The International Journal of Indian Psychology

5

Authors: Ahmed M. S. Alduais1*

Purpose: To briefly introduce base component of transformational generative grammar (TGG). Method: The study is mainly descriptive where previous and related studies are reviewed and presented to reach a view about the base component of TGG. Results: Base component serves as input to two basic elements of language which are semantic rules and deep structure. Semantic rules give semantic representation. Deep structure leads to transformational rules or transformations which again lead to surface structure. Conclusions: Base component has been introduced and modified in different stages under standard theory (ST) and then it has been modified to extended standard theory (EST). Later on and as a recent modification of this theory, it has been introduced in terms of what is known in nowadays as revised extended standard theory (REST).

6

Authors: Gupta, S1*, Singh, B2

Internet is a worldwide, decentralized network of hundreds and thousands of computers linked to each other through satellites orbiting in the space. Presently internet is not only limited to computers but also includes millions of people who are connected to each other through the internet. It has emerged as a major source of communication. On the one hand it has helped lets millions of people to express themselves and communicate with people separated by millions of kilometers; on the other hand it makes people dependent. The advent of computers has given birth to a new form of addiction called internet addiction. The symptoms of internet addiction not only resemble the symptoms substance addiction but also are equally harmful. The severity of internet addiction has made American Psychological Association include it into the appendices of DSM-V. Lot of research has been initiated to see the variables playing a vital role in the development of internet addiction. As the family is the most significant unit in every individual’s life, so the present study aims to see the relationship between family climate and internet addiction.

6

Authors: Uzaina1*, Dr. Asma Parveen2

It is estimated that around 20 per cent of the world’s adolescents have a mental health or behavioral problem. The prevalence of mental disorders among adolescents has increased in the past 20–30 years; the increase is attributed to disrupted family structures, and families’ unrealistic educational and vocational aspirations for their children. Assertive communication is the skill to speak and communicate in a manner that respects and look upon the rights and opinions of others while also standing up for your own rights, needs and personal boundaries. The purpose of the researchers was to find the relationship between mental health and level of assertiveness among adolescents. 80 college going students were randomly selected as the sample for research from Amity University Lucknow. Rathus assertiveness scale and Mental Health Inventory by Srivastava A. were used for assessing assertiveness and mental health among adolescents. Analysis was done using t-test to find gender differences among adolescents and Pearson r was used for assessing relation between both the variables. The result showed no significant gender difference among adolescents on assertiveness and mental health, but both the genders were found to be low assertive. Insignificant correlation was found on both the variables among adolescents.

7

Authors: Gayatri Hegde1*, Pavitra Kalmane Sridhara2, Handigol Anand3

Alcohol dependence is related with multiple etiological factors and one among those is personality of the individual. This study was undertaken to explore the relationship between type of personality and alcohol addiction. Samples of 30 patients who have been admitted for de addiction were taken for the study. Socio demographic proforma, alcohol history proforma, CAGE questionnaire and Eysenck Personality Inventory were administered. It was found that significantly high number of patients with alcohol dependence syndrome had ambivert (76.6%) and neurotic (70%) personality. There were very few introverts (3.3%) and none of them had mentally well balanced personality. Clinical and research implications of the study are discussed.

7

Authors: Vaniprabha G. V1, S. G. Jadhav2

Suicidal behaviour and Depression among the 100 Female and 100 Male Commercial Sex Workers (CSW’S) and their mode of suicide was studied. Interpersonal therapy was initiated to lower their Depression and Suicidal behaviour. Despite the difference in the suicidal attempts among these population A 8 weeks’ therapy and 6 month follow up lowered their Depression and no further suicide attempts. This study explored these factors among this population in Bengaluru, India

8

Authors: Bilal Kaloo1*, Tanveera Ali2

An established fact is that in any armed conflict the bulk of the sufferers include women and children world-wide. The experience and exposure of children to violent incidents hampers their well being. Trauma caused by such violent incidents becomes threatening if not addressed properly and on timely basis. The role of family, community and other stake holders to relieve traumatized children in strengthening their coping mechanism is imperative. Teachers including school personnel usually develop trusting relationships with children and parents .Teachers may allocate time to deal with traumatic experiences, model the children’s responses, reinforce emerging coping skills and help children to resume normal life. Committed and trained teachers may turn out to be excellent mediators to provide mental health relief to large groups of children affected by trauma. This literature review analyses the importance and effectiveness of teacher-mediated psychosocial preventive interventions among children traumatized in the context of armed conflicts (war, military violence, and terrorism). Each child reacts differently to the impact of armed conflict. Their response depends on their age, gender, personality type, personal and family history, cultural background and experience, as well as on the nature and duration of the event. Stress can reveal itself in a wide range of symptoms, including increased separation anxiety, developmental delays, sleep disturbances, nightmares, flashbacks, decreased appetite, withdrawn behavior, and a lack of interest in play. Younger children can have learning difficulties; older children and adolescents can show anxious or aggressive behavior and depression. Parents, teachers and community networks must be mobilized to provide the continuity, trust and stability children need for recovery. This paper explains how important is the teacher mediated intervention in reaching out to children affected by trauma in conflict situations. Methodologically: Apart from the related literature review, the paper contains inferences from authors experience while working as mental health counselor in Kashmir, India.

