The International Journal of Indian Psychology

4

Authors: Dr. G. Vasudevaiah

The idea of widening access to education, promoting independent and lifelong learning and adopting new methods to delivery of education is prominent in the goals of education in India. To facilitate human resource development in the country and widen access to education at all levels, the educational policy of the country has emphasized the promotion of use of ICT in its distance education programs. With the support of information and communication technology, thousands of people from remotest parts of countries have been able to access education through distance learning. The traditional method of education occurs in personal contact between the teacher and the learner in the classroom setting. This is anchored in the reality that teaching and learning take place at same time and same place. With the introduction of communication technology it has became clear that formal, informal or non-formal teaching and learning at the higher level could also be done via technology. This paper focuses on the concept of ICT and how it useful in open and distance learning and also discusses about various problems in usage of ICT in open and distance learning.

5

Authors: Prashaanthi. N, Karpagam Krishnamoorthy

A research on the type-A personality behaviour among the individuals of saveetha dental college. Aim: To analyse the type-A personality behaviour among the individuals of saveetha dental college. Objective: To assess the type-A personality behavioural among the individuals in saveetha dental college using Jenkins activity survey. Background: Type A and type B behaviours were first described by two cardiologists Friedman and Roseman who were studying heart disease. Briefly, type A is a behavioural and personality pattern characterised by the following 1) competitive achievement orientation, goal striving without a sense of accomplishment and joy. 2) time urgency, impatience, over scheduling, and 3) anger and hostility which may or may not expressed. In contrast, type B is non competitive, enjoys the process as much as the goal, is patient, and has little anger and hostility. Reason: The reason was to analyse the personalities of individuals and develop personality in positive manner.

5

Authors: Ms. Rajni, Dr. S. P. Singh

Emotional Intelligence (EI) is considered to be a very powerful tool to students to manage relationships of Emotional Intelligence & Self Esteem. Self esteem as an affective phenomenon which is considered as a feeling or emotions. This brings us to the conclusion that a child’s self esteem should, maintain a balance between the low and high self esteem. Adolescent means the period of life from puberty to the completion of physical growth. Adolescence period leads to social, emotional, vocational, physical, disorders or consequences. Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test- Youth Research Version (2002). Researcher had finding that there is correlation between EI & SE is central factor and that is based to the people social and emotional compatibility. Social self-esteem, family self- behavior, and moral self-behavior dimensions than male students, but higher on physical self-esteem.

5

Authors: N.P Singh, Suneeta Koul

Anxiety means the unpleasant emotions characterized by the term “worry”, “apprehension”, “dread” and “fear” that we all experience at times in varying degrees (1). Anxiety is the complex blend of unpleasant emotions and cognitions that is both more oriented to the future and much more diffuse than fear (2).Anxiety has not only cognitive components but also physiological and behavioural components. At the cognitive level anxiety involves negative mood worry about the possible future, threat or danger, self-preoccupation and future threat and to control it if it occurs. At the physiological level anxiety often creates a state of tension and chronic over arousal which may affect readiness for delaying with danger. At behavioural level anxiety may create a strong tendency to avoid situations where danger might encounter but there is not the immediate urge to flee with anxiety as there is with fear (3). An increased risk of muscular skeletal disorder was found in workers with pre-existing anxiety and depression compared to the without them (4).

5

Authors: Dr Abhishek Chowdhery, Dr Jaydeep Nandi

Aim: The purpose of this study was to find out the effectiveness of stress management programme among Physical education teachers. Objectives: To identify the level of stress and to test the effect of stress management among Physical education teachers. Methods: One hundred and twenty one participants were involved in the study to prove the effectiveness of stress management techniques among the Physical education teachers by using stress questionnaire. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of stress management program among Teachers. Before starting the techniques were introduced and the stress questionnaire was used for pre-test. The program starts from coping skill to verbalization the same stress questionnaire is given for the post test purpose. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the pre and post test of stress questionnaire (75.386 if p= 0.000). The stress level was said to be reduced after the application of stress management techniques. Conclusion: Study concluded that various relaxation techniques should be established for reducing the level of stress on the Physical education Teachers.

6

Authors: Dr. Gautami S., Dr. T. Anupama

In the current lifestyle of utmost complexities, the stress level is raising at a phenomenal rate. The factors that contribute to stress not only differ between cultures, but also within the culture itself, from a sophisticated to a normal class family, the ultimate necessity is the job, may it be a business or a salaried job. This research work is an analytical, empirical study based on survey of IT professionals in India. The sample was drawn from the various IT hubs in India to make it more representative of the IT professional’s population. Through the pre-tested questionnaire used in the survey, data were generated on the respondents’ demographics, their perceived organizational stressors like Inter Role Distance, Role Stagnation, Role Expectation Conflict, Role Erosion, Role Overload, Role Isolation , Personal Inadequacy, Self-Role Distance, Role Ambiguity , Role Inadequacy. The findings of this study would contribute significantly in better understanding of the stress in IT sector by the academicians and the practitioners. Finally, this study enriches the literature on stress management with respect to the sunshine industry of India. Key words: Demographics, organizational stressors, Inter Role Distance, Role Stagnation, Role Expectation Conflict, Role Erosion, Role Overload, Role Isolation, Personal Inadequacy, Self-Role Distance, Role Ambiguity, Role Inadequacy.

6

Authors: Sudendra Singh, Dr. Prashant Mishra

Spirituality in an organization helps people to do creative work, insightful, the development of rules and overcoming the fear of failures. Results of current studies suggest that spirituality in the organization can play an important role in effectively managing people in the organization. Organizational Spirituality also implies the opportunity to grow and contribute to something substantial. .Spiritual Quotient is a process of insight and personal experience, not a set of beliefs. Spiritual Intelligence is also called "wisdom" or the application of knowledge. There is a purpose for everything and everyone. There is a higher power that affects everything. Spirituality is the feeling that no matter how bad things happen; they will always work out somehow.

6

Authors: Manpreet Ola

Background: Gradually over the years trend towards education system in our country has changed, it has become highly competitive. On the basis of one’s grades admissions to various “top colleges” is provided, which further leads to “high packaged placements”. On the basis of one’s job status and college ranking their self worth is measured and all this puts lot of burden on students who have to continuously strive to achieve better than their batch mates, their siblings, relatives, neighbors etc. Aim: The aim of the study was to see whether spirituality would have any impact on depression, anxiety and stress in male and female students preparing for competitive exams. Methods: Participants were 60 students (30 males and 30 females) from areas of Rajasthan and Delhi, India, in the age range of 16-25 years, with no history of any psychiatric illness. They gave their consent to participate in the study. Spirituality was assessed using the daily spiritual experience scale by Underwood & Teresi, (2002), depression, anxiety, and stress levels through Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales (DASS by Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995). Sample was purposive and the data were collected in individual situations. Results: There was difference between male and female students with regard to spirituality, depression, anxiety and stress, however only on the dimension of anxiety the results were significant, where female students had significantly more anxiety than that of male students (t = 2.87, p = .01). With regard to correlation between spirituality, depression, anxiety and stress there was significant inverse correlation for male and female students. However only for anxiety scores in females, there was a significant inverse correlation (r=-.417, p= .01). Conclusion: It can be concluded that spirituality to some extent helps in reducing anxiety. At the same time it is essential for us to realize that spirituality is not the only way to help the young stressed students to cope with this life challenge, the family simultaneously needs to be supportive and not over pressurize the students and should stop comparing them to one or the other. However due to the small sample size the result findings cannot be generalized.

