The International Journal of Indian Psychology

4

Authors: Dr. G. Vasudevaiah

The idea of widening access to education, promoting independent and lifelong learning and adopting new methods to delivery of education is prominent in the goals of education in India. To facilitate human resource development in the country and widen access to education at all levels, the educational policy of the country has emphasized the promotion of use of ICT in its distance education programs. With the support of information and communication technology, thousands of people from remotest parts of countries have been able to access education through distance learning. The traditional method of education occurs in personal contact between the teacher and the learner in the classroom setting. This is anchored in the reality that teaching and learning take place at same time and same place. With the introduction of communication technology it has became clear that formal, informal or non-formal teaching and learning at the higher level could also be done via technology. This paper focuses on the concept of ICT and how it useful in open and distance learning and also discusses about various problems in usage of ICT in open and distance learning.

5

Authors: N.P Singh, Suneeta Koul

Anxiety means the unpleasant emotions characterized by the term “worry”, “apprehension”, “dread” and “fear” that we all experience at times in varying degrees (1). Anxiety is the complex blend of unpleasant emotions and cognitions that is both more oriented to the future and much more diffuse than fear (2).Anxiety has not only cognitive components but also physiological and behavioural components. At the cognitive level anxiety involves negative mood worry about the possible future, threat or danger, self-preoccupation and future threat and to control it if it occurs. At the physiological level anxiety often creates a state of tension and chronic over arousal which may affect readiness for delaying with danger. At behavioural level anxiety may create a strong tendency to avoid situations where danger might encounter but there is not the immediate urge to flee with anxiety as there is with fear (3). An increased risk of muscular skeletal disorder was found in workers with pre-existing anxiety and depression compared to the without them (4).

5

Authors: Prashaanthi. N, Karpagam Krishnamoorthy

A research on the type-A personality behaviour among the individuals of saveetha dental college. Aim: To analyse the type-A personality behaviour among the individuals of saveetha dental college. Objective: To assess the type-A personality behavioural among the individuals in saveetha dental college using Jenkins activity survey. Background: Type A and type B behaviours were first described by two cardiologists Friedman and Roseman who were studying heart disease. Briefly, type A is a behavioural and personality pattern characterised by the following 1) competitive achievement orientation, goal striving without a sense of accomplishment and joy. 2) time urgency, impatience, over scheduling, and 3) anger and hostility which may or may not expressed. In contrast, type B is non competitive, enjoys the process as much as the goal, is patient, and has little anger and hostility. Reason: The reason was to analyse the personalities of individuals and develop personality in positive manner.

5

Authors: Keerthana. R, Dr. Karpagam Krishnnamoorthy

Aim: A study of behavioral pattern of the students of Saveetha Dental College towards the society. Objective: To analyze the behavior towards the society among the students in Saveetha Dental College. Background and reasons: Culture is a set of values, beliefs and behavior shared by a group of people. It is a set of human made objectives and subjective elements: it is transmitted through generations. Culture makes individual to conform to norms. The orientation of society in which individuals practice a particular culture may differ. Individualistic pattern of culture always emphasizes individual's privacy and improvement more than anything else. It stresses the individual uniqueness. To study the social orientation of the group and to improve their culture value towards the society.

5

Authors: Dr Abhishek Chowdhery, Dr Jaydeep Nandi

Aim: The purpose of this study was to find out the effectiveness of stress management programme among Physical education teachers. Objectives: To identify the level of stress and to test the effect of stress management among Physical education teachers. Methods: One hundred and twenty one participants were involved in the study to prove the effectiveness of stress management techniques among the Physical education teachers by using stress questionnaire. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of stress management program among Teachers. Before starting the techniques were introduced and the stress questionnaire was used for pre-test. The program starts from coping skill to verbalization the same stress questionnaire is given for the post test purpose. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the pre and post test of stress questionnaire (75.386 if p= 0.000). The stress level was said to be reduced after the application of stress management techniques. Conclusion: Study concluded that various relaxation techniques should be established for reducing the level of stress on the Physical education Teachers.

6

Authors: Ganesan, Rajesh, Kulkarni, Mukund

Today we live in the age of globalization, as the world came at calling distance the need for the common communication system has aroused which is understood and well accepted by the global community. As nation we also have understood and accepted the importance of common communication system to have firm footing in the global scenario. With some exception English language has acquired the status of global language, which is spoken, written, understood and used by many world countries including India. In India English has become pre-requisite and facilitating factor in communication, education, vocation and business careers. But still in India we speak and use diverse languages, that’s why Indian scenario is quite different from that of world. On the basis of English language Indian population can be divided in to two main groups. First group includes people who are very good at all aspects of English language like reading, writing, speaking and understanding it. They are mostly urban, middle or high class people, having easy access to good education and they use it to their advantage. Remaining population is mostly rural, lower income group and depends on public schools for their education. Mostly these people know only their native language and communicate in it only. Being second language and started at later age, English learning creates anxiety in students of this population, associated with productive skills like speaking and writing or receptive skills like reading and listening. English anxiety is a feeling of uneasiness, worry, nervousness, apprehension, or fear while learning or using English. Children in this population study English as second language at High School level in almost all schools; except English all other subjects are taught to them in their native language. The effects of this anxiety are more evident in the classroom and strongly indicate the Academic performance of the student. Anxiety is found to have a detrimental effect on student's confidence, Self-esteem and level of participation. Anxious students employ avoidance strategies like falling sick frequently, not paying attention in classroom and skipping classes. They do well in other subjects but not in English, which lowers their self esteem; as result they develop negative attitude toward English language, and show less interest in this subject. Anxious students also forget previously learned material, volunteer answers less frequently and have a greater tendency to remain passive in classroom activities. When these students finish their high school and joins junior colleges at cities they are taught science subjects in English only. This sudden change does not go well with them and creates definite anxiety, which hampers their learning process. Just because they are not good at English they start lagging behind and feel inability to compete with other students which are good at English. The frustration of not being able to understand the subject matter well further creates anxiety in them; most of the students could not overcome this anxiety and fail to achieve their desired goals. Unfortunately educational institutes are unaware about this important cause behind students’ turmoil and subsequent non performance; which is wrongly attributed to the aptitude of the student. That is why this issue has not been given due attention and consideration at school and college level. Therefore there is acute need to introduce innovative psychological strategies to alleviate anxiety towards English. Through the application of Behaviour Modification Techniques at high school level English language anxiety can be reduced to the minimum considerable level and students interest in the subject can be increased many fold. This will boost their confidence and self esteem and encourage their participation in the class. The feeling of ‘we can also’ and newly found interest in the subject will help in improving their language. This will definitely reflect in their academic performance and will further boost and increase their confidence and interest. Improvement in English language will help them in understanding other subjects which are taught in English in better way. Therefore this study is undertaken to reduce English Language anxiety through Behaviour Modification Techniques. This is a pilot study of 30 students who are studying in standard VIII at Nutan Kundakeshwar Vidyamandir. When their last unit test scores referred, it was understood that all these students are academically above average and do well in all subjects except English. When they assessed on the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety scale by Horwitz, E. K., Horwitz, M. B., & Cope (1986) (translated in Marathi for present study) they showed high level of English language anxiety. All these students were taught about the interventions to be used and they practiced these interventions for a month. Result shows the significant drop in mean anxiety of group from pre-intervention score 120.57 to post-intervention score 101.07 and significant increase in their Post scholastic mean score 20.87 from 17.97 pre-scholastic mean score. These results are very significant and encouraging.