9

Authors: Sudipta Kumar Behera1*, Ratna Dhar2, Dipak K. Adak1

Level of deprivation was examined in three individual groups in a border village namely, Kalmati in Dinhata Block-II, District Cooch Behar, West Bengal, which is situated in Indo-Bangladesh border. The village has three distinct geographical features – Group- 1) hamlets inside village kalmati, Group- 2) hamlets ahead of fence in Kalmati but situated before Bangladesh border and Group- 3) hamlets situated in erstwhile Bangladesh Chhitmahalsin side Kalmati. The sample consists of 346 subjects. Out of which, 123 samples belong to Group-1, 103 belong to Group-2 and rest i.e. 120 samples belong to Group- 3. The individuals fail to organise from adequate resources of physical, social, mental and emotional support from their immediate environment and society at large. Prolonged deprivation from the said facilities affects adversely physical growth as well as mental health of three individual groups. This was measured by Prolonged Deprivation Scale (PDS). The 15 areas of deprivation of PDS were analysed. The profiles differ significantly in some of the cases. Though the percentage of higher level of deprivation is similar in three groups, percentages of lower levels of deprivation differ among each other.

9

Authors: Sushma Kotnala1*

The major aim of the study was to find out spiritual intelligence among graduate students. A total of 60 students; 30 males and 30 female students were selected using non probability purposive sampling technique. The age range of all the subjects was between 19-24 years. All the subjects were assessed on the Spiritual Intelligence Self Report Inventory (SISRI- 24) to analyze the spiritual intelligence of both the groups of students. Descriptive analysis of the data was done to obtain Mean and Standard Deviation. Independent sample t-test was used to find out the significant difference between the performance of boys and girls on different spiritual dimension. The findings of the study revealed that there is no significant difference between male and female students on Conscious State Expansion, Critical Existential Thinking, Personal Meaning Production and Transcendental Awareness of Spiritual Intelligence Self Report Inventory (SISRI-24). The study concluded that there is no gender difference on spiritual intelligence.

11

Authors: Ruchi Singh1*

The 21st century is full of stress because people face so many problems in dealing with different aspects of their life. Spiritual people perform some spiritual practices for attaining psychological well-being, mental peace, and different types of healings and for many other purposes. The main aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between spiritual practices and psychological well-being among Hindus. Spiritual practices positively affect psychological well-being. In the present study, Spiritual Practices Scale-Hindus (SPS-H) developed by Singh and Husain (2015) and Psychological Well-being Scale developed by Prakash and Bhogle (1995) were administered on 204 Hindus (127 male and 77 female). They were drawn from different temples situated in Aligarh and Agra districts of U.P. Data was analysed by using Pearson Product Moment Correlation to examine the relationship between the obtained scores of Hindus on the spiritual practices and psychological well-being scales. The main finding of this study was that the relationship between spiritual practices and psychological well-being was found to be strongly positive among Hindu.

13

Authors: Nikhat Kaura1*, Dr Roopali Sharma2

Family plays a very prominent and important role in an adolescent’s life. Adolescents may encounter rejections and subsequently develop the feeling of loneliness. The study aims to investigate loneliness and locus of control among adolescents belonging to joint and nuclear families. A total of 120 adolescents (males=60; females=60) in age range of 15-17 years residing in nuclear and joint families. Locus of Control Scale Indian Adaptation of Levensons Scale (Vohra, 1992) and Perceived Loneliness Scale (Jha, 1997) were administered to the participants. Analysis of variance revealed that the adolescents belonging to nuclear and joint families significantly differed on loneliness score. Results indicated that there was no difference between powerful others, chance control (external factors) and adolescents in nuclear and joint families, and individual control (internal factors) and adolescents in nuclear and joint families. Hence, it can be concluded that adolescents in nuclear families were lonelier as compared to adolescents in joint families. The study also shows that adolescents residing in joint families possessed higher internal locus of control whereas adolescents from nuclear families had higher external locus of control.