The International Journal of Indian Psychology

6

Authors: Sana Shafi, Dr. Touseef Rizvi

Stress is the extent to which individuals perceive that their demands exceed their ability to cope. Stressful events in an external or internal environment of a person can result in illness or suffering if there is failure to adapt oneself to change. The amount of stress that young adults face nowadays is very high. Due to strain of studies, the constant worrying about job availability and general lifestyle changes, a large increase in suicidal attempts has been seen. But even in these dire circumstances, there seems to be a buffering role of religiosity against stress in the young adults. The present research venture was aimed to study the relation between perceived stress, suicidal ideation and religiosity among young adults. The sample consisted of 60 young adults (students) taken from various colleges from different parts of the Kashmir valley. The results of the study revealed that there was positive correlation between perceived stress and suicidal ideation, negative correlation between perceived stress and religiosity and no correlation between religiosity and suicidal ideation among young adults.

6

Authors: Nuzhat Firdous

War damages the very fabric of the society. It not only damages its physical structure but also disrupts its entire social tissue, its environment and the normal routine of life for which people account several reasons. Kashmir has been witnessing a chronic socio-political unrest for the last 2½ decades now. The conflict has had an enormous impact on different aspects of Kashmir’s society. Indeed, there has been a colossal damage to the property and infrastructure; however, its impact can be felt nowhere more than on the mental health of the people of Kashmir. Deliberating upon the human suffering, the conflict has not only left thousands dead and orphaned, unleashed and unmitigated violence on women and children, but the alarming increase in the psychiatric morbidity in general, is among the worst possible forms of suffering. This paper thus attempts to give an up-to-date description of the current mental health scenario and ensuing physiological and behavioural implications among the people of Kashmir. Database for this review included PubMed, medIND, Google scholar, and a number of reputed dailies. The studies reviewed have been published in peer reviewed journals, featuring the socio-political chaos in kashmir and its overall effect on the fate-bitten residents.

8

Authors: Dr. Ishita Chatterjee, Sravasti Dey

One of the advantages, the Indian Industries had, was the quality combined with low cost. In recent years, this advantage is waning away because of the invasion of World market by cheaper products from China (Seetharama, 2012). This challenge can be overcome by producing quality products at reduced costs, which in turn requires faster and efficient design, manufacturing methods and effective managers for monitoring. Cognitive style is described as the way individuals imagine, perceive, distinguish, recognize, think and remember information (Rishipal, 2012). It is a persisting habitual pattern of perceptual and intellectual activity. With the help of cognitive styles an individual acquires knowledge (cognition) and processes information (conceptualization).

8

Authors: Shweta Bhatt, Dr. Nidhi Kesari

It is evident since ages that gender discrimination is a common feature in all societies. Even in developed countries, the prejudices and obstacles that women have had to encounter and surmount seem almost identical. The peculiar stigma attached to women all over the world is based on religious bias. “Woman” is depicted as a temptress and is warned against in almost all religions of the world. Woman's basic stigma therefore originates in religion. The Rig Veda says, “The wife and husband, being the equal halves of one substance, are equal in every respect; therefore, both should join and take equal parts in all works, religious and secular.” The Upanishads clearly declare that we individual souls are neither male nor female. Rig Veda clearly proclaims that women should be given the lead in ruling the nation and in society, and that they should have the same right as sons over the father’s property. “The entire world of noble people bows to the glory of the glorious woman so that she enlightens us with knowledge and foresight. She is the leader of society and provides knowledge to everyone. She is symbol of prosperity and daughter of brilliance. May we respect her so that she destroys the tendencies of evil and hatred from the society. In ancient India, women occupied a very important position, in fact a superior position to, men. It is a culture whose only words for strength and power are feminine -"Shakti'' means "power'' and "strength.'' All male power comes from the feminine. Literary evidence suggests that kings and towns were destroyed because a single woman was wronged by the state. For example, Valmiki's Ramayana teaches us that Ravana and his entire clan were wiped out because he abducted Sita. Veda Vyasa's Mahabharatha teaches us that all the Kauravas were killed because they humiliated Draupadi in public. Elango Adigal's Sillapathigaram teaches us Madurai, the capital of the Pandyas was burnt because Pandyan Nedunchezhiyan mistakenly killed her husband on theft charges.