6

Authors: Dr Jayendrakumar N. Amin

This paper deals with key roles required for a teacher in new digital era. Teachers' role in the 21st century has become more complex in the present changing world here knowledge is almost unlimited. Teachers are expected to become technologically oriented and responsible not only for their teaching but also for their students' learning. Today teachers are required to be facilitators helping learners to make judgements about the quality and validity of new sources and knowledge, be open-minded and critical independent professionals, be active co-operators, collaborators, and mediators between learners and what they need to know, and providers to scaffold understanding. In this digital era, teachers’ role has shifted from mere preacher to the manager of students social and emotions behaviours; mentor for their learning and over-all development as a balanced citizen; motivator for slow learner and a fast learner in digital environment. He has to keep watch on the time spent by learners for their proper time management which make certain that the learner utilize optimum e-resources. He has to address social and emotional issues that affect learners’ learning, and be ready to make changes when their learning stalls.

6

Authors: Ganesan, Rajesh, Kulkarni, Mukund

Today we live in the age of globalization, as the world came at calling distance the need for the common communication system has aroused which is understood and well accepted by the global community. As nation we also have understood and accepted the importance of common communication system to have firm footing in the global scenario. With some exception English language has acquired the status of global language, which is spoken, written, understood and used by many world countries including India. In India English has become pre-requisite and facilitating factor in communication, education, vocation and business careers. But still in India we speak and use diverse languages, that’s why Indian scenario is quite different from that of world. On the basis of English language Indian population can be divided in to two main groups. First group includes people who are very good at all aspects of English language like reading, writing, speaking and understanding it. They are mostly urban, middle or high class people, having easy access to good education and they use it to their advantage. Remaining population is mostly rural, lower income group and depends on public schools for their education. Mostly these people know only their native language and communicate in it only. Being second language and started at later age, English learning creates anxiety in students of this population, associated with productive skills like speaking and writing or receptive skills like reading and listening. English anxiety is a feeling of uneasiness, worry, nervousness, apprehension, or fear while learning or using English. Children in this population study English as second language at High School level in almost all schools; except English all other subjects are taught to them in their native language. The effects of this anxiety are more evident in the classroom and strongly indicate the Academic performance of the student. Anxiety is found to have a detrimental effect on student's confidence, Self-esteem and level of participation. Anxious students employ avoidance strategies like falling sick frequently, not paying attention in classroom and skipping classes. They do well in other subjects but not in English, which lowers their self esteem; as result they develop negative attitude toward English language, and show less interest in this subject. Anxious students also forget previously learned material, volunteer answers less frequently and have a greater tendency to remain passive in classroom activities. When these students finish their high school and joins junior colleges at cities they are taught science subjects in English only. This sudden change does not go well with them and creates definite anxiety, which hampers their learning process. Just because they are not good at English they start lagging behind and feel inability to compete with other students which are good at English. The frustration of not being able to understand the subject matter well further creates anxiety in them; most of the students could not overcome this anxiety and fail to achieve their desired goals. Unfortunately educational institutes are unaware about this important cause behind students’ turmoil and subsequent non performance; which is wrongly attributed to the aptitude of the student. That is why this issue has not been given due attention and consideration at school and college level. Therefore there is acute need to introduce innovative psychological strategies to alleviate anxiety towards English. Through the application of Behaviour Modification Techniques at high school level English language anxiety can be reduced to the minimum considerable level and students interest in the subject can be increased many fold. This will boost their confidence and self esteem and encourage their participation in the class. The feeling of ‘we can also’ and newly found interest in the subject will help in improving their language. This will definitely reflect in their academic performance and will further boost and increase their confidence and interest. Improvement in English language will help them in understanding other subjects which are taught in English in better way. Therefore this study is undertaken to reduce English Language anxiety through Behaviour Modification Techniques. This is a pilot study of 30 students who are studying in standard VIII at Nutan Kundakeshwar Vidyamandir. When their last unit test scores referred, it was understood that all these students are academically above average and do well in all subjects except English. When they assessed on the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety scale by Horwitz, E. K., Horwitz, M. B., & Cope (1986) (translated in Marathi for present study) they showed high level of English language anxiety. All these students were taught about the interventions to be used and they practiced these interventions for a month. Result shows the significant drop in mean anxiety of group from pre-intervention score 120.57 to post-intervention score 101.07 and significant increase in their Post scholastic mean score 20.87 from 17.97 pre-scholastic mean score. These results are very significant and encouraging.

6

Authors: Manoj Kumar

“Clouds come floating into my life, no longer to carry rain or usher storm, but to add colour to my sunset sky.” ― Rabindranath Tagore These words of Rabindranath Tagore of maturity is the golden words of adolescent period which is the period of stress and strain, is a transitional phase of physical and psychological human development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to adulthood. Children during this phase undergo various changes physically, emotionally, spiritually but the most important factor is mental health of the adolescents. Mental health is affected by all the factors. Rightly said is healthy mind resides in healthy body, so being physically fit children can mentally grows in a positive way. It is the well being of emotional and social development by making healthy relationships with family and friends, being happy and positive about life, community participation and belonging, self- growth and resilience, achieving great heights by balancing challenges and stress in life. This paper discusses the mental health and mental illness of adolescents, factors affecting the mental health and providing strategies to children to overcome their mental disorders.

6

Authors: Dr. Ramesh D. Waghmare

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of gender and location of the college students on psychological well being. The sample for the study comprised of 100 college students from jalna city. In each 50 male students (25 urban and 25 rural male students) and 50 female students (25 Urban and 25 rural female college students). The scale was used for data collection psychological well being scale by Bholge and prakash (1995). Where gender and location were considered as independent variables and psychological well being as dependent variables. 2x2 factorial design was used and data were analysis by Mean, SD and ‘t’ values. Results revered no significant difference between male and female, Urban and Rural college students on psychological well being.

6

Authors: Rishi Panday, Nazish Fatima

Background: A child born into family is usually received with joy and considered a blessing but when the child is handicapped and blessing is clearly mixed. Acceptance of child with mental handicap becomes difficult to parents and the whole family particularly when competence and achievement are very much valued in modern world. A parent shows a series of reactions after knowing that their child is disabled. These include shock, denial, guilt, sorrow, rejection and acceptance. Questions like ‘why me?’ ‘How can it be?’ keep arising without answers. This study was based on quality of life among parents of children with mentally challenged and it was gender based study. Aim: To study the gender differences in term of Quality of Life among parents of mentally challenged children. Methods and Material: It was cross sectional study conducted at RINPAS, Samples were recruited through purposive sampling technique. Semi-structured interview schedule was developing to assess the demographics profile and Quality of life scales were administered on parents of children with mentally challenged. Results: Finding of this study showed that parents of male children have good Quality of Life in comparison to the parents of female children.

6

Authors: Harini. K, Dr. Karpagam krishnamoorthy

Aim: To measure the family environment levels among students in Saveetha dental college. Objective: Measuring the family environment scale by a questionnaire. Background: The family is the oldest and the most important of all the social institutions. The family environment is influenced by a number of factors like constellation, number of children in the family, marital relationship between husband and wife, maternal environment, socio-economic status and religious background of the family. Reason: I am interested to know about the family environment of students. This study also helps us to emphasise the values about family environment.

7

Authors: Dr Tanu Tandon

“Empowerment” has been used to represent a wide range of concepts and to describe a proliferation of outcomes. The term has been used more often to advocate for certain types of policies and intervention strategies than to analyze them, as demonstrated by a number of documents from the United Nations (UNDAW 2001; UNICEF 1999), the Association for Women in Development (Everett 1991), the Declaration made at the Micro-credit Summit (RESULTS 1997), DFID (2000), and other organizations. Empowerment has become a widely used word.

