Journal of Life Economics

1-24

Authors: Winston PONTOH

It had been known that the presence of dividend will affect the value of shares in the stock market. But since the dividend payers also belief, the stock price will increase by paying dividends to investors, then it seems the phenomenon is becoming very complex to explain. This study is want to investigate these phenomenon and to give an empirical evidence whether dividend plays the main role for fluctuation of stock price or vice versa in the stock market. The results are shows, dividends have significant effect to stock price, conversely, the stock price also have significant effect to dividends. These results make the implications of this study are fit for signaling effect, bird in the hand effect, and catering effect. In further analysis, this study also find, the characteristics of dividend payers are usually represented by number of shares, fixed assets, total assets, total debt, retained earnings, total equity, revenue, and net income.

47-58

Authors: Nilsen KUNDAKÇI & Esra AYTAÇ ADALI & Ayşegül TUŞ IŞIK

Selection of tourist hotel location is a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem and has a strategic importance for the hotel management. In tourism sector, location selection decisions are critical as they are costly and difficult to reverse, and entail a long term commitment. For this reason, in this study AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method is proposed to help the hotel management to select the most proper location for their new tourist hotel investment. In the application part, selection of tourist hotel location in Denizli, Turkey is conducted to demonstrate the computational process and effectiveness of AHP method.

77-105

Authors: S. Yelda KAYA

Bu çalışmanın konusu erken Cumhuriyet dönemindeki toprak reformu girişimleridir. Makalenin ilk kısmı Anadolu’da tarımsal üretimin ticarileşip pazar için meta üretiminin başladığı 19. yüzyıl üzerine olup ticarileşmenin toprak mülkiyeti üzerindeki etkilerini tartışmaktadır. Bu tartışma, Cumhuriyet dönemine miras kalan toprak mülkiyeti düzenini ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. 1930’lardaki siyasi gelişmeler makalenin ikinci kısmının konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Bu kısımda 1945 öncesinde gündeme gelen çeşitli reform girişimlerini ele almaktadır. Literatürdeki hakim görüşe göre, tek-parti hükümeti toprak reformu fikrini 1930’ların ortalarında sahiplenmiş ve 1934 tarihli İskan Kanunu’ndan başlayarak reform yönünde önemli adımlar atmıştır. Burada bahsi geçen adımlar 1935-1937 yılları arasında hazırlanan fakat meclis gündemine alınmayan bir dizi toprak/zirai reform yasa tasarısı ile 1924 Anayasanın kamulaştırma hükümlerinde yapılan 1937 tarihli değişikliktir. Buradaki temel soru, tek-parti hükümetini toprak üzerindeki mülkiyet ilişkilerine müdahale etmeye sevk eden mülahazalara ilişkindir. Makalenin son ve en geniş kısmında ise 1945 tarihli Çiftçiyi Topraklandırma Kanunu hem 1930’lar hem de İkinci Dünya Savaşı deneyimleri ışığında ele alınmaktadır.

1-18

Authors: Ufuk SELEN & Ahmet Bora TARHAN

This study aims to analyze the perception of voters. It attempts to answer whether the power of purse defined at the constitutional level has been internalized and used functionally by the voters or not. A scale of 45 statements has been used to measure the perception of the voters. Factor and regression analyses have been conducted on the data obtained from the scale and the power of purse perception level of the voters has been investigated.The results of the study put forward that voters in Turkey can not functionally use the power of purse that they get by the constitution. Also it has been discussed in the study that 6 factors have been effective for the result and that they have the same and positive effects on this perception.

29-58

Authors: Atalay ÇAĞLAR & Ferda Esin GÜLEL

Çalışmada Türkiye’de il bazında verilen sağlık hizmetleri ele alınmıştır. Önce Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA) ile Türkiye’deki illerin sağlık hizmetlerindeki teknik etkinlikleri, saf teknik etkinlikleri ve ölçek etkinlikleri belirlenmiştir. Garanti bölgesi yaklaşımı ile girdi ve çıktıların ağırlıklarına sınırlar konularak çıktı yönlü CCR (teknik etkinlik) ve BCC (saf teknik etkinlik) modelleri kullanılmıştır. Sağlık hizmeti sunumunda 81 ilden 11’i teknik etkin, 20’si saf teknik etkin ve 11’i ölçek etkin olarak belirlenmiştir. İllerin sağlık hizmeti sunumundaki ölçek etkinliği skorları oldukça yüksek bulunmuştur. Ayrıca etkin olmayan iller için referans olabilecek iller önerilmiştir. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde ise sağlık hizmetlerinden memnuniyet oranı bağımlı değişken alınarak VZA modellerinden elde edilen teknik etkinlik skoru veya saf teknik etkinlik skoru ile seçilen bazı değişkenlerin memnuniyete etkisi mekansal modelleme ile incelenmiştir. Memnuniyet oranına teknik etkinlik skorunun anlamlı pozitif katkısı olduğu belirlenirken saf teknik etkinlik skorunun anlamlı bir katkısı bulunamamıştır. Yanı sıra memnuniyet oranında mekânsal etkinin bulunduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

