Scientific Journal of Astana IT University

14-23

Authors: Ye. Golenko, A. Ismailova, Ye. Rais

The bottom-up proteomics approach (also known as the shotgun approach), based on the digestion of proteins in peptides and their sequencing using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), has become widespread. The identification of peptides from the obtained MS/MS data is most often done using available sequence databases. This paper presents a detailed overview of the peptide identification workflow and a description of the main protein bioinformatics databases. Choosing the correct search parameters and the sequence database is essential to the success of this method, and we pay special attention to the practical aspects of searching for efficient analysis of MS/MS spectra. We also consider possible reasons why database search tools cannot find the correct sequence for some MS/MS spectra and highlight the misidentification issues that can significantly reduce the value of published data. To help assess the assignment of peptides to MS/MS spectra, we will look at the scoring algorithms that are used in the most popular database search tools. We also analyze statistical methods and computational tools for validating peptide compliance with MS/MS data. The final part describes the process of determining the identity of protein samples from a list of peptide identifications and discusses the limitations of bottom-up proteomics.

34-40

Authors: Zh. Sarsenova, Sh. Saimassayeva, A. Smaiyl

This article discusses the impact of suspended particles on human health, by providing small definitions of PM2.5, including how they appear, what particles they consist of, and how they harm the respiratory and circulatory systems. In addition, the analysis of the pollution level of the city of Almaty for the last three years from March 22, 2017, to October 6, 2020, with categorical intermediate values of suspended particles was carried out. Careful work was done with the SCV file such as data was skipped in the cells, that is, there were empty values; translation to a single data type; filling in empty cells. It also considers making a decision on the six categories provided to identify the average meeting categories. The authors identified specific categories based on digital readings of values received from sensors, where each category has its own verbal values that are understandable for each person. The indicator displays with weights as a graph for a specific Seifullin-Dulatov sensor location with categorical and without categorical division. Then for each intersection or location of the sensors is shown in a table. It is also revealed which level or category is the rarest among the others and the most common category as well.

49-57

Authors: S. Stetsenko, L. Sorokina, A. Goiko, T. Tsyfra, N. Bolila

This paper considers the pecularities of the formation of econmic immunity of construction companies. A system has been proposed to improve the mechanisms of preventive protection and securement of enterprises from loss of viability and subsequent self-liquidation or bankruptcy, which allows effectively identifying existing risks and threats from micro-, meso- and macro-environments and responding to them with the preventive means through economic immunity. A new definition for the term «economic immunity» of the enterprise is proposed, which includes subsystems of monitoring, early detection of internal and external threats, assessment of the degree of danger (risks), defusion, elimination or neutralization, and formation of «memory» of the threat through a system of indicators. The differences of economic indicators of construction enterprises, which are characterized by different levels of the anti-crisis potential use, are studied, the five most significant indicators of the use of the anti-crisis potential are identified. The rules-conditions for determining the level of activation of anti-crisis opportunities and vulnerability of enterprises to threats for economic security are formulated. Methods of identification and control of the level of anticrisis potential use of the construction enterprise in the context of digital transformation which allows estimating quality and expediency of administrative actions are developed. The formation mechanism of the anti-crisis potential of the construction enterprise is developed. Its structure is defined, conceptual foundations of the integrated information system creation of the construction enterprise that should provide the possibility of interaction of various subsystems within the enterprise and the analysis of threats from interaction with various stakeholders are substantiated.

67-76

Authors: Ye. Kazantseva, G. Danenova

The urban agglomeration is a multitude of united settlements according to economic, labor, cultural, household, and recreational characteristics. Agglomeration is perceived as an integral territorial union; therefore, it is essential to consider it in the framework of the “smart city” paradigm. All movements of the population within the agglomeration, despite the seeming chaos, can be presented systematically and identified certain patterns. These regularities will optimize the city’s infrastructure by shaping its transport system in such a way that it will be possible to exclude potentially emergency sections on the roads and reduce the traffic load on highways. In order to optimize the infrastructure of the agglomeration, the existing model of transport networks and population movement (migration) within it are considered. The article presents an analysis of the “smart city” paradigm, describes its multidimensional structure and levels on which the urban infrastructure is built, and provides mathematical models based on which the agglomeration transport system is formed. To describe the model of population movement within the framework of an agglomeration, a data warehouse is considered, which contains information about an urban transport network comprising a set of points and communications laid between them. Based on this transport network, a route network is formed, which is a collection of all transport routes. The paper describes a model of a transport and distribution system taking into account temporal and spatial characteristics and a model of an intelligent city transport system based on a hyper network. The models of transport systems used foreign countries’ experience, where there is a tendency to improve navigation and monitoring systems within the transport intelligent system of the city, are described.

88-98

Authors: B. Sultanova, A. Chsherbov

The article considers the methods of additional authorization of users of information systems, their advantages, and disadvantages, typical examples of usage. Multifactor authentication is becoming a standard tool for verifying the identity and access rights of information systems, from banking operations to access to enterprise databases. With the expansion of the spheres of use of various information systems, applications, and services, users of the systems get new opportunities, convenience, and mobility. But at the same time, there is a problem of secure and controlled access, authorization and identification of the user, confirmation of his authority. The options under consideration cannot be limited to service delivery alone: mechanisms could and should be used in various combinations. In addition to the analysis, experiments were carried out on implementing and testing additional authorization mechanisms, and feedback from end users was collected. Each of the methods was evaluated from many angles: ease of implementation, ease of use by the end user, availability, and adequacy of use. At the same time, there is no way to identify the optimal and universal method of additional authorization, since various service sectors have their own requirements for accessibility, reliability, and security. One can single out corporate services that provide data exchange, data processing or analytics, or remote management services industrial network management as the most promising areas for implementation. The authors analyzed the various methods most widely used in the security market, their capabilities, advantages, and disadvantages. The authors did not set the goal of nominating one selected mechanism as a priority; therefore, no recommendations are given to use a particular method.