7

Authors: Sama Afsana A

The main purpose of this research was to find out the mean difference between teachers and lecturers in mental health and psychological well-being. The total sample consisted of 120 teachers and lecturers. The research tools for mental health scale was measured by Dr. A. K. Shreevastav and Dr. Jagdish and the psychological well-being scale was measured by Bhogle and Prakash (1995).The ‘t’ test is applied to check the significance of mental health and psychological well-being in teachers and lecturers to check the method which was used for test. The result shows, there is no significant difference between teachers and lecturers in mental health and psychological well-being .So, the hypothesis is accepted.

7

Authors: B Deevena Pauleen

Family income has positive, wide-reaching effects on child well-being. A mother’s unique orientations, strengths, and styles of interaction may appear to be more important in the socio-emotional lives of their children, yet many studies over the past two decades consistently demonstrated that father’s have a measurable impact on children. The current study aims at exploring the social emotional learning of girls and its relation to their father’s occupation at early childhood. The study consists of 30 girls from each age group of 4yrs, 5yrs and 6yrs. The sample was drawn from both Government and Private Schools (Play schools and Anganwadis) in Hyderabad. Early learning Observation Rating Scale by Gills, M., West, T., & Coleman, R., M , (2010) was administered. Data was analyzed using Descriptive statistics, Chi Square test for Independence and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results revealed that there is no significant relation between the social emotional learning of girl’s and their father’s occupation. A weak positive correlation exists between the social emotional learning of girl’s and their father’s occupation at early childhood.

7

Authors: Satabdee Das

The present study investigated the relationship between explicit and implicit measures of affiliation, power, and achievement motives and behavior as related to social networking sites (SNS) in a sample of 40 participants. SNS appear to be designed to enable social connection via the Internet, so the potential for influence of the affiliation motive seemed self- evident. Additionally, we hypothesized that the power motive drives certain aspects of SNS behavior such that individuals with a high power motive have a larger number of friends and upload more pictures. The results of regression analyses showed that the explicit affiliation motive and the explicit power motive were related to different outcome of SNS activity. Specifically, the explicit power motive predicted number of friends and number of uploaded pictures, whereas time spent on SNS per day was predicted by the explicit affiliation motive. Only weak evidence was found for an influence of implicit motives on SNS activity.

7

Authors: Ankita Singh, Shabana Bano

Social axioms play a crucial role in the individual’s belief and value systems. The major functions of axioms are to enhance the survival and functioning of people in their social environment. Leung and Bond (2004) proposed five dimensions of social axioms as social cynicism, social complexity, reward for application, fate control and religiosity. The present study is designed to examine the social axioms of younger and older people. The study was conducted with 86 participants (N=51 young and N=35 old) age ranged 20-30 and 50-60 years. They were sampled from various areas of Varanasi City. The social axioms survey (Leung, Bond, Carrasquel, Munoz, Hernandez, Murikami, Yamagushi, Biebrauer&Singelis, 2002) was administered to examine the participants. Result showed that older participants significantly higher on social cynicism, reward for application and religiosity than younger participants. With respect to social complexity and fate control, no significant difference was found. The findings suggest that social axioms are important to understand an individual’s behaviour in a given society.

7

Authors: Dr. Jignasa Joshi

Education has expanded rapidly in the present times. New institutions are developed because of the Globalization of education every day. The education field hasn’t improved as much qualitatively as it has expanded quantitatively. The number of educated unemployed is rising day by day. The person is not getting any skill for life preservation after studying in an educational institution for long time. The current system of education is not complementing the individual differences. No two creatures on this earth are alike. This should be kept in mind while making policy in education. Is there any significant difference of Gender on Multiple Intelligence? To find answer of this question present study was conducted by keeping in mind different intelligence predispositions given in the theory of Multiple Intelligences.

7

Authors: Dr. G. Venugopal, Karanam Mahaboobvali

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disorder that appears in early childhood. ADHD makes it difficult for people to inhibit their spontaneous responses that can involve the lot from movement to speech to attentiveness. The present study focus on the parental practices of high school students with ADHD behaviours- A study. Objectives of the study are To develop a tool to study the parental practices of high school students with ADHD behaviours. To find out the background factors of parents of students with ADHD behaviours. To find out the significant differences, if any, in the parents parental practices of students with ADHD behaviours due to variation in their child’s (i) Gender (.ii) Age group (iii) Community (iv) Location of Residence.

7

Authors: Sarath, P., Manikandan, K.

Banking sector is one of the most powerful financial management agencies which have a major role in the economic growth of India. Each bank has its own culture, as every organization different in their culture. Organizational Culture includes everything that influences an employee in an organization. This may reflect in their stress levels, which may in turn reflect in the individual productivity as well as the organizational. In the literature, there were different studies of organizational culture and work stress among bank employees, but very few studies which tried to explore the relation between organizational culture and work stress in India especially in the state of Kerala. This study was intended to find the nature of organizational culture and work stress of banks employees of northern Kerala.

7

Authors: Deepak Sharma, Prof. D D Aggarwal, Anju Joshi Sharma

This study investigated the children’s Internet use behaviour and how the Internet usage changes children’s daily lives. 50 children in 9th to12th Class participated in survey. Particularly, this study examined how children allocated their time to different media and daily activities and the relationship between children’s Internet use and level of physical activities, social involvement and relationship, and loneliness. This study found no displacement effect of the Internet on children’s daily activities. Rather, it was found that children who spend more time on the Internet were more likely to spend more time with other media, more time on some kind of physical activities, and were more socially involved. The Internet provided a place for communication and social relationships for children. Net-generation children surrounded by media were not necessarily giving up other activities that were also important for their intellectual, physical, social and psychological development.

7

Authors: Maryam Afsar

Purpose: This study has been done with the aim of seeking norms and investigating reliability and validity of job-satisfaction inventory and in line with preparation of appropriate tools to evaluate job satisfaction. Method: in form of a periodical study 2760 people were selected from the staffs of five variety profession of managers, bosses, employee, salesclerks and workers by categorical sampling and they filled the job-satisfaction inventory which contained sixty statements. Also to investigate the validity of the structure factorial discovery and confirmatory analysis and to investigate reliability Cronbach's alpha and to analyze the data SPSS 19 and AMOS 18 were used. Findings: the results of data analysis represented 24 options from the 60 early raw options had the respective attribute and value and incorporated in final version. Moreover with cyclical varimax, and additive variance of 48.12 % and Kaser-Meyer-Olkin index of 67%, three factors of individuality, organizational and work nature were discovered. Furthermore the results of data analysis showed that the higher amount of variance of jobsatisfaction were devoted respectively ,regarding distinction of lines, to organization(3.47), south dairy(3.41),west dairy(3.39), fleshy(3.38), drinking(3.38), Tehran dairy(3.35), north dairy(3.35), ice cream(3.35) and trade(3.32). Conclusion: with respect to measured indices of reliability and validity, the psychological features of job-satisfaction questionnaire were all reported appropriate and can be used as a reliable and valid tool to measure staffs' job satisfaction.

7

Authors: Dr. Kanchan Jamir

The main objective of the Present study is to find out the comparative results of socio-genic needs as predictors of risk taking tendency among the adolescents of Kumaun region. A total sample of 300 students (150 boys and 150 girls) of Almora district from Kumaun region was taken. Tools use was SOCIO –GENIC NEED SATISFACTION SCALE (S.N.S) this tool is designed by Chauhan and Dhar (1986) and Risk -Taking Questionnaire (RTQ) prepared by Sinha and Arora (1983).

7

Authors: Sreeja Gangadharan P, S P K Jena

Mind is a subject widely studied under various discipline, yet, failed to come up with a definition which we could comprehend. These studies had unravelled a number of questions regarding the nature of the mind and leads to serious debates on its composition, i.e., whether it consists only of higher intellectual functions such as memory and reasoning, its activities i.e.; what is the relationship of mind and body, is dualism or monism?, is it accessible to study or only an endeavour of first person and finally, who possess a mind?; do all beings have a mind or only human beings could possess it?, and so on. With two simple models, ‘the Epistemological dualism’ and the model of ‘Mind-Spirit; dichotomy Vs coexistence’ based on the concepts in Indian Psychology, the paper throws more light in to the subject mind and its faculty.