6

Authors: Dr Jayendrakumar N. Amin

This paper deals with key roles required for a teacher in new digital era. Teachers' role in the 21st century has become more complex in the present changing world here knowledge is almost unlimited. Teachers are expected to become technologically oriented and responsible not only for their teaching but also for their students' learning. Today teachers are required to be facilitators helping learners to make judgements about the quality and validity of new sources and knowledge, be open-minded and critical independent professionals, be active co-operators, collaborators, and mediators between learners and what they need to know, and providers to scaffold understanding. In this digital era, teachers’ role has shifted from mere preacher to the manager of students social and emotions behaviours; mentor for their learning and over-all development as a balanced citizen; motivator for slow learner and a fast learner in digital environment. He has to keep watch on the time spent by learners for their proper time management which make certain that the learner utilize optimum e-resources. He has to address social and emotional issues that affect learners’ learning, and be ready to make changes when their learning stalls.

6

Authors: Dr. Ramesh D. Waghmare

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of gender and location of the college students on psychological well being. The sample for the study comprised of 100 college students from jalna city. In each 50 male students (25 urban and 25 rural male students) and 50 female students (25 Urban and 25 rural female college students). The scale was used for data collection psychological well being scale by Bholge and prakash (1995). Where gender and location were considered as independent variables and psychological well being as dependent variables. 2x2 factorial design was used and data were analysis by Mean, SD and ‘t’ values. Results revered no significant difference between male and female, Urban and Rural college students on psychological well being.

6

Authors: Harini. K, Dr. Karpagam krishnamoorthy

Aim: To measure the family environment levels among students in Saveetha dental college. Objective: Measuring the family environment scale by a questionnaire. Background: The family is the oldest and the most important of all the social institutions. The family environment is influenced by a number of factors like constellation, number of children in the family, marital relationship between husband and wife, maternal environment, socio-economic status and religious background of the family. Reason: I am interested to know about the family environment of students. This study also helps us to emphasise the values about family environment.

6

Authors: Dr. Gautami S., Dr. T. Anupama

In the current lifestyle of utmost complexities, the stress level is raising at a phenomenal rate. The factors that contribute to stress not only differ between cultures, but also within the culture itself, from a sophisticated to a normal class family, the ultimate necessity is the job, may it be a business or a salaried job. This research work is an analytical, empirical study based on survey of IT professionals in India. The sample was drawn from the various IT hubs in India to make it more representative of the IT professional’s population. Through the pre-tested questionnaire used in the survey, data were generated on the respondents’ demographics, their perceived organizational stressors like Inter Role Distance, Role Stagnation, Role Expectation Conflict, Role Erosion, Role Overload, Role Isolation , Personal Inadequacy, Self-Role Distance, Role Ambiguity , Role Inadequacy. The findings of this study would contribute significantly in better understanding of the stress in IT sector by the academicians and the practitioners. Finally, this study enriches the literature on stress management with respect to the sunshine industry of India. Key words: Demographics, organizational stressors, Inter Role Distance, Role Stagnation, Role Expectation Conflict, Role Erosion, Role Overload, Role Isolation, Personal Inadequacy, Self-Role Distance, Role Ambiguity, Role Inadequacy.

6

Authors: Sudendra Singh, Dr. Prashant Mishra

Spirituality in an organization helps people to do creative work, insightful, the development of rules and overcoming the fear of failures. Results of current studies suggest that spirituality in the organization can play an important role in effectively managing people in the organization. Organizational Spirituality also implies the opportunity to grow and contribute to something substantial. .Spiritual Quotient is a process of insight and personal experience, not a set of beliefs. Spiritual Intelligence is also called "wisdom" or the application of knowledge. There is a purpose for everything and everyone. There is a higher power that affects everything. Spirituality is the feeling that no matter how bad things happen; they will always work out somehow.

6

Authors: Dr. Kodali Madhavi, Dr. P.Krishna Mohan, Dr. Sai kiran Pasupula

Background: Headache is the most common medical disorder with a lifetime prevalence of over 90% . Headache is commonly associated with psychiatric syndromes where psychiatrists are often consulted for the evaluation and treatment of people suffering from it. Aim: To study the clinical patterns and psychiatric co-morbidity of the patients suffering from headache attending to department of psychiatry in a general hospital. Methodology: After prior consent, Socio-demographic details and the clinical details of the headache were collected and the diagnosis of the headache was coded using ICHD. Psychiatric diagnosis was made using ICD-10 with the help of consultant. Results: Majority of the subjects (69.1%) presented with primary headache. Tension type headache (49.1%) was the most common type of headache followed by migraine (18.2%). Secondary headaches were seen in 30.9% of individuals. Conclusion: Headache is commonly co-morbid with psychiatric disorders. Early identification of psychiatric disorders helps in proper management and treatment of the individuals with headache.

6

Authors: Dr. M. Ravi Babu

Teacher Education has always been an important component of education since time immemorial. This is because all societies in the world have always needed teachers to propagate/transmit their cultures from one generation to another. Teachers need to be seen as creators of knowledge and thinking professionals. A teacher needs to be an information provider, role model, facilitator, assessor, planner, resource and developer. Educated teachers, with wide knowledge, command the respect of fellow teachers and the people in their communities. They need to be empowered to recognise and value what children learn from their home, social and cultural environment and to create opportunities for children to discover, learn and develop. Teacher is a facilitator, is a friend, and is a philosopher. The purpose of teacher education programme should be to develop in each student his general education and personal culture, his ability to teach and educate others, an awareness of the principles which underlines good human relations and a sense of the responsibility to contribute both by teaching and leading as an example to social, cultural and economic progress. The nation building task will be performed under the leadership of a brilliant set of teacher educators and master educators who will prepare the teachers and who in turn will develop the creative abilities of the teeming millions of the country. This paper discusses the diverse role of teacher’s in the global age.

6

Authors: Rishi Panday, Nazish Fatima

Background: A child born into family is usually received with joy and considered a blessing but when the child is handicapped and blessing is clearly mixed. Acceptance of child with mental handicap becomes difficult to parents and the whole family particularly when competence and achievement are very much valued in modern world. A parent shows a series of reactions after knowing that their child is disabled. These include shock, denial, guilt, sorrow, rejection and acceptance. Questions like ‘why me?’ ‘How can it be?’ keep arising without answers. This study was based on quality of life among parents of children with mentally challenged and it was gender based study. Aim: To study the gender differences in term of Quality of Life among parents of mentally challenged children. Methods and Material: It was cross sectional study conducted at RINPAS, Samples were recruited through purposive sampling technique. Semi-structured interview schedule was developing to assess the demographics profile and Quality of life scales were administered on parents of children with mentally challenged. Results: Finding of this study showed that parents of male children have good Quality of Life in comparison to the parents of female children.

7

Authors: M. G. Sharma, Vandana Sharma

The aim of the present study ascertaining the personality characteristics of treated and non-treated drug addicts, using Hindi version of the Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire and Death Anxiety Scale. 100 subjects were taken for this study out of this 50 treated and 50 non-treated drug addicts were evaluated at S.I. Mental and Physical Health Society “SIMPHS”, Varanasi, district in India. Psycho-astrotherapy was given to those groups who attend the Centre for treatment. These groups were matched on the variables of age range 18-35 years with a mean age of 21.01 years. Addiction period ranged from two year to six years. The finding reveals that characteristics associated with non-treated drug addicts are anxiety, obsession, phobia, somatization, depression and hysteria, and death anxiety.

7

Authors: Shama Rahman, Shamim A. Ansari, Farzana Parveen

The quality of a nation depends upon the good mental health of adolescent students. Though the purpose of my study to explore whether happiness is associated with mental well-being among adolescents. The concept of mental health contains aspect of our emotional, psychological and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease. Happiness is the positive key factor of human daily life and was introduced as a main component of health by the WHO. Happiness is based on a life-long pursuit of meaningful, developmental goals. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between happiness and mental well-being among adolescent students. For this purpose a sample consisting N=100 adolescent students (male=50 and female=50). Sample was taken from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. Mental well-being scale by Tenant et al. (2007) used to check the mental well-being among adolescents. And Oxford Happiness Questionnaire by psychologist Michael Argyle and Peter Hills (1989) to check the happiness level of adolescent students. Result was analyzed by SPSS software. Positive correlation (r=.670) was found between happiness and mental well-being among adolescent students. Insignificant difference had found between male and female adolescence on happiness level (t=1.207) & mental well-being level (t=.105). Thus, happiness can enhance the mental well-being of a person, which is beneficial for a person’s healthy life style.

