considered as the best VRS and e-Dictionaries available in android platform that can be used to develop vocabulary and speaking skills among students with blindness. Whereas, Scanner Go, Clear Scanner, vFlat, Documents Scanner, Google Lens and Fast Scan Apps were ranked first among the OCR software. However, T2S, @Voice, Google Lens, and TTS Reader Apps were ranked first among the TTS Apps and considered as the best free TTS Apps available in android platform. Therefore, they are highly recommended to be used by general teachers in inclusive settings to compensate the lack of special technology, adapt the English subject curriculum for students with blindness, and enhance the students' self-learning and participation in the English class.

16499/16506

Authors: Ms. Amani Qasim Ahmed Al-Gashany & Saumya Chandra

This study aimed to compare between the effect of Discrete Trial Teaching (DTT) and Incidental Teaching Strategy (ITS) to develop receptive language skills among children with ASD in Yemen. The study adopt single subject experimental research design that involved Six Children in age range of 5-10 years. The researchers develop assessment tool to assess the receptive language skills consist of two parts asper age groups (5-7) & (8-10) years. Wilcoxon sign-rank test has been used to analyse. The study found that there is a significant difference between the DTT and ITS on receptive language skills among CwASD in favour DTT. The study concluded that using more than one strategy with the autistic child allows knowing the child's interests and abilities, and using them to better and more accurately meet the child's needs.

16511/16522

Authors: Mildred Lobo

Recent years have seen a great amount of research on collaboration, collaborative learning and collaborative activities in which students essentially work in small groups. Collaborative activities, often organized as project work in schools, are used to develop 21st Century skills in students. Collaboration has been considered as a means to increase student acquisition of content knowledge and develop cognitive skills, like critical thinking and problem solving (Kuhn, 2015). This paper presents the impact of collaboration on developing attributes of kindness among students at middle school level. 152 students from middle school of Bunts Sangha’s S M Shetty International School and Junior College , Mumbai, India participated in the survey. Data has been collected quantitatively and qualitatively through deploying a questionnaire to students. The findings of the study support the use of collaborative activities for developing kindness attributes in students. Such research will further strengthen our understanding of the development of kindness attributes through collaboration and will help educators to maximise the use of collaborative activities to develop kindness attributes in students.

16533/16543

Authors: Shankar Rangnath Bhamere & Suhas Sakharam Pathak

IN MARATHI

16556-16564

Authors: Mrs. Vandana Shinde

Learned haplessness the concept discovered by Martin E.P. Selingman, helplessness experimented on animals, The impact of learned helplessness has been demonstrated in different animal species, but its effects can also be seen in people. Learned helplessness has also been associated with several different psychological disorders. Depression, anxiety, phobias, shyness, and loneliness can all be exacerbated by learned helplessness. If you believe you are no good and everything you do is inferior or wrong, you are likely to feel a huge loss of control over your life.Learned helplessness is thought to contribute to feelings of anxiety and may influence the onset, severity, and persistence of conditions such as generalized anxiety disorder Learned helplessness is thought to contribute to feelings of anxiety and may influence the onset, severity, and persistence of conditions such as generalized anxiety disorder. Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) is a form of psychotherapy that can be beneficial in overcoming the thinking and behavioral patterns that contribute to learned helplessness.

16582/16588

Authors: Kancham Shankar

MGNREGA, the largest poverty alleviation programme initiated by the Government of India in the year 2005 had the sole objective to offer a legal guarantee of 100 days of employment to every rural household, whose adult members are willing to do unskilled labour at minimum wage rate. Programme also envisages the creation of sustainable community assets besides protecting environment, reducing migration & empowering rural women. The Government of India emphasizes the MGNREGS is the largest anti poverty programme in the world that has the potential to benefit the poor rural household in India. Mahatma Gandhi, the Father of the Nation, always cherished about India’s rural beauty, resilient power as much he was concerned about the poverty and living conditions. His pet phrase was India lives in Villages. Rural development as an integrated concept of growth and poverty elimination has been paramount concern in all the five year plans. Traditionally, Rural Development programmes comprise of following basic concepts like infrastructure facilities in the rural areas, namely schools, health centers, roads, adequate drinking water and electrification. This article discusses the awareness among households and the successful implementation of MGNREGS in the Nizamabad district of Telangana State.