7

Authors: Dr. Deepak Pandey

The present study explored the difference between some psychological causes of residential and day scholar school dropout. A total number of 200 boy’s school dropout students in government schools of Chhattisgarh state were selected randomly, which comprised of 100 residential and 100 day scholar elementary school students. Dropout was measured of self developed questionnaire. Dimension wise Guttman split half reliability, item wise factor loading, inter factors correlation shows good psychometric properties about the questionnaire. Result of F- ratio showed that residential & day scholar school dropout student differs with respect to the school environment, child-parent relationship, child-teacher relationship, interest of education significant positively.

7

Authors: Bahareh Ghalyanee

Introduction: Self-esteem is highly important in terms of mental health and personality balance. Psychological hardiness is a general orientation toward self and the surrounding world. Purpose: This study has been done with the aim of investigating the relationship of self-esteem and psychological Hardiness in Adolescents. Method: This study with causal-comparative framework was done in domain of descriptive studies. Therefore eighty (N=70) persons from residents of region 2 and region 5 of Tehran city (ages of 18-35 with average age of 22.7) were selected by multiphasic cluster sampling. The method of data collection was through survey and to this aim two questionnaires of Psychological Hardiness (response rate=0.90) and self-esteem scale (response rate=0.91) were used. The data were analyzed by Pearson parametric correlation test and F-test. Moreover the qualitative data resulting from demographic evaluations were codified and analyzed by analysis instrument of qualitative data i.e. Atlas.ti-5.2. Findings: the findings resulted from data analysis represented that there is significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and marital satisfaction (P<0.05). Conclusion: the findings of this research can be relevant to mainstream research and is hoped to help find new windows of discovery and development.

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Authors: Vandana Goswami, Dr. Divya Rani Singh

The Internet is a new tool that is evolving into an essential part of everyday life all over the world and is use increases especially young people. As the Internet increasingly becomes part of our daily lives, Internet addiction disorder has received much attention. There are several reviews addressing the definition, classification, impact of Internet on India, Internet addiction Test, Gender differences in Internet addiction, academic performance and Internet addiction and some reviews addressing the treatment of Internet addiction disorder. The main aim of this paper is to give a preferably brief overview of research on IAD.

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Authors: Dr. S. Srividya, Dr. A. Velayudhan

The term health has been long defined from the epidemiological perspective “as the state of being free from illness or injury”. However, the concept of health has undergone a transition from absence of illness to better and healthy life for oneself and for future generations. This requires promotion and protection of not only our body system but also natural environment that surrounds us. The interlink between Health and Environment has begun to be recognized with the beginning of understanding on sustainability and sustainable development. Hence, there is a present need to look at health from epidemiological perspective to ecological perspective which would make the entire human kind sustainable. The present paper discusses the indiscernible cycle of sustainable environment- development- health from multiple levels- individual, family, and community as a whole. While sustainable healthy behavior at the individual level should be understood from the interactions of beliefs and behavior and action, families and communities should encourage health-promoting environments for sustainable communities and neighborhoods. The paper discusses various challenges of sustainable environments towards health at the various levels.

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Authors: Mohammad Hosein Saket

Background: Textbook, which is considered as one of the most important sources of students' learning in educational systems has also an important role in the educational system of Iran. Purpose: the present study was conducted for the content analysis of the civics textbook in Iran and providing a theoretical framework for the appropriate criteria of determining content according to the teachers and authors (based on gender). Methodology: the present study was conducted in the form of causal-comparative study and compilation of questionnaires and content analysis. The analysis was done based on the items of the questionnaire. For this purpose, two groups consisted of 107 male and female teachers who were teaching in the public, non-profit and Shahid schools in Tehran were selected using cluster sampling method. In addition, the six authors of the books mentioned working in the research and educational planning department of the Ministry of Education were selected based on target sampling. Due to the nature of the survey, the researcher-developed questionnaire including 32 items was completed by the participants. The present study was conducted using the statistical method of descriptive analysis by which the data was collected, classified and organized and underwent content analysis using the checklist. Result: the results of the present study offered a theoretical pattern of three sections based on society, individual and subject. Findings: theoretical integrity can be considered important in formulating and preparing the texts element which improves the education vision in the long run.

8

Authors: Mohammad Hosein Saket

Introduction: One of the important discussions in the family is the quality of the relationship between the parents. Objective: The presented study was conducted with aim to determine the relation between marital Satisfactions of mother with Self-esteem in children. Method: The present study, with a causal-comparative framework and in descriptive domain of studies. The target formed the population included all female students living in Tehran. To this aim, 85 (N=85) Students were selected by Purposive sampling method. Data collection was used on survey methods to assess index of marital satisfaction and self-esteem questionnaire. Data collected were used with the help of Pearson correlation test and regression analysis. Results: Data analysis showed that amount of marital satisfaction with self- esteem of children is significant. In this regard, marital satisfaction of mothers was determined by Self-esteem (r=0.24, p<0.05). Conclusion: As the findings offer preventive implications that could be important in the area of applications.

8

Authors: Akansha Gautam

Objectives: Recent evidence suggests that suicidal ideation is increasing among college going students, it is essential to upsurge our knowledge concerning the etiology of suicidal ideation among students. This study was conducted to examine the relationships between problem-solving skills appraisal, perceived burdensomeness, and suicidal ideation among University students. In addition, this study was conducted to examine problem-solving skills appraisal (including the three components: problem-solving confidence, approach-avoidance style, and personal control of emotion) and perceived burdensomeness as predictors of suicidal ideation. Methods: The participants consisted of 350 students from NCR located Universities. Results: Regression analysis estimated that undergraduate students with avoiding style, poor problem-solving confidence, limited personal control of emotion and perceived burdensomeness were associated with higher suicidal ideation. Problem-solving skills appraisal (including the three components of problem-solving confidence, approach-avoidance style, and personal control of emotion) and perceived burdensomeness predicted the suicidal ideation. Conclusion These findings underline the importance of studying contributing processes that explain how problem solving and perceived burdensomeness affects suicidal ideation.

8

Authors: Priyamvada Srivastava, Aniksha Varoda, Reeta Venugopal

Background: The menstrual cycle is a very important indicator of women’s reproductive health and of their endocrine function. Menstruation, and the menstrual cycle are characterized by variability in volume, pattern and regularity. The purpose of this study was to determine the age of menarche, source of information regarding menstrual cycle, patterns, and problems faced by the adolescent rural and urban school girls, of Chhattisgarh, during menstruation. Method: The present study was cross-sectional descriptive study carried out on 750 school going adolescent girls from rural and urban areas of Chhattisgarh. For collection of data Self-structured questionnaire based on issues related to menstruation cycle was used. Results: Average age of menarche for overall sample taken, of adolescent girls of Chhattisgarh is 14.33 years. Mean age of menarche for urban and rural adolescent girls. 14.45 years and 13.89 years respectively. The adolescent girls received information about menstrual cycle from various sources viz mother (34.6%), friends (19.4%) and sisters (16.8%). It was noticed that most of the adolescent girls (61.25%) experienced menstrual problems (59% urban girls and 64.5% rural girls reported menstrual problems). 45.6% of urban girls and 35.4% rural girls experienced abdominal pain as one of the major problem during menstrual cycle. 16% & 20.3% urban and rural girls reported to suffer from headache during menstrual cycle respectively. During menstrual cycle, fatigue was observed in 17.8% urban girls and 22.4% rural girls. 20.6% and 21.6% urban and rural girls reported food craving respectively. Higher percentage of rural girls experienced psychological symptoms like depression, anxiety, fatigue, food cravings and headaches, as compared to urban girls. Conclusion : Higher percentage of rural adolescent girls of Chhattisgarh experience problem during menstruation cycle as compared to the urban girls, the percentage of rural girls reporting psychological symptoms during cycle, is higher as compared to urban girls. Intervention program for awareness regarding Menstrual cycle and associated issues for adolescent girls and their parents should be planned so that the problems of the girls can be minimized.