7

Authors: Dr. Saroj Kumar Singh

Sustainable development - as a well-defined concept - has emerged from a series of Conferences and Summits, where influential people have tried to come to an agreement on how to tackle the “burning issues” of the 21st Century: poverty, increasing inequality, environmental and human health degradation. The present paper presents the most important “stages,” where the “actors” have created and defined the concept of sustainable development and its principles.

7

Authors: Muthusamim. M

A sample of 300 High school rural students from 10 schools among them 118 were males and 182 were females who are studying IX and X standards in rural state board schools at Tiruchirappalli educational district. The objectives of this study are to find out the level of mental Health of rural High school students with reference to sex demographic variable. This study has mainly focused only six dimensions of mental Health namely Self evaluation, Realistic perception, Integration of personality, Autonomy, Group oriented activity, and Environmental mastery. Hence there fining of the study there is a significant difference between high school boys and girls in which their mental Health. This research concluded the study mental Health of students is very much influenced by mental Health of teachers. So refresher courses should give to the teachers. For improving the mental Health, the students should be engaged in useful work because absorption in useful work keeps a person in good mental Health.

7

Authors: Sreehari. R, Joseph Thomas R, Dr. Balan Rathakrishnan3, Daisy P.J

The Empathy Quotient is a self-reported test to measure the cognitive and affective aspects of empathy. The purpose of this study was to develop a short version of Empathy Quotient and to establish its psychometric properties. The short version of empathy assessment scale and its correspondence with life skills assessment scale and social skills scale were evaluated in a sample of 971 school adolescents. A test-retest study was conducted at 2 weeks’ time on a selected sample of 120 subjects from the original sample. Correlation and factor analyses were conducted. Result of the study indicates that the test-retest reliability was good, and the internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach’s alpha=0.65). Positive correlations were found between the empathy scale and other measures. In conclusion, Empathy scale showed acceptable psychometric properties and can be used in scientific studies.

7

Authors: Dr Tanu Tandon

“Empowerment” has been used to represent a wide range of concepts and to describe a proliferation of outcomes. The term has been used more often to advocate for certain types of policies and intervention strategies than to analyze them, as demonstrated by a number of documents from the United Nations (UNDAW 2001; UNICEF 1999), the Association for Women in Development (Everett 1991), the Declaration made at the Micro-credit Summit (RESULTS 1997), DFID (2000), and other organizations. Empowerment has become a widely used word.

7

Authors: Sama Afsana A

The main purpose of this research was to find out the mean difference between teachers and lecturers in mental health and psychological well-being. The total sample consisted of 120 teachers and lecturers. The research tools for mental health scale was measured by Dr. A. K. Shreevastav and Dr. Jagdish and the psychological well-being scale was measured by Bhogle and Prakash (1995).The ‘t’ test is applied to check the significance of mental health and psychological well-being in teachers and lecturers to check the method which was used for test. The result shows, there is no significant difference between teachers and lecturers in mental health and psychological well-being .So, the hypothesis is accepted.

7

Authors: B Deevena Pauleen

Family income has positive, wide-reaching effects on child well-being. A mother’s unique orientations, strengths, and styles of interaction may appear to be more important in the socio-emotional lives of their children, yet many studies over the past two decades consistently demonstrated that father’s have a measurable impact on children. The current study aims at exploring the social emotional learning of girls and its relation to their father’s occupation at early childhood. The study consists of 30 girls from each age group of 4yrs, 5yrs and 6yrs. The sample was drawn from both Government and Private Schools (Play schools and Anganwadis) in Hyderabad. Early learning Observation Rating Scale by Gills, M., West, T., & Coleman, R., M , (2010) was administered. Data was analyzed using Descriptive statistics, Chi Square test for Independence and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results revealed that there is no significant relation between the social emotional learning of girl’s and their father’s occupation. A weak positive correlation exists between the social emotional learning of girl’s and their father’s occupation at early childhood.

7

Authors: Satabdee Das

The present study investigated the relationship between explicit and implicit measures of affiliation, power, and achievement motives and behavior as related to social networking sites (SNS) in a sample of 40 participants. SNS appear to be designed to enable social connection via the Internet, so the potential for influence of the affiliation motive seemed self- evident. Additionally, we hypothesized that the power motive drives certain aspects of SNS behavior such that individuals with a high power motive have a larger number of friends and upload more pictures. The results of regression analyses showed that the explicit affiliation motive and the explicit power motive were related to different outcome of SNS activity. Specifically, the explicit power motive predicted number of friends and number of uploaded pictures, whereas time spent on SNS per day was predicted by the explicit affiliation motive. Only weak evidence was found for an influence of implicit motives on SNS activity.

7

Authors: Ankita Singh, Shabana Bano

Social axioms play a crucial role in the individual’s belief and value systems. The major functions of axioms are to enhance the survival and functioning of people in their social environment. Leung and Bond (2004) proposed five dimensions of social axioms as social cynicism, social complexity, reward for application, fate control and religiosity. The present study is designed to examine the social axioms of younger and older people. The study was conducted with 86 participants (N=51 young and N=35 old) age ranged 20-30 and 50-60 years. They were sampled from various areas of Varanasi City. The social axioms survey (Leung, Bond, Carrasquel, Munoz, Hernandez, Murikami, Yamagushi, Biebrauer&Singelis, 2002) was administered to examine the participants. Result showed that older participants significantly higher on social cynicism, reward for application and religiosity than younger participants. With respect to social complexity and fate control, no significant difference was found. The findings suggest that social axioms are important to understand an individual’s behaviour in a given society.

7

Authors: Dr. Jignasa Joshi

Education has expanded rapidly in the present times. New institutions are developed because of the Globalization of education every day. The education field hasn’t improved as much qualitatively as it has expanded quantitatively. The number of educated unemployed is rising day by day. The person is not getting any skill for life preservation after studying in an educational institution for long time. The current system of education is not complementing the individual differences. No two creatures on this earth are alike. This should be kept in mind while making policy in education. Is there any significant difference of Gender on Multiple Intelligence? To find answer of this question present study was conducted by keeping in mind different intelligence predispositions given in the theory of Multiple Intelligences.

7

Authors: Dr. G. Venugopal, Karanam Mahaboobvali

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disorder that appears in early childhood. ADHD makes it difficult for people to inhibit their spontaneous responses that can involve the lot from movement to speech to attentiveness. The present study focus on the parental practices of high school students with ADHD behaviours- A study. Objectives of the study are To develop a tool to study the parental practices of high school students with ADHD behaviours. To find out the background factors of parents of students with ADHD behaviours. To find out the significant differences, if any, in the parents parental practices of students with ADHD behaviours due to variation in their child’s (i) Gender (.ii) Age group (iii) Community (iv) Location of Residence.

7

Authors: Zahra Askari

Introduction: forgiveness is one of the new issues in the scope of family treatment that in recent decades entered the scopes of psychology and family consultation. Purpose: the present study has done with aim of investigating the relationship of forgiveness index with marital satisfaction. Method: this study with a causal-comparative framework was done in domain of descriptive studies. To this aim eighty couples (N=160) from residents of region 2 and region 5 of Tehran city (age range of 18-31 with average age of 20.6) were selected by multiphasic cluster sampling. The data collected through survey and to this aim two questionnaires of measurement of couples' impunity (response rate=89%) and marital satisfaction questionnaire (response rate=91%) were used. The data were analyzed through Pearson parametric correlation test and t-test. Moreover the qualitative data resulting from demographic evaluations were codified and were analyzed by analysis instrument of qualitative data i.e. Atlas.ti-5.2. Findings: the findings resulted from data analysis represented that there is significant relationship between two indices of forgiveness and marital satisfaction (P<0.05). Besides, the forgiveness index determined 0.40 of variance changes in marital satisfaction variable. Conclusion: the respective findings while including applicable implications can be of high importance in prevention and intervention perspective.