75-88

Authors: Nilay KÖLEOĞLU & Ciğdem OZKAN & Bekir ESİTTİ

This study investigated the impact of work-Family conflict on hospitality industry workers in Izmir Province. This study tries to identify the variables that hospitality organizations can take to help their employees resolve their work–family challenges. A total of 248 respondents were selected for the study using simple sampling technique. The Instrument used for data collection is Work-Family conflict scale which was developed by Netemeyer, Boles and McMurrian (1996). Demographic characteristics and Logistic Regression Analysis were used to test hypotheses that were generated for the study at 0.05 alpha levels. Finding reveals that there was a significant level of work-family conflict in the hospitality industry in Izmir province. Also, it was found that a significant difference exists between age groups, Title of the employee, genders, having children, married and single respondents` experience of work-family conflict. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that the level of family responsibilities of the employees need to be considered before assigning responsibilities.

113-129

Authors: Ludwick ESONE NDOKANG & André Dumas TSAMBOU

Since independence (1960s), African countries are regularly animated by crisis (political alternation, ethnic conflicts, tribalism, wars, coup d’états). These plagues that consume African society have serious impact on the economic growth of these countries, and diversely affect neighboring countries known for their relative stability. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of political crises in Central African Republic (CAR) on the Cameroon health performances. We used Nafziger crude mortality model based on famine, conflict and population displacement. Data used are from the BEAC Documentation service, the UNESCO database and the World Bank (World Development Indicators 2010). The econometric analysis of the model shows a strong contribution of the critical political situation in CAR on the degradation of the health state of people living in Cameroon. Several reasons justify this argument: the influx of refugees from one country to another and the dissemination of diseases amplified by the precariousness of their living condition on the Cameroon territory. This proofs that political instability in Central African Republic (CAR) negatively affects the health state of the Cameroonian population.

1-20

Authors: Mehmet MERT & Celil ZURNACI & Eray AKGÜN

A large part of this research focuses on life satisfaction changes depending on the multiple causal effect, but in recent years, the impact of life satisfaction on outdoor sports based on the theory of activity sports, has taken on a new dimension with research methods. This article briefly discusses not only some of the most common causal methods on observational data for comparative effectiveness research to implement propensity score matching, but also presents measurement of life satisfaction. Using the sampling group data set consisting of 1,719 mountaineers, trekkers, cyclists as well as those who do not participate in outdoor activities in Turkey, we found that participating in outdoor activities has statistically positive effects on increasing life satisfaction. Another objective was to determine the propensity matching score of these groups.

27-46

Authors: Mehmet ŞAHİN & Sibel AŞAN

Bilgi temelli ekonomide bütün sektörler açısından bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri büyük önem taşır. Aynı zamanda küresel ekonomide bilgi işlem teknolojilerini üretmek ve kullanmak kadar bu teknolojilerin uluslararası ticaretinden yüksek pay almak ülkelerin küresel ekonomideki yerini belirlemek açısından önemlidir. Diğer yandan küreselleşmenin ortaya koyduğu bir gerçek de ekonomik krizlerin küresel ölçekte cereyan etmesidir. Ekonomik krizler elbette ülkelerin BİT ihracatını etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada 2008-2009 küresel ekonomik krizinde OECD ülkelerinin BİT ihracatlarındaki pay dönüşümleri analiz edilmiştir. Analizde Shift-share tekniğinin Esteban-Marquillas versiyonu kullanılmıştır.

75-85

Authors: Sinan ALÇIN

Soyut mallar (Intangible Goods) fiziki malların aksine dokunulamayan mallardır. Hızla gelişen Enformasyon Teknolojileri (IT) nedeniyle soyut malların toplam tüketim içerisindeki payı giderek artmaktadır. Elektronik ortamda depolanıp satılan görüntü ve ses dosyalarından yazılımlara ve çok sayıda güvenlik programından cep telefonu kontörüne kadar birçok mal soyut mallara örnektir. İktisat yazınında soyut malların bu hızlı gelişimi kendisine “iktisadi mal” tanımında ve “kamu malları” konusunda bir karşılık bulmuştur. Erken dönem iktisat ders kitaplarında “İnsan ihtiyacını karşılama özelliğine sahip; elle tutulan, gözle görülen, bir yerden başka bir yere taşınan ve bölünebilen fiziki varlıklardır” tanımı yerine “insan ihtiyaçlarını karşılama özellğine sahip üretilmiş ‘şey’lerdir” ifadesi kullanılmaya başlamıştır. Buradaki “şey” üstü örtülü biçimde fiziki bir varlığı tanımlıyor gibi gözükse de esas itibarıyla iktisadi malların depolanabilirliğini anlatmaktadır. Depolanabilirlik aynı zamanda iktisadi malların –hizmetten farklı olarak- tüketimini zamandan koparabilmektedir. Soyut malların “kamusal mal” özelliği gösterdiği durumlar ise özellikle “bilginin yayınımı” ve “üretim maliyetleri” üzerinden tartışılmaktadır. Bu tartışmanın bir yönünü de patent ve telif hakları ile uluslararası tahkim konuları oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada genel olarak mal tanımı ve özelde de “soyut malların” temel niteliklerinin betimlenmesinden sonra “soyut bir mal tek başına kullanılabilir mi?” sorusu üzerinden yeni bir mal tanımlamasının (engelli mal) gerekliliği tartışılmaktadır.