8

Authors: Mr. Sulfikar C

In the age of rapid globalization, industrialization, economic liberalization, expansion of information technology and rise in consumerism, the children and especially adolescents are exposed to lot of psycho social issues. Adolescents aged 10–19 years constitute about one-fourth of India’s population and young people aged 10–24 years about one-third of the population. This large cohort of young people represents a great demographic dividend with the potential to contribute to India’s economic growth and development. Violence and hostility are the hall marks of day today living and women and children are the worst affected section of the society. Changes in social, moral, cultural and religious values have made life stressful for children especially for adolescents. This can be observed in the rise of crime and suicide rates etc. Stress faced by children and adolescents are enormous and life skills are essentially those abilities that help to promote mental well-being and competence in young people for to challenge the diversities and ensure their empowerment. In order to realize this potential to the fullest, young people must be healthy, educated and equipped with information skills and confidence that would enable them to contribute to their communities and the country’s socio-economic growth. In the present paper the investigator goes through the importance of life skills, various life skills and adolescent’s empowerment through the life skills based education.

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Authors: Nandeesh Y. D, Deepa Kulkarni, Shanmukh V. Kamble

The aim of the present study was to focus on the relationship of Spirituality with Depression, Anxiety and Stress of Yoga practitioners. The sample of 40 male and 40 female yoga practitioners from Hubli-Dharwad constituted the sample for study. The DASS and FACIT Spirituality scales were administered. The results revealed a Significant relationship existing between Spirituality and Depression (r=-.54; P<.01), Spirituality and Anxiety ( r=-.28; P<.01) Spirituality and Stress ( r=-57;P<.01). Further Regression analysis revealed the significant contribution of factors like reading journal monthly, marital status and income to Anxiety, journal reading, Marital status, visiting websites of Yoga and income significantly contributed to Depression and finally reading journal, income contributed to Stress of Male and Female Yoga practitioner. The social implications of findings are discussed.

9

Authors: Sneha Gulati, Shifali Nehria, Dharmesh Meena, Mohd Mustafa

Humans, as social beings, have an inherent need for affiliation. This need to form social relationships and maintain them varies in degree from individual to individual. Need for affiliation is a need for open and sociable interpersonal relationships. A common definition of gratitude is “the quality of being thankful; readiness to show appreciation for and to return kindness;”.Researchers have conceptualized gratitude as an emotion that is always directed towards appreciating the helpful actions of other people (c.f. McCullough, Kilpatrick, Emmons, & Larson, 2001). The aim of the present investigation was to compare among young adults who are in a relationship with those who aren’t on their need for affiliation and feeling of general gratitude. It was hypothesized that need for affiliation and gratitude will be more in people who are in a relationship from those who aren’t and there will also be gender differences in gratitude and need for affiliation. A sample of 210 participants of the age group 18-24 were selected from which 105 were in a relationship and 105 have never been in a relationship. Need for affiliation was assessed using Liking People Scale developed by E.E. Filsinger (1981) and gratitude using the Gratitude Questionnaire-6 by Michael E. McCullough (2002). Results shall be discussed in light of role of chosen variables and were interpreted in terms of their significance.

9

Authors: B. Poornima, Harini Jayaraman, Dr. Arun Kumar. A

Second-language acquisition, second-language learning, or L2 acquisition, is the process by which people learn a second language. The field of second-language acquisition is a sub discipline of applied linguistics, but also receives research attention from a variety of other disciplines, such as psychology and education. We aimed to understand the various factors influencing the second language learning among urban foreign language learners. Between February 2015 and September 2015, we conducted 10 in-depth interviews with a purposive sample of students learning European languages and five key informant interviews with European language teachers in Chennai. Audio recorded interviews were analysed thematically using NVivo 10. The mean age of the participants is 24.7 years. Most of the participants reported professional reasons to learn the language, uninteresting classrooms as a major reason for attrition and previous language learning experience affects their current learning. The need to integrate life and language skills in classes and activities to promote creativity was emphasized by most of them. About half of them said that there is a need to customize courses and use technology like smart boards for making classes more interactive. This paper discusses the findings of the study and its implications in second-language acquisition.

9

Authors: Sukrita Mukherjee, Dr. Ishita Chatterjee

Learning style is the manner in which a learner perceives, interacts with, and responds to the learning environment. Components of learning style are the cognitive, affective and physiological elements, all of which may be strongly influenced by a person's cultural background. The present study aims to understand the learning style adapted by higher secondary students. The study sample consists of 90 higher secondary school students (30 each from science, humanities and commerce background). The male female ratio was 50:50. The age range was from 16-18 years. They were all from middle socio-economic status. They were administered learning style questionnaire given by Honey and Mumford (1986). In the present study, the result indicated that in the category of Stream the F score is significant in case of Pragmatist and Reflector. In the category of Gender the F score is significant in the dimension of Pragmatist. In the category of Gender*Stream the interaction between gender and stream were not found to be significant in any of the variable, viz., Theorist, Pragmatist, Activist, and Reflector. In case of Gender, the Mean scores of male in the category of Pragmatist are highest for the Humanities group followed by Commerce group and finally by Science group. Again the mean scores of female in the category of Pragmatist are highest for the Science group followed by Humanities group and finally by Commerce group. The present study is helpful in the field of designing educational guidance and curriculum for the Higher Secondary Students.

9

Authors: Rupali Chandola

Background: The terms neurotic and psychotic are both used to describe conditions or illnesses that affect mental health. Serious mental illness is associated with increased risk of behavior problems. Therefore, study carried out to investigate the personality traits of psychotics and neurotics. Methods: Study examined personality dimension of 88 subjects select between two age group 20-25 and 40-45 purposively. The study was conducted on 44 indoor psychotics (20 male & 24 female) and 44 outdoor neurotics (18 male & 26 female). Study was conducted in Bareilly mental hospital, Bareilly India. Dimension Personality Inventory (DPI) was administered on all the included subjects. Result: Neurotics are more enthusiastic in comparison to psychotic participants on the dimension of personality inventory. Conclusion: psychotic female found to be more emotionally instable in comparison to neurotic female.

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Authors: Rajesh Kumar Mourya, R. N. Singh, Ashok Rai

This study examined the role of severity of children’s intellectual disability and perceived stigma in restriction in social life among the parents of such children .The correlational research design was used for this purpose. The sample for the study consisted of fifty one mothers having intellectually disabled children of varying degree, aged between 3 and 15 years. The participants were sampled from some rehabilitation centers and special schools at Varanasi. They were administered Personal Care Assessment Form, Perceived Stigma Scale and Restriction of Social Life Scale. Correlation analysis was applied to see the relationship which revealed that the child’s activities limitation is significantly positively associated with stigma and restriction in social life. Stigma was also significantly positively associated with restricted social life. This paper highlights the growing need for interventions that include both behavioral and psychosocial components to better address needs in families of children with intellectual disability. It is concluded that there exists a need for future research on culturally sensitive parent training as well as on potentially efficient group-based parent education programs for families of children with moderate to profound intellectual disability.