7

Authors: Sreeja Gangadharan P, S P K Jena

Mind is a subject widely studied under various discipline, yet, failed to come up with a definition which we could comprehend. These studies had unravelled a number of questions regarding the nature of the mind and leads to serious debates on its composition, i.e., whether it consists only of higher intellectual functions such as memory and reasoning, its activities i.e.; what is the relationship of mind and body, is dualism or monism?, is it accessible to study or only an endeavour of first person and finally, who possess a mind?; do all beings have a mind or only human beings could possess it?, and so on. With two simple models, ‘the Epistemological dualism’ and the model of ‘Mind-Spirit; dichotomy Vs coexistence’ based on the concepts in Indian Psychology, the paper throws more light in to the subject mind and its faculty.

8

Authors: Mohammad Hosein Saket

Background: Textbook, which is considered as one of the most important sources of students' learning in educational systems has also an important role in the educational system of Iran. Purpose: the present study was conducted for the content analysis of the civics textbook in Iran and providing a theoretical framework for the appropriate criteria of determining content according to the teachers and authors (based on gender). Methodology: the present study was conducted in the form of causal-comparative study and compilation of questionnaires and content analysis. The analysis was done based on the items of the questionnaire. For this purpose, two groups consisted of 107 male and female teachers who were teaching in the public, non-profit and Shahid schools in Tehran were selected using cluster sampling method. In addition, the six authors of the books mentioned working in the research and educational planning department of the Ministry of Education were selected based on target sampling. Due to the nature of the survey, the researcher-developed questionnaire including 32 items was completed by the participants. The present study was conducted using the statistical method of descriptive analysis by which the data was collected, classified and organized and underwent content analysis using the checklist. Result: the results of the present study offered a theoretical pattern of three sections based on society, individual and subject. Findings: theoretical integrity can be considered important in formulating and preparing the texts element which improves the education vision in the long run.

8

Authors: Dr. S. Srividya, Dr. A. Velayudhan

The term health has been long defined from the epidemiological perspective “as the state of being free from illness or injury”. However, the concept of health has undergone a transition from absence of illness to better and healthy life for oneself and for future generations. This requires promotion and protection of not only our body system but also natural environment that surrounds us. The interlink between Health and Environment has begun to be recognized with the beginning of understanding on sustainability and sustainable development. Hence, there is a present need to look at health from epidemiological perspective to ecological perspective which would make the entire human kind sustainable. The present paper discusses the indiscernible cycle of sustainable environment- development- health from multiple levels- individual, family, and community as a whole. While sustainable healthy behavior at the individual level should be understood from the interactions of beliefs and behavior and action, families and communities should encourage health-promoting environments for sustainable communities and neighborhoods. The paper discusses various challenges of sustainable environments towards health at the various levels.

8

Authors: Mohammad Hosein Saket

Introduction: One of the important discussions in the family is the quality of the relationship between the parents. Objective: The presented study was conducted with aim to determine the relation between marital Satisfactions of mother with Self-esteem in children. Method: The present study, with a causal-comparative framework and in descriptive domain of studies. The target formed the population included all female students living in Tehran. To this aim, 85 (N=85) Students were selected by Purposive sampling method. Data collection was used on survey methods to assess index of marital satisfaction and self-esteem questionnaire. Data collected were used with the help of Pearson correlation test and regression analysis. Results: Data analysis showed that amount of marital satisfaction with self- esteem of children is significant. In this regard, marital satisfaction of mothers was determined by Self-esteem (r=0.24, p<0.05). Conclusion: As the findings offer preventive implications that could be important in the area of applications.

8

Authors: Akansha Gautam

Objectives: Recent evidence suggests that suicidal ideation is increasing among college going students, it is essential to upsurge our knowledge concerning the etiology of suicidal ideation among students. This study was conducted to examine the relationships between problem-solving skills appraisal, perceived burdensomeness, and suicidal ideation among University students. In addition, this study was conducted to examine problem-solving skills appraisal (including the three components: problem-solving confidence, approach-avoidance style, and personal control of emotion) and perceived burdensomeness as predictors of suicidal ideation. Methods: The participants consisted of 350 students from NCR located Universities. Results: Regression analysis estimated that undergraduate students with avoiding style, poor problem-solving confidence, limited personal control of emotion and perceived burdensomeness were associated with higher suicidal ideation. Problem-solving skills appraisal (including the three components of problem-solving confidence, approach-avoidance style, and personal control of emotion) and perceived burdensomeness predicted the suicidal ideation. Conclusion These findings underline the importance of studying contributing processes that explain how problem solving and perceived burdensomeness affects suicidal ideation.

8

Authors: Priyamvada Srivastava, Aniksha Varoda, Reeta Venugopal

Background: The menstrual cycle is a very important indicator of women’s reproductive health and of their endocrine function. Menstruation, and the menstrual cycle are characterized by variability in volume, pattern and regularity. The purpose of this study was to determine the age of menarche, source of information regarding menstrual cycle, patterns, and problems faced by the adolescent rural and urban school girls, of Chhattisgarh, during menstruation. Method: The present study was cross-sectional descriptive study carried out on 750 school going adolescent girls from rural and urban areas of Chhattisgarh. For collection of data Self-structured questionnaire based on issues related to menstruation cycle was used. Results: Average age of menarche for overall sample taken, of adolescent girls of Chhattisgarh is 14.33 years. Mean age of menarche for urban and rural adolescent girls. 14.45 years and 13.89 years respectively. The adolescent girls received information about menstrual cycle from various sources viz mother (34.6%), friends (19.4%) and sisters (16.8%). It was noticed that most of the adolescent girls (61.25%) experienced menstrual problems (59% urban girls and 64.5% rural girls reported menstrual problems). 45.6% of urban girls and 35.4% rural girls experienced abdominal pain as one of the major problem during menstrual cycle. 16% & 20.3% urban and rural girls reported to suffer from headache during menstrual cycle respectively. During menstrual cycle, fatigue was observed in 17.8% urban girls and 22.4% rural girls. 20.6% and 21.6% urban and rural girls reported food craving respectively. Higher percentage of rural girls experienced psychological symptoms like depression, anxiety, fatigue, food cravings and headaches, as compared to urban girls. Conclusion : Higher percentage of rural adolescent girls of Chhattisgarh experience problem during menstruation cycle as compared to the urban girls, the percentage of rural girls reporting psychological symptoms during cycle, is higher as compared to urban girls. Intervention program for awareness regarding Menstrual cycle and associated issues for adolescent girls and their parents should be planned so that the problems of the girls can be minimized.

8

Authors: Mr. Sulfikar C

In the age of rapid globalization, industrialization, economic liberalization, expansion of information technology and rise in consumerism, the children and especially adolescents are exposed to lot of psycho social issues. Adolescents aged 10–19 years constitute about one-fourth of India’s population and young people aged 10–24 years about one-third of the population. This large cohort of young people represents a great demographic dividend with the potential to contribute to India’s economic growth and development. Violence and hostility are the hall marks of day today living and women and children are the worst affected section of the society. Changes in social, moral, cultural and religious values have made life stressful for children especially for adolescents. This can be observed in the rise of crime and suicide rates etc. Stress faced by children and adolescents are enormous and life skills are essentially those abilities that help to promote mental well-being and competence in young people for to challenge the diversities and ensure their empowerment. In order to realize this potential to the fullest, young people must be healthy, educated and equipped with information skills and confidence that would enable them to contribute to their communities and the country’s socio-economic growth. In the present paper the investigator goes through the importance of life skills, various life skills and adolescent’s empowerment through the life skills based education.