10

Authors: Seyyedeh Samera Hoseini, Leili Panaghi, Mojtaba Habibi, Jaber Davoodi, Mani B. Monajemi

Background: Child Birth can play a major role in parents’ mental status and though it is considered as cherished event, it can dramatically jeopardize mental state of parents. Thus, we conducted this paper in order to study the relation between social support and marital satisfaction and couples’ depression after the birth of the first child. Methods: Statistical population was consisted of 75 couples (parents). They were assessed via Edinburgh Postnatal Depression scale, marital satisfaction (ENRICH) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Results: Regression analysis showed that there was a significant and inverse relationship between social support and depression among men and women after childbirth. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between marital satisfaction and depression among men and women after childbirth. In addition, social support and marital satisfaction can be explained by the predictive role ofdepression in men after childbirth. But only social support can be predictive for explaining depression in women after childbirth. Conclusion: Thus, inadequate social support and low marital satisfaction can put couples at risk of postpartum depression.

10

Authors: Mojtaba Habibi, Mahnaz Kazemi, Nikzad Ghanbari, Mani B. Monajemi

Background and Aim: Patients with depression disorders impose annually huge costs on their families and society. With a meticulous glance to the literature, lack of sufficient studies regarding Alexithymia and Types C and D Personalities are obvious. Thus, the aim of current study is investigation the relationship of Alexithymia with Types C and D Personalities in depressed individuals. Materials and Method: Current study through descriptive-correlation analysis examines the relationship between the mentioned variables on a sample of 150 patients. This sample was selected via simple random sampling method among all the depressed people in city of Tehran (as the statistical population) who in years 2012-2013 had visited treatment and diagnostic centers. The sample patients were asked to answer Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) (1974), Denollet Type D Personality Questionnaire (1998), Torento-Alexithymia Scale 20 (TAS- 20) (Bagby, Parker & Taylor, 1994). The obtained data were analyzed using bivariate regression analysis and Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results: Findings demonstrated significant relationship between Alexithymia and Type C personality, but there was not significant relationship between Alexithymia and D personality type. In addition, there was no significant difference in terms of personality types between two genders, but women acquired higher score in Alexithymia and Type C personality than men. Conclusion: With respect to research results, close relationship between mood and personality was noticed and women had high vulnerability comparing to men. On this basis, it is necessary for clinicians to implement specific therapy measures to decrease Alexithymia in women.

14

Authors: Moradi Qahderijani, Mahboubeh, Karami, Fatemeh, Norouzi, Mohsen

Application of psychological principles for promoting the quality of education is a scientific method. High quality and proper education is not possible without considering individual differences and understanding individuals’ states and traits, whether students or teachers. This study has been conducted to examine the relationship between personality dimensions and mental health of high school students. The statistical population of the study consisted of all high school students in Falavarjan city from which a sample of 100 individuals were selected. They were then studied through (NEO) Personality Inventory and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The findings of the study have been analyzed and they were reported as descriptive statistics and correlational study by SPSS software. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between personality dimensions and general health of high school female students in Falavarjan city.

15

Authors: Afsaneh Akhani, Mojtaba Habibi, Zahra Izadikhah, Mani B. Monajemi, Nina Jamshinejad

Objective: The aim of current study was to investigate the interaction between factors such as personality, catastrophizing, mood disturbance and disease severity, which may affect the quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis. The result of this study can identify the factors that have an impact on quality of life among these patients and hopefully it may lead to improve the services provided for these patients. Design: One hundred and thirteen participants with multiple sclerosis completed the following questionnaires: Type D Personality (DS-14), Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HADS), Illness Perception (Brief-IPQ) and Quality of Life (SF-36). The Expanded Disability Statue Scale (EDSS) assessed disease severity. Main Outcome Measures: Data was analyzed in structural equation modeling. Results: Type D personality was associated with quality of life and the relationship was mediated by disease severity, catastrophizing and mood status. Conclusion: Results showed a significant relationship between Type D personality and QOL. However, when the variables were added to the model, the relationship ceased to exist. These results suggest that personality traits are indirectly associated with QOL, mediated by another variable.

16

Authors: Dr K Parameswaran

Law and psychology have a deep connection. Its connections come from various common elements between them. Three common elements that stand out among others bear a complementary impact between law and psychology. They are; ‘adherence’ to law and legal system by society, ‘understanding’ the needs of society by State Legislature, and finally pedagogical methods in legal education whereby legal ‘knowledge’ is transferred to law-students in society. All three common elements namely ‘adherence, understanding and knowledge’ have psychological dimensions affecting divergent roles and functions of law. However, the important role played by legal pedagogy among these three elements is crucial as legal ‘knowledge’ shapes the other two elements namely ‘adherence and understanding’. Legal knowledge when transferred through effective legal pedagogy enhances ‘adherence’ to law and legal system by society and ‘understanding’ for the State of its legislative duties. Through this, nobler goals of legal education as well as Constitutional functions of State and its legislature are also fulfilled. This article explores the interface between law and psychology by analysing the psychology of legal pedagogy, its effective steps to lead law, life and society towards peace, progress, prosperity and stability through law-teaching.