10

Authors: Prabhakararao Sampthirao

One of the most deceptive aspects of the ego is that it generates powerful emotional reactions, the trail of emotional reactions that ego leaves behind are anger at a loved one, a need to be right, a feeling of insecurity in certain situations, feelings of unexplained jealousy, the need to impress someone, and so on. Conflictual behavior at workplace not only impacts those who are involved in the conflict but also others in the work place. Self-esteem and ego are the two important aspects that effect our personal relationships, By just become aware of ego, it will dissipate soon and once you bring it into the light of consciousness, it will be unable to ‘survive “People with low self-esteem are more socially anxious and shy which can make it difficult to form close relationships with others. The interplay between self-esteem and ego was analyzed and their effect on our day-to- day interactions and relationships was studied in this article.

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Authors: Shraddhesh Kumar Tiwari, Ashok Kumar Patel, Dhananjay Kumar

The evaluation of oneself is known as self esteem (James 1890). A healthy self esteem is necessary for mental well being and positive self concept. Low self esteem is cause to prejudice and assumed that people lack with self esteem would be most prejudiced against others (Stephan and Rrosenfeild 1978). The present study is aimed to assess the self esteem (explicit and implicit) among students of different social categories. Total 300 participants (100 general, 100 OBC and 100 SC / SC) selected from UG/PG enrolled students of DDU Gorakhpur University and affiliated colleges. Findings of the study reveal that explicit self esteem was high in general category members and implicit self esteem was found higher in other backward category but marginal difference from general category and SC/ST category.

10

Authors: Nooshin Asadi

Introduction: Birth and presence of children with vision problems in every household could be considered a challenging event which will follow with stress, frustration and hopelessness. Objective: This study aimed to determine the relation between parenting stress with student's self-efficacy who has visual impairment. Method: This study was conducted as a causal-comparative design in the form of a multi-site in the descriptive study field. The target formed the population included all male students with visual impairment living in Tehran and Karaj. For this purpose sixty (N =60) students (age range 22-12 with average age: 18.2) were selected by available sampling method. Data collection was based on survey methods to assess parenting stress in the index of Schiffer work questionnaires (response rate = 91%) was used. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and F-test. As well as qualitative data were analyzed obtained from the assessment coding demographic and qualitative data analysis tool Atlas.ti-5.2. Results: Data analysis showed that between parenting stress of mothers There is a significant relationship with three levels of academic self-efficacy (r=-0.35), social (r=-0.27) and emotional (r=-0.28) .Conclusion: in line of management background, the results of this study indicate that there is a linear relationship between stress of parenting and efficacy in children, these findings could be promising outlook for future interventions.

10

Authors: Himanshu Tripathi

Teaching is not a mechanical process. It is an intricate, exacting and a very challenging one. The demand of new technology and uninterrupted global environment could not be met with the only source of classroom instruction. Blended learning is a formal education program in which a student learns at least in part through delivery of educational content with the best features of classroom instruction via digital and online media to personalize learning and to facilitate some element of student control over time, place, path, or pace. Educational methods have become advanced and changed dramatically in the last decade. The revolution in communication technologies, especially after the invention of the internet, has introduced new methods of teaching and new ways of managing education. Various Learning Management Systems, such as WebCT, Black Board and Learning Spaces are now available for these purposes. Both open source and commercial versions of these Learning Management Systems offer combined services such as creating learning material online and its distribution, facilitating communications between various users etc. The availability of Learning Management Systems has enabled stakeholders in creating a platform that aids in web-based teaching in a convenient and flexible manner. The present paper is an experimental study where participants are 80 students from 4 different schools of Trivandrum district of Kerala. 80 students were distributed into two groups, one experimental group consisting of 40 students and another group having the same number of students to be treated as the control group. Pre and post achievement test was conducted in both the groups to know the effectiveness of teaching Macroeconomics at Higher Secondary level using LMS: Edmodo. After analysis researcher found that teaching Economics using LMS: Edmodo is effective as academic achievement of the experimental group in the study is more than the control group.

10

Authors: Papia Saraf, Prof. C.G. Venkatesha Murthy

The dynamics of education system, especially at higher levels are undergoing change. Both the teacher and students face new challenges. As urban India becomes more westernized and individualistic, our hitherto strong social support systems are breaking. The student alone tries to adjust to the college life and also tries to meet high performance expectations. Some succeed and some do not. A sizable number of students succumb to the pressure and commit suicide also. On the other hand, the phenomenal advancement in technology has made means to acquire knowledge easily available. The student is no longer dependent on teacher only for information. He is also looking for the missing parent, mentor or friend in a teacher. The teacher takes on multiple roles to nurture young minds and steer human potential in the right direction. In this scenario the work orientation of the teacher and his well being levels assume importance. People's orientations to their work determine their thoughts, feelings, and behavior toward work. Most people view their work either as a Job (focus on financial rewards and viewing work as necessity that brings neither pleasure nor fulfillment;), a Career (focus on advancement and the resultant increase in social status), or a Calling (focus on enjoyment of fulfilling, socially useful work). This paper explores various facets of the calling work orientation and its consequent impact on well being in the field of education. It argues for a need to closely look at the reasons why teachers come into this profession. It also looks into the reasons why enhancing the well being of the teacher should be priority of the management, given the important role they play in nation building.

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Authors: Medha Tripathi, H. S. Asthana, A. K. Asthana

With growing number of cancer survivors, health behaviours may become relevant not only to prevention of cancer recurrence and improved survival, but also to quality of life and the reduction of risk for other chronic diseases. Given the importance of relatively good health as a basis for many of life’s pursuits and pleasures, it is understandable that cancer patients would seek to avoid illness and death, and indefinitely seek to obtain a state of better health. The present study aimed at studying the relationship of health behaviours and health locus of control in patients diagnosed with lung cancer. Results show that internal health locus of control was positively correlated with health promoting behaviours and negatively correlated with health impairing behaviours and external health locus of control was negatively correlated with health promoting behaviours and positively correlated with health impairing behaviours.

11

Authors: Marjan Mohammadian, Farnoosh soltanmmohamadi, Farshid ebrahimi

Purpose: The purpose of this study was identifying the relationship between emotional intelligence and organizational commitment with job satisfaction of staff of Ebne Sina Hospital. Method: For this purpose, NEO personality inventory and Minnesota job satisfaction questionnaires were used and after assuring of reliability and validity, Measuring tool were distributed among 125 sample of staffs of the Ebne Sina hospital. The research method is survey-correlation. Results: The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between emotional intelligence and organizational commitment with job satisfaction of staff of Ebne Sina hospital.

11

Authors: Mishra K. A., Asthana, H. S., Singh, I. L.

Language dominance has long been considered an important factor in determining the processing time associated with language switching. It is evident that when an unbalanced bilingual switch from ones non-dominant to dominant language (backward switching), s/he requires more reaction time in comparison to when s/he switches from dominant language to non-dominant language (forward switching). In this study, the researcher examined the effects of language dominance and switching on the response time in the cued picture-naming paradigm. Results indicate that the overall response time required by balanced bilingual is less than that of Hindi dominant bilinguals. It was also found that, Hindi dominant required more reaction time in backward switching in comparison to forward switching. For balanced bilinguals, the difference between forward and backward switching was not found to be significant. The results of this study have been discussed in light of the concept of ‘reactive inhibition’ of the Inhibitory Control Model (ICM).

11

Authors: Dr. Priyanka A. Rao

The objective of present study is to asses and enhances the coping strategies of adolescent girls. Adolescent defined as stage of storm and stress along with at this age proper training for adoptive coping skills would result for mentally healthy individual further family and society. Coping is individual capacity to deal as well manage with various stress of life without causing greater loss or getting back to homeostatic phase again. Coping is mainly of two type functional and dysfunctional coping or problem focused and emotional focused. Functional coping strategies are contributing factor and dysfunctional are threats to mental health. Purpose of this study was to enhance functional coping strategies in adolescent’s girls and lessen the use of dysfunctional coping skill. Sample for present study consist of 120 adolescents girls those who were having several issue. By giving them training of behavioral technique, meditation and relaxation, technique for the period of three months we assessed their coping strategy. Coping strategies scale by Srivastava used to measure the coping of girls before and after giving the training for approx three months. The result shows significant difference between the score on coping strategy scale before and after the training. Functional coping skills enhanced and use of dysfunctional coping lessened. To observe the mean difference t test carried out to see the pre to post test difference. Findings suggest that Meditation, Behavioral techniques and Muscles relaxation Technique was considerable impact on enhancing functional coping skill as well as reducing avoidance coping.