8

Authors: Shefali S K, Navya Shree G C

Middle age is one of the most important periods of human life as it is the time of transitions in terms of family responsibilities, physical health, social interests and hobbies, etc. People in this stage want to enjoy the success in personal and professional lives. Attitude towards marriage plays a very important role in life in determining ones life satisfaction. As far middle age is concerned job, socialization, marriage, and family are the contributing factors for life satisfaction in them. The objective of the study was to find the relationship between attitude towards marriage and Life Satisfaction among mid adults. The sample comprised of 60 mid adults belonging to the age range of 35 to 50 years from rural and urban areas. The tools used to asses Attitude towards marriage and life satisfaction were Marriage attitude scale (Pramod Kumar,1988) and Life Satisfaction scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen and Griffin, 1985) respectively. Results were analyzed using Two way Analysis of Variance and Pearson co-efficient of correlation. Result showed that there is no significant gender difference in attitude towards marriage and life satisfaction among mid adults. There is no significant difference between urban and rural mid adults in their attitude towards marriage and level of life satisfaction. The findings indicated that the two variables are independent of each other and there is no significant relationship between the two.

9

Authors: Mohmad Iqbal

Literally the phrasal acronym HIV/AIDS would prove a leitmotif in this study. AIDS is the final stage of HIV infection, and not everyone who has HIV advances to this stage. At this stage people are susceptible to opportunistic infections because of their damaged immune system. So a person progressed to too many opportunistic infections means he has AIDS. He also may show very little CD4 count. A person at this stage is bound to go for medical, salubrious, and therapeutic intervention to avoid the extreme results and death sentence. HIV epidemic has a well-documented and well understood progression. Untreated, HIV is almost universally fatal because it eventually damages the immune system—resulting in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV treatment (antiretroviral therapy) helps people at all stages of the disease, and treatment can slow or prevent progression from one stage to the next. As yet no vaccine or drug has been made by the medical sciences that ensure the complete eradication of virus from the body. The available drugs surely can stop the growth of virus, or lessen the multiplication of it. These drugs have been responsible for the longevity of the HIV infected.

9

Authors: B. Poornima, Harini Jayaraman, Dr. Arun Kumar. A

Second-language acquisition, second-language learning, or L2 acquisition, is the process by which people learn a second language. The field of second-language acquisition is a sub discipline of applied linguistics, but also receives research attention from a variety of other disciplines, such as psychology and education. We aimed to understand the various factors influencing the second language learning among urban foreign language learners. Between February 2015 and September 2015, we conducted 10 in-depth interviews with a purposive sample of students learning European languages and five key informant interviews with European language teachers in Chennai. Audio recorded interviews were analysed thematically using NVivo 10. The mean age of the participants is 24.7 years. Most of the participants reported professional reasons to learn the language, uninteresting classrooms as a major reason for attrition and previous language learning experience affects their current learning. The need to integrate life and language skills in classes and activities to promote creativity was emphasized by most of them. About half of them said that there is a need to customize courses and use technology like smart boards for making classes more interactive. This paper discusses the findings of the study and its implications in second-language acquisition.

9

Authors: Neeta N. Lad

The present study is aimed to study the influence of gender and working area of the employees on their quality of work life and mental health. Total 480 employees were selected for the study in which 240 employees were working in Shivaji University, Kolhapur and 240 employees were working in Mumbai University, Mumbai. They were equally distributed on the basis of gender and working area. Quality of work life was measured by ‘Quality of Work Life Scale’ (QWL) which is constructed by Dhar, Dhar and Roy (2011) and mental health was measured by Mithila Mental Health Status Inventory (MMHSI) by Anandkumar and Thakur (1984). Data was analyzed through descriptive statistical technique and Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Result revealed that gender and working area significantly influence on quality of work life of the employees. However, gender also significantly influence on egocentrism and social non-conformity of the employees. Additionally, working area significantly influence on employees alienation. Results were discussed on the basis of above fact and previous literature.

9

Authors: Sukrita Mukherjee, Dr. Ishita Chatterjee

Learning style is the manner in which a learner perceives, interacts with, and responds to the learning environment. Components of learning style are the cognitive, affective and physiological elements, all of which may be strongly influenced by a person's cultural background. The present study aims to understand the learning style adapted by higher secondary students. The study sample consists of 90 higher secondary school students (30 each from science, humanities and commerce background). The male female ratio was 50:50. The age range was from 16-18 years. They were all from middle socio-economic status. They were administered learning style questionnaire given by Honey and Mumford (1986). In the present study, the result indicated that in the category of Stream the F score is significant in case of Pragmatist and Reflector. In the category of Gender the F score is significant in the dimension of Pragmatist. In the category of Gender*Stream the interaction between gender and stream were not found to be significant in any of the variable, viz., Theorist, Pragmatist, Activist, and Reflector. In case of Gender, the Mean scores of male in the category of Pragmatist are highest for the Humanities group followed by Commerce group and finally by Science group. Again the mean scores of female in the category of Pragmatist are highest for the Science group followed by Humanities group and finally by Commerce group. The present study is helpful in the field of designing educational guidance and curriculum for the Higher Secondary Students.

9

Authors: Dr. Lakshmi Pandey, Bi. Shabila

Women have changed; they entered into a world previously occupied solely by men. In recent decades, more and more women have achieved notable progress in occupations previously reserved for men. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between women’s desire for social freedom and power motive among college going girls. The study was conducted on a sample of 200 college going girls in the age range from 18-26 years who were enrolled in a large university of Bihar. WSF scale developed by M. Saha and power motive inventory developed by H.Ojha were employed to capture responses. Result shows that women with high and low WSF score had differing significantly with respect to their need for power motive. Results also indicate that all educated girls had a moderate level of WSF score and moderate urges of power motive. Thus, findings revealed that co-efficient of correlation between the scores of WSF and power motive among girls was positive and significant at .01 level.

10

Authors: Nooshin Asadi

Introduction: Birth and presence of children with vision problems in every household could be considered a challenging event which will follow with stress, frustration and hopelessness. Objective: This study aimed to determine the relation between parenting stress with student's self-efficacy who has visual impairment. Method: This study was conducted as a causal-comparative design in the form of a multi-site in the descriptive study field. The target formed the population included all male students with visual impairment living in Tehran and Karaj. For this purpose sixty (N =60) students (age range 22-12 with average age: 18.2) were selected by available sampling method. Data collection was based on survey methods to assess parenting stress in the index of Schiffer work questionnaires (response rate = 91%) was used. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and F-test. As well as qualitative data were analyzed obtained from the assessment coding demographic and qualitative data analysis tool Atlas.ti-5.2. Results: Data analysis showed that between parenting stress of mothers There is a significant relationship with three levels of academic self-efficacy (r=-0.35), social (r=-0.27) and emotional (r=-0.28) .Conclusion: in line of management background, the results of this study indicate that there is a linear relationship between stress of parenting and efficacy in children, these findings could be promising outlook for future interventions.

10

Authors: Shraddhesh Kumar Tiwari, Ashok Kumar Patel, Dhananjay Kumar

The evaluation of oneself is known as self esteem (James 1890). A healthy self esteem is necessary for mental well being and positive self concept. Low self esteem is cause to prejudice and assumed that people lack with self esteem would be most prejudiced against others (Stephan and Rrosenfeild 1978). The present study is aimed to assess the self esteem (explicit and implicit) among students of different social categories. Total 300 participants (100 general, 100 OBC and 100 SC / SC) selected from UG/PG enrolled students of DDU Gorakhpur University and affiliated colleges. Findings of the study reveal that explicit self esteem was high in general category members and implicit self esteem was found higher in other backward category but marginal difference from general category and SC/ST category.

