A Journal of Clinical Dentistry-Heal Talk

2

Authors: Dr. Derek Mahony1, Dr. Roger Price2

Most dentists and orthodontists are aware of the impact that mouth breathing has on the development of the maxilla. Most are also aware of the fact that even after successful realignment of teeth, unless a retainer is used, relapse usually occurs. The tongue is nature’s retainer and at the lateral force exertion of 500 Gm provides the balance required against the inward force pull of the cheek muscles, at also around 500 Gm.

2

Authors: Dr. Seema Grover1, Dr. Namrata Dogra2, Dr. Ashish Dabas3, Dr. Vikas Malik4

The patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion present mandibular retrusion with the upper maxilla normally positioned or retruded. Weiland and Droschi1 found that about 37% of malocclusions are Class II. In most of the Class II cases, an abnormal pattern of mandibular posture and closure makes the diagnosis and the treatment most intriguing. Treatment of an adult Class II patient requires careful diagnosis and a treatment plan involving esthetic, occlusal, and functional considerations.2-4 Treatment objectives are to restrict the maxillary growth and accelerate the mandibular growth to balance the skeletal relation, obtain Class I molar relation to improve functional efficiency and achieve good alignment of teeth with optimal overbite.

2

Authors: Dr. Omveer Singh1, Dr. Vinay Kumar Gupta2, Dr. Sumit Kumar3, Dr. Gaurav Mishra4, Dr. Devina Pradhan5

Oral health is determined by oral hygiene practices, diet and the pattern of dental visits. Bad oral health has significant social and economic results. Accessibility, affordability and availability of oral health facility have been major hurdles in addressing the oral disease burden in developing countries like India. Outreach programs offer an unique opportunity of taking oral health facility to the doorsteps of the needy for provision of some necessary preventive and restorative measures. One of the chief goals of public health dentistry is to deliver dental services to the community especially in the rural areas and to the underprivileged. The world wide prevalence of dental disease is the continuous reminder of the almost universal requisite for effective dental health education programs.

2

Authors: Dr. Anil K Tomer1, Dr. B Vinay Goud2, Dr. Akankshita Behera3, Dr. Nitish Mittal4

The art of dentistry is based on precision. The human naked eye is capable of distinguishing fine detail, but it is no match for what can be accomplished when an image is sharpened and enlarged. The microscope and other forms of magnification fill that need, especially for accomplishing endodontic procedures. Enhanced magnification and illumination opened the eyes of endodontic surgeons to the intricate and complex root canal system. This advancement resulted in miniaturization of the endodontist's armamentarium. Nowadays, endoscope, orascope, intra oral cameras, dental operating microscopes are used in the field of endodontics

3

Authors: Dr. Yashwant Singh1, Dr. Parag Gangurde2, Dr. Girish Karandikar3, Dr. Alok Shah4, Dr. Shashank Gaikwad5

Aim: To evaluate stress and strain distribution in the bone around the mini-implants used for orthodontic anchorage at different sites as per different bone density and thickness by performing a FEM study.Materials and Methods:Computer aided design(CAD) model of mini-implants of different dimensions were generated by laser scanning of the mini-implants and also CAD model to represent bone were generated using material properties of the bone.FEA was carried out using different loading variables at 7 different mini-implant sites having different thickness and density at those respective sites. Results: Result showed that all the FE models showed the area with the highest stress and strain to be around the neck of the micro-implant and the cortical bone and least were seen at the tip of the micro-implants around the trabecular bone. Comparision of all the FE models showed on application of orthopaedic load more stress and deformation were seen as compared to orthodontic load. Also comparision of the FE models showed more stress and deformation on application oblique load as compared to the vertical load.Conclusion: To obtain an optimal biomechanical response, the implant should preferably be placed entirely in the cortical bone (however, this may not always be feasible clinically). The neck of the implant should be sturdy enough, and the head of the implant should not produce any kind of irritation to the overlying mucosa.

3

Authors: Dr. Nitish Mittal1, Dr. Anil K. Tomer2, Dr. Panna Mangat3, Dr. Akankshita Behera4

Success in modern day endodontics is based on various principles comprising of diagnosis and treatment planning, knowledge of anatomy and morphology, thorough debridement of the root canal system, mechanical preparation of root canal along with chemical disinfection and threedimensional obturation, followed by the coronal restoration. In order to facilitate the obturation of root canal system, adequate shaping of root canal is necessary.

3

Authors: Dr. Prabhakar Gupta1 , Dr. Tanu Gupta2, Dr. Sachin Kumar3

Physically the face is the most prominent visible part of the body and provide a person sense of identity. Functionally it animates emotions, communication, intellect, and provides the essential access roots to the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. Cognitively, the region is the soul source of vision, hearing, taste and smell.Thus facial disfigurements, whether congenital (eg. Cleft lip/palate) or acquired (eg. trauma, disease processes and their treatment), have the potential to cause multiple problems and psychosocial dysfunction.1, 2 Facial reconstructive surgery aims to establish anatomic normality as closely as possible on an individualized basis to optimize functional and esthetic outcomes.3 Options for the repair of facial defects include healing by secondary intent, primary closure, skin grafts, local and regional flaps and free tissue transfer.Local and regional flaps represent the most common method for repair of facial defect.4 Manysmaller and less complex facial defects can be addressed with local and regional flaps that provide a suitable match for facial tissue characteristics such as color, contour, texture, pliability, thickness and the presence or absence of hair.5 These flaps use tissue imported from nonadjacent sites with an inherent blood supply (vascular pedicle) to support the flap while attached to the recipient defect until neovascularization has been ensured between the flap and recipient bed.6 The choice of flap is predominantly determined by the characteristic of a given defect.3