11

Authors: Sayedehmaryam Farhangsafavi, Seyed Mohammad Kalantarkousheh, Abdolah Shafiabadi

Nowadays, researchers and family therapists, using all of the facilities, hypothesizes, and methods, aim to solve marital and family conflicts. Drama therapy can be deemed as a significant method for this purpose. In the present research some pivotal components of Drama therapy such as, creativity, spontaneity, encounter, here and now are deeply considered. The results indicated that the aforementioned factors are of pivotal role to widely solve marital conflicts. Lastly, it is undeniable that drama therapy and family therapy are hand in hand.

11

Authors: Leila Mohaddeth Shakouri Ganjavi

Objective: since transition from adolescence is accompanied by different types of stress and adolescents are more vulnerable due to physical, psychological and social matters, the present research was aimed to study the effectiveness of training of spiritual intelligence components on depression, anxiety, stress and self-esteem of adolescents. Methodology: the present research was conducted in the first half of the academic year 2014-2015. Moreover, it was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest that used control group. Hence 40 of high school male students in Tehran were selected using convenience sampling method and located in experimental group and control group randomly (n=20). Both the groups were pretested using demographic questionnaire, and scale of depression, anxiety and stress DASS-42, Rozenberg's self-esteem scale. Afterwards, the experimental groups were trained for 8 sessions under training of spiritual intelligence components and the control group received no intervention. In the following, both the groups were post-tested and the obtained data were analyzed using inferential and descriptive statistical methods accompanied by SPSS21 software. Findings: the findings indicated that training of spiritual intelligence components significantly reduces depression, anxiety, stress and increases self-esteem in adolescents. Conclusion: it can be concluded from the present research that due to the high level of effectiveness of training of spiritual intelligence components, its low cost and its high acceptability by the adolescents, especially when it is performing in group, it had a great positive impact on reduction of depression, anxiety and stress in adolescents.

11

Authors: Arash Jelodari, Samira Ghidari

The current study was conducted with the aim of examining the confirmatory factor structure of the revised Persian version of self-compassion rating scale among a group of male prisoners of Sepidar prison of Ahvaz. One hundred and seventy-eight male prisoners were selected using convenient sampling method among male prisoners and completed RPVSC and GHQ-11-item. The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed 6 factors. The Cronbach's α coefficient for the entire scale was .91, for the 6 factors was from .77 to .92 and its convergent validity with the General Health Questionnaire was -.45 and for the 6 subscales with the GHQ was calculated from -.28 to -.48. Finally, the self-compassion scale can be used as a validated instrument in assessing aspects of self-compassion in male prisoners population.

11

Authors: Pamella Sylvia Ann Kelasi

Aim: To find out the relation between the types of learning and memory. Objective: To conclude that the types of learning relates to short term and long term memory. Background and Reason: Memory is the ability to encode, store, retain and subsequently recall information and past experiences in the human brain. Individuals differ in their level of memory. Its really fascinating to know the uniqueness in their memory. So the reason behind this research is to find out the uniqueness and methods followed by the individuals in their learning process. This study can also help in giving ideas to improve the memory and thus learning methods among individuals.

12

Authors: Lisa Paul, Md. Nurul Islam, Muhammad Alamgir Hossain

The present study investigated the interpersonal values of athletic and non – athletic students of university of Chittagong. To accomplish this purpose, a total of 80 students (20 athletic male, 20 athletic female, 20 non – athletic male, and 20 non – athletic female) were selected purposively as the sample of the study. The Bangla version of interpersonal values scale was used to collect data. Results showed that values regarding support, recognition, and benevolence varied significantly as a function of gender. Male was found to be more benevolent but less supportive and recognizable than female. Athletic and non – athletic students differ significantly in conformity and benevolence. Athletic students obtained higher scores both on conformity and benevolence than non – athletic students.

12

Authors: Jayashree Sanghani, Saroj Arya

In the present educational system, students face a lot of pressure, stress and expectation from self and others which leads to experiencing negative emotions. These factors hinder children’s all round development and scholastic achievement leading to low subjective well-being and poor life satisfaction. Hence, there is a need to foster positive emotions. A critical overview has been done on the role of Positive Psychology Interventions in enhancing positive emotions of the students in experiencing well-being, and satisfaction. School psychology has been focusing on addressing the problem and providing solutions. Experiencing positive emotions is more important for accomplishment and well-being than the absence of negative emotions. The essence of Positive Psychology Interventions is to remove what is wrong and bring in what is strong, by fostering positive factors important for flourishing and accomplishment. Research has shown that Positive Psychology Interventions are significantly related to student well-being which can augment life satisfaction.

13

Authors: Ms. Anjali Sahai, Prof. (Dr). Abha Singh

Organizational Justice has the potential to create major impact on organizations and employees alike. These include greater commitment, trust, enhanced job performance, more citizenship behaviors and less number of conflicts. It has been reported that employees seem to have a universal concern for Justice that transcends the self and that many are subject to biases at various point of time in their work life. Sometimes these biases lead to adverse outcomes including decreased level of subjective well-being. Subjective well-being is a broad category that includes life satisfaction, positive affect, and low negative affect, such as anger, sadness and fear. Thus to study the relationship between Organizational justice and subjective well-being, a sample of 88 employees working in Private Universities of NCR region were examined. For this purpose, the Organizational Justice scales consisting of Measure of Procedural & Interactional Justice and Distributive Justice Index scale by Moorman, Blakely & Niehoff (1998) and Subjective Wellbeing Scales inclusive of the Satisfaction with Life Scale(SWLS),Scale of Positive and Negative Experience(SPANE) and Flourishing Scale (FS) by Ed Diener (2004)were used. Results indicate significant relationship between the three types of Organizational justice and subjective well-being of employees.

13

Authors: Prabhakararao Sampathirao

One of the main things impacted by our self-concept and our self-esteem is our communication with other people. Self-concept, self image, self-esteem self efficacy are major factors in the way we communicate. Whether we are introverts or extroverts that can be seen in the way we communicate with others. Communication becomes smooth when we become part of it. People with high self esteem are confident, responsible, committed to goals, genuine and forgiving. An artificially inflated self-esteem is an effort to appear to have high self-esteem. However, such individuals don't typically show the characteristics of people with high self-esteem. Whereas low esteemed people insecure, unhappy and impatient. An artificially inflated self-esteem is an effort to appear to have high self-esteem. However, such individuals don't typically show the characteristics of people with high self-esteem. There are certain ways improve ones self-esteem. Development of a relationship is closely related to systematic self-disclosure. General personality traits such as quietness, shyness, and reticence frequently precipitate Communication Apprehension. Prevention and treatment methods of communication apprehension are now available.

13

Authors: Prabhakararao Sampthirao

One of the main things impacted by our self-concept and our self-esteem is our communication. Self-concept, self-image, self-esteem and self-efficacy are major factors in the way we communicate. Whether we are introverts or extroverts that can be seen in the way we communicate with others. Communication becomes smooth when we become part of it. People with high self-esteem are confident, responsible, committed to goals, genuine and forgiving. An artificially inflated self-esteem is an effort to appear to have high self-esteem. However, such individuals don't typically show the characteristics of people with high self-esteem. Whereas people with low self-esteem are insecure, unhappy and impatient, but people artificially inflated self-esteem try to appear to have high self-esteem in an effort to compensate their deficiency. There are certain ways improve one’s self-esteem. Development of a relationship is closely related to systematic self-disclosure which again another form of interpersonal communication. General personality traits such as quietness, shyness, and reticence frequently precipitate Communication Apprehension. Prevention and treatment methods of communication apprehension are now available.