10

Authors: Mauli Elayati, Siti Nuzulia

Company always has to pay attention to the employee’s well being by giving organization support to their employees. Organization supports from the company will be perceived by the employee as general confidence of organization awareness to their well being. Less perceived organizational support for employee will lead to less working spirit and will make it harder to achieve maximum results. Some of the factors that could affect perceived organizational support for employees are reward justice and task oriented leadership behavior. This study tried to assess three hypotheses. The first hypothesis is there is a relationship between reward justice and task oriented leadership style toward perceived organizational support. The second hypothesis is there is a relationship between reward justice toward organizational support, and the third hypothesis is there is a relationship between task oriented leadership styles toward perceived organizational support. The results showed that simultaneously reward justice and task oriented leadership style together significantly affect perceived organizational support, so the hypothesis is confirmed. The coefficient value (R Square) is 0.433. This means that contribution of reward justice and task oriented leadership style toward perceived organizational support is 43.3 %. The second hypothesis is also confirmed. While the coefficient value of regression line variable equation of task oriented leadership style to perceived organizational support is -0.346. This means that, partially there is no significant negative impact between tasks oriented leadership style and perceived organizational support. The implication of this research result is that the involvement of officials and salaries is needed more and influential for employee, compared with the presence of the leader.

10

Authors: Nur Liyana Hannah, Binti Izham Akmal

Aim: To analyse the type of personalities among individuals of Saveetha Dental College. Objective: To find out the factors determining and distinguishing the type A and type B personality. Background: Personality refers to the combination of characteristic or qualities that build an individual distinctive character. People in this world are generalized into Type A and Type B personality. This study shows interest on the factor, which determine the Type A or B. This study also helps the individuals to know their personality type and the factors, which can improve their personality in a positive manner. A step is also planned in this study to motivate and guide the Type B personality individuals. Materials & Methods: The study was done as a questionnaire-based study among I BDS students of Saveetha Dental College. A total of 50 students participated in the survey. All the students were provided with a list of 9 personality-related questions with 2 answers given for each question. The students were told to choose only one out of the two answers that describes them the most. Result: The results from the study indicate any tendency of the individuals towards being a constanly stressed out Type A personality or the more relaxed and laid back Type B personality.[1]

10

Authors: Papia Saraf, Prof. C.G. Venkatesha Murthy

The dynamics of education system, especially at higher levels are undergoing change. Both the teacher and students face new challenges. As urban India becomes more westernized and individualistic, our hitherto strong social support systems are breaking. The student alone tries to adjust to the college life and also tries to meet high performance expectations. Some succeed and some do not. A sizable number of students succumb to the pressure and commit suicide also. On the other hand, the phenomenal advancement in technology has made means to acquire knowledge easily available. The student is no longer dependent on teacher only for information. He is also looking for the missing parent, mentor or friend in a teacher. The teacher takes on multiple roles to nurture young minds and steer human potential in the right direction. In this scenario the work orientation of the teacher and his well being levels assume importance. People's orientations to their work determine their thoughts, feelings, and behavior toward work. Most people view their work either as a Job (focus on financial rewards and viewing work as necessity that brings neither pleasure nor fulfillment;), a Career (focus on advancement and the resultant increase in social status), or a Calling (focus on enjoyment of fulfilling, socially useful work). This paper explores various facets of the calling work orientation and its consequent impact on well being in the field of education. It argues for a need to closely look at the reasons why teachers come into this profession. It also looks into the reasons why enhancing the well being of the teacher should be priority of the management, given the important role they play in nation building.

10

Authors: Mina Kafaei kivi, Dr Abdollah Motamedy

The aim of the present study is to investigate the relation between personality characteristics and general self-efficacy with successful and unsuccessful aging. In this research, 194 old people, who were members of Tehran’s Retired Staff Club of Education Ministry, were selected as the available sample. This population answered to Diner's life satisfaction and Goldberg's general health questionnaires; 30 people who had acquired the highest grades were selected as successful and the other 30 people who had acquired the lowest grades were selected as unsuccessful aged people. Personality characteristics and self-efficacy of these two groups were measured using Neo questionnaire and Shrer’s self-efficacy questionnaire. The obtained results were analyzed using T statistical tests, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression; the results showed a significant relation between personality characteristics and the feeling of self-efficacy between successful and unsuccessful aged people. The results of multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the two characteristics of neuroticism and conscientiousness could better predict the feeling of self-efficacy among aged people.

11

Authors: Dr. Priya Rajkumar, Dr. Dipti Christian

Prevalence of chewable tobacco among adolescents has multiplied incite of ban on tobacco products. The study compares personality characteristics of 275 male and female users of chewable tobacco (gutkha, kharra) between 12 to 18 years using catell’s high school personality questionnaire. Significant differences were seen in intelligence levels with female users scoring less on intelligence (3.35) than male users (3.81). F females scored higher in expediency and evasion of rules (9.34) than males (10.38) and also had lower levels of self discipline and control (9.72) as compared to males (10.50). Programs for tobacco cessation need to build trust and rapport at initiation stage, target female users keeping in mind their more assertive self image and incorporate meaningful unstructured activities for them.

11

Authors: Fatemeh Fayazbakhsh

Introduction: sexual performance is one of the important aspects of the quality of life which can be effected by various illnesses, among them kidney disease can be mentioned. Purpose: this study was performed with the goal of comparing the dimensions of the sexual performance in dialysis patients and normal people. Method: The current study is a kind of causal-comparative one in the realm of descriptive studies in the year 1392 on a sample of 60 individuals (N=60) in the format of four groups of men dialysis patients (n=15), women dialysis patients (n=15), and healthy men and women (each group 15 individuals) was performed. For the purpose of choosing the subjects the method of multi-stage cluster sampling was used, also to choose the control group with attention to the consistency factor first degree relatives of the patients were used. With attention to the nature of the study the method of gathering of the data was done by survey and to gather information questionnaires on erection function (IIEF, rate of responding=91%) and the questionnaire of the women's sexual function (FSFI, rate of responding=89%) was used. Also the quality datas resulting from the coding demographic evaluations and with the assistance of the quality datas analysis tools of Atlas TI 5,2 were analyzed. Findings: the results of the study showed that between the group of healthy women and dialytic women because of the variables related to the sexual performance, there is no meaningful difference (p>0/171), but between the healthy men and dialytic men with respect to dimensions of the mentioned variables meaningful difference was seen (p<0/0001). Conclusions: the findings of this study makes evident the need for psychological follow-ups and preparing the needed means for increasing the quality of this group of the society is evident more than before.

11

Authors: Leila Mohaddeth Shakouri Ganjavi

Objective: since transition from adolescence is accompanied by different types of stress and adolescents are more vulnerable due to physical, psychological and social matters, the present research was aimed to study the effectiveness of training of spiritual intelligence components on depression, anxiety, stress and self-esteem of adolescents. Methodology: the present research was conducted in the first half of the academic year 2014-2015. Moreover, it was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest that used control group. Hence 40 of high school male students in Tehran were selected using convenience sampling method and located in experimental group and control group randomly (n=20). Both the groups were pretested using demographic questionnaire, and scale of depression, anxiety and stress DASS-42, Rozenberg's self-esteem scale. Afterwards, the experimental groups were trained for 8 sessions under training of spiritual intelligence components and the control group received no intervention. In the following, both the groups were post-tested and the obtained data were analyzed using inferential and descriptive statistical methods accompanied by SPSS21 software. Findings: the findings indicated that training of spiritual intelligence components significantly reduces depression, anxiety, stress and increases self-esteem in adolescents. Conclusion: it can be concluded from the present research that due to the high level of effectiveness of training of spiritual intelligence components, its low cost and its high acceptability by the adolescents, especially when it is performing in group, it had a great positive impact on reduction of depression, anxiety and stress in adolescents.