14

Authors: Nooshin Asadi

Introduction: Evidence suggests that parents of children with mental or physical problems are more likely to have encountered numerous problems. Objective: The presented study was conducted with aim to determine the relation between marital satisfaction and parenting stress of mothers with efficacy in students with visual impairment. Method: this plan carried out in the area of descriptive studies in the form of causal-comparative study. The target formed the population included all male students with visual impairment living in Tehran and Karaj. For this purpose sixty (N =60) Students (age range 22-12, with average age: 18.2) were selected by available sampling method .Data collection was used on survey methods to assess index of parenting stress, marital satisfaction and self-efficacy questionnaire work by Schafer (response rate = 93%), Enrich (response rate = 90%) and general self-efficacy (response rate = 89%). Data collected were used with the help of Pearson correlation test, F-test and regression analysis. As well as qualitative data were analyzed obtained from the assessment coding demographic and qualitative data analysis tool Atlas.ti-5.2. Results: Data analysis showed that amount of stress between parenting stress and marital satisfaction with self-efficacy of children is significant. In this regard, parenting stress of mothers was determined by three variance levels of academic self-efficacy (r=-0.35), Social (r=-0.27) and emotional (r=-0.28). The results showed that women share of parenting stress in mothers in define of self-efficacy students was higher than the share of marital satisfaction. Conclusion: As the research literature shows, the results reflect the tension between the components of marital satisfaction; styles of parenting and students' self-efficacy, the findings also offer preventive implications that could be important in the area of applications.

15

Authors: Thyagarajan R

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remains one of the most prevalent mental health diagnoses identified in school-age children. Affected children show an increased risk for school failure, social difficulties, and the development of psychiatric co-morbidities. Despite the availability of evidence-based behavioral protocols for managing ADHD-related impairments, psychologists often encounter difficulties involving parents in the sustained implementation of these interventions. Cognitive-behavioral treatment aims to teach children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) strategies to help them increase their self-control and problem-solving abilities, through modeling, role playing and self-instruction. Cognitive-behavioral treatment has shown mixed effectiveness regarding ADHD behaviors Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can address treatment obstacles through emphasizing psycho-education, the development of a collaborative treatment context. This article presents a case study of Jay, a 9-year-old child with ADHD. He was supplemented with child-focused CBT strategies by the psychologist and parental behavioral management training by the parent. This case study outlines a central role of CBT intervention in collaboration with the Parent in managing ADHD children.

15

Authors: Ramanpreet Kaur, Anantdeep Kaur

Recent research in consumer psychology has tried to understand consumer behavior as influenced by society, media and needs of an individual. This paper draws on the empirical evidence that suggests that feelings of insecurity correlate with materialistic tendencies, and that materialistic people are less happy in relationships. The role of relationship satisfaction and narcissism in bringing materialistic tendencies to the fore in an individual has been examined in countless studies across the globe. It is understood that the materialists who seek happiness in possessions, not people, also exhibit narcissism along with relationship dissatisfaction and it is also established that unhappy people make good consumers. This paper throws light on how one’s relationship with their spouse can fuel materialistic desires in an individual and how narcissistic individuals seek external validation through consumption and show-off.

16

Authors: Rajendra Kumar Sharma, Dr. Bhupender Singh, Supriya Sharma

The objective of the study was to assess the impact of cognitive behavior intervention in enhancing the quality of life in individuals with amputation. Methods: A sample of 100 patients with specified inclusion –exclusion criteria was selected and sequentially allotted (fifty each in experimental n=50 and control n = 50) groups. An experimental design with pre-and post –assessment was adopted. Assessment was done using Socio – demographic and clinical data sheet, World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale- Brief Version (WHOQOL). A cognitive–behavioral intervention programme was developed incorporating psycho education, behavioral techniques (e.g., relaxation, activity scheduling), cognitive techniques (e.g. distraction, cognitive restructuring) and behavioral counseling to significant others. Results: showed that on QOL was observed using the WHOQOL-BREF.QOL among the experimental group significant enhancements in Physical health domain, Psychological domain, Social domain, Environmental domain, overall QOL and overall health indicates that there significant improvement in QOL. There were no such changes in the Health habits subscale.

19

Authors: Spriha Mukherjee

Music has been observed to hold immense importance in lives of human being from the time of its inception. It turned out to be a blessing in the attire of a magnificent form of an art. Music held ground in man's life in various ways, such as for its ability to heal, entertain, means of communication, expression of emotions etc. It has been found to add significant changes in the way a society works. In early times music was used as a means of communication, people would play drums or any other instruments to collect or gather crowd with the purpose of conveying any message. During events and festivals it was regarded to be a pious act to play musical instruments, not only from the point of view of entertainment but also it was based on the belief that music purifies the vibration in any particular environment. Even it has been used to symbolize various emotions during early ages.

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Authors: Rajkishor Chaudhary, Gaukaran Janghel

Education brings knowledge and it is an important part of human development education is the natural, harmonious and progressive development of man’s innate powers. From the reviewed studies, the studies on educational needs aspects focused on Enhancing Communication Skills, Enhancing Social skills, Studies on Retrospective focused in this purpose we are searches in the published and non-published article and research paper from different journals, books, and online database. In this studies total of 11 studies have been reviewed and discussed to obtain an understanding of the area under consideration. Among them 3 studies are related to educational needs aspects, 3 studies related to communication need, 4 studies related to Retrospective aspects. Out of 11 studies 3 of the studies were Indian and 9 of the studies were foreign studies.

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Authors: Mukundan C. R.

Emotion is the most subtle as well as complex psychological experience and expression, seen in living beings. Emotion serves the survival needs of living beings and it may be considered the force of life, without which the living being cannot have responses and actions. Emotion is acquired as an experience and one learns to not only experience by but also become aware of it, and semantically express it through personal cognitive appraisals. Such cognitive appraisals render emotions as facilitating or debilitating experiences, creating positive and negative effects on experience and the expression of emotions. Cognitive appraisals help provide multiples of labels for the emotional experiences and their expressions, depending on the specific contexts, and their effects on the self and others. Happiness within certain range is found to be the only emotion, which may not be associated with any personal gain, when the subjective feeling may be mixed with tears, but without grief. The most important role of emotion is that it serves as the drive for living, acting, and achieving goals in life. Flight and fight responses may be triggered without perception and awareness of an emotion provoking stimulus, when emotional responses may be triggered from memory of experiences. All other responses and actions require emotional arousal and the efficiency of performance is function of the complexity of the task and the drive employed. Neurogenesis of actions takes place when emotional arousal reaches certain critical level of potentiation (CLP), even though awareness of initiation of action may not be present. Learning to control and adjust emotional arousal is therefore, the most important need for gaining self-controls for responding to situations in the most appropriate manner and working for achieving goals. Learning self-control of emotional arousal is an important aspect of social conditioning, which helps them to perform and behave in socially accepted manner, safe guarding, and preserving the social values of the society. Large areas of the frontal cortex are engaged in the inhibitory control of emotional responses and performance of the sensory-motor systems of the brain. Response inhibition ability is a critically important aspect of socialization process, which each growing infant needs to acquire during the neurodevelopmental stages. Acquisition of such controls on the deployment of emotional arousal facilitates each person learn to use emotional arousal intelligently and in socially approved manner for expressing and achieving the best performance.