11

Authors: Dr. K. Vijayalakshmi

Background and Aim: Successful management of major mental illness in the community relies significantly on an informal or non-professional network of caregivers and their wellbeing. The family is major source of support of mentally ill patients. The needs and experiences of such caregivers have been little studied with respect to major mental disorders. Care of these patients leads to considerable amount of stress and frustration resulting in depression among caregivers. The aim of the present study was to identify the depression among caregivers of patients with severe mental illness and factors associated with Depression. Methods and Materials: A descriptive correlational design was used for the study. The sample comprised of 200 caregivers of patients (Schizophrenic patients – 59 and patients with affective disorders - 141) from psychiatric in patient and the outpatient clinic of Department of psychiatry, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Nepal. Samples were selected using purposive sampling technique. Caregivers were screened for depression using 5 items - Center for Epidemiological studies- Depression scale (CES- D) through personal interview. Results: With regard to Prevalence of Depression among caregivers of Mentally ill patients, 42.5% of caregivers are depressed. In terms of factors associated with depression among caregivers, findings revealed that, Depressive scores were significantly higher in caregivers of female patients, Patients with low socio economic status (Monthly family income < 10000/), patients from rural background and schizophrenia. Caregivers who were illiterates had severe depression than the educated caregivers. Conclusion: Mental Health Professional play vital role in screening caregivers for depression, and implementing family intervention in order to reduce depression and cope effectively while taking care of the patients.

11

Authors: Arash Jelodari, Samira Ghidari

The current study was conducted with the aim of examining the confirmatory factor structure of the revised Persian version of self-compassion rating scale among a group of male prisoners of Sepidar prison of Ahvaz. One hundred and seventy-eight male prisoners were selected using convenient sampling method among male prisoners and completed RPVSC and GHQ-11-item. The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed 6 factors. The Cronbach's α coefficient for the entire scale was .91, for the 6 factors was from .77 to .92 and its convergent validity with the General Health Questionnaire was -.45 and for the 6 subscales with the GHQ was calculated from -.28 to -.48. Finally, the self-compassion scale can be used as a validated instrument in assessing aspects of self-compassion in male prisoners population.

11

Authors: Pamella Sylvia Ann Kelasi

Aim: To find out the relation between the types of learning and memory. Objective: To conclude that the types of learning relates to short term and long term memory. Background and Reason: Memory is the ability to encode, store, retain and subsequently recall information and past experiences in the human brain. Individuals differ in their level of memory. Its really fascinating to know the uniqueness in their memory. So the reason behind this research is to find out the uniqueness and methods followed by the individuals in their learning process. This study can also help in giving ideas to improve the memory and thus learning methods among individuals.

11

Authors: Matin HassanzadehMoghaddam, Dr Javad Khalatbari

The study aim was to investigate Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) EMDR therapy on children with post-traumatic disorder (PTSD) in traffic accidents. The research population consists of children 7-11 years old in Tehran city who are surviving serious traffic accidents in 2014 that after screening 20 patients selected as sample who had the highest prevalence PTSD and divided into two groups of 10 patients randomly that the first group, called control group and second group was experimental group. The tools used in the study were anxiety depression scale and 42- DASS stress scale that had good convergent and discriminative validity and reliability by Cronbach's alpha for the subscales depression, anxiety and stress at an acceptable level 0.91, 0.84 and 0.84 calculated, respectively. At first, 42- DASS test performed in the experimental and control group and then experimental group treated by Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing therapy (EMDR), re-test in both groups was performed, and the results were analyzed. However, there is no significant difference between the two groups in terms of anxiety. As a result, it stated that EMDR therapy has been effective on depression and stress in children with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

11

Authors: Kiran N C, C. G. Venkatesha Murthy

The present paper has attempted to present a review of issues concerning the education of the gifted children. It has presented concerns and the essence of different models of giftedness and raised issues about the assessment of giftedness. It also has proposed different components of academic task commitment, derived from Renzulli’s Three Ring Model and defined them apart from identifying different components they have. It has also presented the gifted programs in India which is an assorted attempt. It has identified gaps and proposed agenda for the imminent future.

12

Authors: Nurul Afiqah Amani Binti Zaaba

Emotional Intelligence (EI) is a capability that every person has, which is related with emotions and feelings. Generally, it is capability of individuals to know their own emotions and how to handle them properly. In fact, emotional intelligence is very essential for an individual to achieve success and happiness in life. It need to be handled carefully, especially during the period of adolescent and teenagers, because in this stage a person learns lots of new things and gain experience from it. Thus, they are able to build a good personality and even a better future for themselves.

12

Authors: Jayashree Sanghani, Saroj Arya

In the present educational system, students face a lot of pressure, stress and expectation from self and others which leads to experiencing negative emotions. These factors hinder children’s all round development and scholastic achievement leading to low subjective well-being and poor life satisfaction. Hence, there is a need to foster positive emotions. A critical overview has been done on the role of Positive Psychology Interventions in enhancing positive emotions of the students in experiencing well-being, and satisfaction. School psychology has been focusing on addressing the problem and providing solutions. Experiencing positive emotions is more important for accomplishment and well-being than the absence of negative emotions. The essence of Positive Psychology Interventions is to remove what is wrong and bring in what is strong, by fostering positive factors important for flourishing and accomplishment. Research has shown that Positive Psychology Interventions are significantly related to student well-being which can augment life satisfaction.

13

Authors: Prabhakararao Sampathirao

One of the main things impacted by our self-concept and our self-esteem is our communication with other people. Self-concept, self image, self-esteem self efficacy are major factors in the way we communicate. Whether we are introverts or extroverts that can be seen in the way we communicate with others. Communication becomes smooth when we become part of it. People with high self esteem are confident, responsible, committed to goals, genuine and forgiving. An artificially inflated self-esteem is an effort to appear to have high self-esteem. However, such individuals don't typically show the characteristics of people with high self-esteem. Whereas low esteemed people insecure, unhappy and impatient. An artificially inflated self-esteem is an effort to appear to have high self-esteem. However, such individuals don't typically show the characteristics of people with high self-esteem. There are certain ways improve ones self-esteem. Development of a relationship is closely related to systematic self-disclosure. General personality traits such as quietness, shyness, and reticence frequently precipitate Communication Apprehension. Prevention and treatment methods of communication apprehension are now available.

13

Authors: Dr Bindu Menon K

Study of Personality has been a fascinating experience for Psychologists and researchers worldwide. Although Personality has been studied in a number of ways, the focus to unveil the complexities of human mind and behaviour with a single theory persists. Some theories explain the basic origins and makeup of personality, whereas others focuses on specific issues like influence of gene on Personality and how people differ in their behaviour according to varying situations in life. As the Western psychological concepts and methods are not found very relevant with respect to different cultures; the need for developing indigenous Psychological assessment is recognised and the concept of Prakriti from Ayurveda-the Indian medical wisdom is emphasised here. Ayurveda- the Science of Life has unique method of classifying human population based on individual constitution called Prakriti. This classification indicates constitution-physiological strength, weaknesses, mental nature and susceptibility to diseases. Charaka Samhitha, Ayurvedic classical text phrases how hereditary factors, intrauterine environment, post natal factors and socio cultural components influences Prakriti .This paper focuses on analysing studies of Personality made in the field of Psychology and to explore Ayurvedic Prakriti - a multidimensional approach to study different facets of human personality and its application in governing of health.

13

Authors: Samaneh Mohamadpour, Azita Pouyanfar, Zeinab Najar, Hasan Jafari, Soheila Rahmani

Background and objectives: The aim of this study was examining the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive group therapy on the quality of life and hope in the patients with coronary heart disease. Methods: The present study was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up with control group. To fulfill the study, 30 patients were selected randomly and were assigned into experimental (n = 15) and control groups (n = 15). To collect the data, participants of both groups completed demographic information sheet, MacNew Heart Disease Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire and Miller Hope Scale, respectively of coronary heart disease questionnaire at pre-test, post-test and follow-up (2 months after the intervention). Participants of experimental group received eight 90-minute intervention sessions. Results: The results of the multivariate covariance analysis with repeated measures showed that mean score quality of life(P<0.05), hope (P<0.001) in participants of the experimental group had a significant difference compared to the participants of the control group at post-test and follow-up. Conclusion: results showed that mindfulness - based stress reduction treatment can be effective in improving life quality and hope in coronary heart disease. Implication for further research and possible clinical applications are discussed.

14

Authors: Dr. Nishat Afroz

The purpose of the study was to identify and compare the emotional intelligence, general well-being and social support of working and non-working Muslim women and to find out the relationship between emotional intelligence, general well-being and social support of Muslim women. Sample of the study comprised of 80 females subjects divided into two groups. One group was consisted of 40 working females from teaching profession and other group was consisted of 40 non-working females i.e., housewives. All subjects were belonged to Muslim religion and were drawn from the city of Varanasi. Data have been analysed by using descriptive analysis, t-test, and coefficient of correlation. Findings indicated that working and non-working Muslim females did not differ on any of the scale i.e., emotional intelligence, general well-being and social-support.

15

Authors: Ramanpreet Kaur, Anantdeep Kaur

Recent research in consumer psychology has tried to understand consumer behavior as influenced by society, media and needs of an individual. This paper draws on the empirical evidence that suggests that feelings of insecurity correlate with materialistic tendencies, and that materialistic people are less happy in relationships. The role of relationship satisfaction and narcissism in bringing materialistic tendencies to the fore in an individual has been examined in countless studies across the globe. It is understood that the materialists who seek happiness in possessions, not people, also exhibit narcissism along with relationship dissatisfaction and it is also established that unhappy people make good consumers. This paper throws light on how one’s relationship with their spouse can fuel materialistic desires in an individual and how narcissistic individuals seek external validation through consumption and show-off.

15

Authors: Dr. Kedar Shukla, Ashish Singh

‘Job satisfaction’ describes how content an individual is with his or her job. It is a relatively recent term since in previous centuries the jobs available to a particular person were often predetermined by the occupation of that person’s parent. There are a variety of factors that can influence a person’s level of job satisfaction. Some of these factors include the level of pay and benefits, the perceived fairness of the promotion system within a company, the quality of the working conditions, leadership, supervisions and social relationships, the job itself (the variety of tasks involved, the interest and challenge the job generates, and the clarity of the job description/requirements). The happier people are within their job, the more satisfied they are said to be. Job satisfaction is often misunderstood same as motivation, although it is clearly linked. Job design aims to enhance job satisfaction and performance methods include job rotation, job enlargement and job enrichment. Other influences on satisfaction include the management style and culture, employee involvement, empowerment and autonomous workgroups. Job satisfaction is a very important attribute which is frequently measured by organizations. In the present research paper authors have tried to conduct a study on the factors that affect, on employees job satisfaction, of a particular industry and a company. Study also attempt to measure the job satisfaction levels on the various selected factor. For research study M/s Banswara Garments (A Unit of Banswara Syntex Ltd),Daman has been chosen, The rational for selecting the same is , the company has approximately 950 employees, and HR department observed that the attrition rate of workers have been increasing since last 3 years. Company wanted to conduct a research on job satisfaction which have never been done before as a part process of worker behaviour which increasing attrition rate.

16

Authors: Rajendra Kumar Sharma, Dr. Bhupender Singh, Supriya Sharma

The objective of the study was to assess the impact of cognitive behavior intervention in enhancing the quality of life in individuals with amputation. Methods: A sample of 100 patients with specified inclusion –exclusion criteria was selected and sequentially allotted (fifty each in experimental n=50 and control n = 50) groups. An experimental design with pre-and post –assessment was adopted. Assessment was done using Socio – demographic and clinical data sheet, World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale- Brief Version (WHOQOL). A cognitive–behavioral intervention programme was developed incorporating psycho education, behavioral techniques (e.g., relaxation, activity scheduling), cognitive techniques (e.g. distraction, cognitive restructuring) and behavioral counseling to significant others. Results: showed that on QOL was observed using the WHOQOL-BREF.QOL among the experimental group significant enhancements in Physical health domain, Psychological domain, Social domain, Environmental domain, overall QOL and overall health indicates that there significant improvement in QOL. There were no such changes in the Health habits subscale.

19

Authors: Spriha Mukherjee

Music has been observed to hold immense importance in lives of human being from the time of its inception. It turned out to be a blessing in the attire of a magnificent form of an art. Music held ground in man's life in various ways, such as for its ability to heal, entertain, means of communication, expression of emotions etc. It has been found to add significant changes in the way a society works. In early times music was used as a means of communication, people would play drums or any other instruments to collect or gather crowd with the purpose of conveying any message. During events and festivals it was regarded to be a pious act to play musical instruments, not only from the point of view of entertainment but also it was based on the belief that music purifies the vibration in any particular environment. Even it has been used to symbolize various emotions during early ages.

24

Authors: Rajkishor Chaudhary, Gaukaran Janghel

Education brings knowledge and it is an important part of human development education is the natural, harmonious and progressive development of man’s innate powers. From the reviewed studies, the studies on educational needs aspects focused on Enhancing Communication Skills, Enhancing Social skills, Studies on Retrospective focused in this purpose we are searches in the published and non-published article and research paper from different journals, books, and online database. In this studies total of 11 studies have been reviewed and discussed to obtain an understanding of the area under consideration. Among them 3 studies are related to educational needs aspects, 3 studies related to communication need, 4 studies related to Retrospective aspects. Out of 11 studies 3 of the studies were Indian and 9 of the studies were foreign studies.

33

Authors: Mukundan C. R.

Emotion is the most subtle as well as complex psychological experience and expression, seen in living beings. Emotion serves the survival needs of living beings and it may be considered the force of life, without which the living being cannot have responses and actions. Emotion is acquired as an experience and one learns to not only experience by but also become aware of it, and semantically express it through personal cognitive appraisals. Such cognitive appraisals render emotions as facilitating or debilitating experiences, creating positive and negative effects on experience and the expression of emotions. Cognitive appraisals help provide multiples of labels for the emotional experiences and their expressions, depending on the specific contexts, and their effects on the self and others. Happiness within certain range is found to be the only emotion, which may not be associated with any personal gain, when the subjective feeling may be mixed with tears, but without grief. The most important role of emotion is that it serves as the drive for living, acting, and achieving goals in life. Flight and fight responses may be triggered without perception and awareness of an emotion provoking stimulus, when emotional responses may be triggered from memory of experiences. All other responses and actions require emotional arousal and the efficiency of performance is function of the complexity of the task and the drive employed. Neurogenesis of actions takes place when emotional arousal reaches certain critical level of potentiation (CLP), even though awareness of initiation of action may not be present. Learning to control and adjust emotional arousal is therefore, the most important need for gaining self-controls for responding to situations in the most appropriate manner and working for achieving goals. Learning self-control of emotional arousal is an important aspect of social conditioning, which helps them to perform and behave in socially accepted manner, safe guarding, and preserving the social values of the society. Large areas of the frontal cortex are engaged in the inhibitory control of emotional responses and performance of the sensory-motor systems of the brain. Response inhibition ability is a critically important aspect of socialization process, which each growing infant needs to acquire during the neurodevelopmental stages. Acquisition of such controls on the deployment of emotional arousal facilitates each person learn to use emotional arousal intelligently and in socially approved manner for expressing and achieving the best performance.