1-16

Authors: Mumtaz Hussain SHAH

This paper assesses the importance of infrastructure availability in the host developing country in increasing its attractiveness for overseas investors. I also take into account market size, economic development, macroeconomic stability, regional and income groupings, ability of the people to speak an international language and access to sea. Using annual data for a panel of 90 developing countries over the years 1980-2007, I found that consistent with the prediction of the market size hypothesis, population is found to have a significant positive effect on inward FDI. Sound macroeconomic management proxied by exchange rate and economic development have plausible significant effects on FDI inflows, whereas, high inflation signalling economic disorder deter foreign investors. Infrastructure availability measured through telephone-density positively influence overseas investors location choice. Though, it is sensitive to alternative proxy measures but robust with respect to specification of the estimating model. Language and geographic location dummies confirm that foreign firms prefer Anglophones, and are reluctant to invest in South Asia, MENA and Francophone countries. A significant time trend is also witnessed.

25-36

Authors: Maryna KATRAN

The article of the present analysis is to recalculate the economic impact of standardization. The standards have is the instrument of assistance trading development in not only commodities but also services, in the modern global world, and also promote integrations of countries in the world economic system. The urgency of this problem for Ukraine is determined.

43-50

Authors: Ömer Faruk BATIREL

The aim of this paper is to discuss the contribution of agreements of exchange of information on tax matters (TIEA) to avoid harmful tax practices non-cooperative tax havens of tax havens. Most of the small countries in Pacific region and autonomous jurisdictions of developed countries serve as tax havens and lead to harmful tax competition. Paper comprises two parts. In the first part the superiority of TIAE’s to Model Conventions to Avoid Double Taxation (DTA) and the important role of the TIEA’ to avoid harmful tax competition. Second part will be devoted to cooperation level of tax haven, uncooperative jurisdictions and Turkish Revenue Administration Practice.

71-86

Authors: Başak ERGÜDER

The most important output of Wealth Tax Law implemented to point the excessive profits gained via black market and monopoly as target in eliminating the shortages caused by the money supply shortages and high inflation rates in Turkey during World War II was that this law generated an economical transformation. The classification of the taxpayers as G (Non-muslims), M (Muslims), D (Proselyte) and E (Foreigners), the inclination towards real estates owners and merchants in tax assessment, tax collection made mostly in İstanbul caused a problematic table in terms of taxation principles. 87 per cent of all taxpayers in Turkey was non-muslims and 54 per cent was in İstanbul. 68 per cent of the taxes accrued in Turkey was accrued in Istanbul and 70 per cent of the taxes collected in the country was paid in İstanbul. It can be clearly seen in this table that this tax could not realise the principle of universality and equality and that the hidden goal was to realize the economical transformation. In this study, the outputs of the economical transformation generated by the Wealth Tax Law will be analyzed in terms of Turkification of the economy. Although the target of reducing the money supply and decreasing the inflation rates were not accomplished via Wealth Tax Law, the economical transformation, which was the primary goal of the law, was realized. In this study it will be focused in the role of SEE’s and public organizations in the sales and seizures made due to Wealth Tax. The seizure of Bahtiyar Han’s possessions by the Soil Products Office will be analyzed. This case deserves to be discussed and analyzed in terms of showing the mentality of the economical transformation and of the role of the public organizations in this period.

115-124

Authors: Özge UYSAL ŞAHİN

Inflation targeting regime is a modern monetary policy strategy, which is applied to maintain and sustain price stability. Inflation targeting regime doesn’t only decrease the inflation rate. It affects many variables from interest rates to investments, from public expenditures to production and national income and is also affected from these variables. In this study, it is tried to investigate the inflation targeting effects on government consumption expenditures and output gap by using of Autoregressive Integrated Moving Averag (ARIMA) model. The data set covers the period from January, 1998 to September, 2013. The empirical results of the study show that inflation targeting has positive and significant effect on government consumption expenditures and output gap.

133-148

Authors: Leila CHEMLI

The objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between financial development and poverty reduction in 8 MENA countries (Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Jordan, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia and Yemen) over the period of 1990-2012 by using an “ARDL approach”. Our empirical results show that the financial development favors the poor. The ratio to domestic credit to the private sector as % of GDP is significant and positive for Algeria, Iran, Jordan, and Tunisia. This country represents a sample of the upper-middle-income economies. While the ratio to liquid liabilities (M3) as % of GDP is significant and positive for our entire sample. This result suggests that access to credit for the poor remains a challenge.

171-190

Authors: Murat DEMİR & Osman GEYİK

The aim of this study is to explain the concept of innovation that gain importance, and evaluate the success of East Asian countries those had important achievements on innovative,scientific and technological activities , and assess the development process of these activities in Turkey. The next aim of the study is to discuss the present situation of applications for patent and patentings that is the outgrowth of R&D and İnnovation investments. As a outcome of the study , we observe that the R&D and innovation expenditures is not sufficent in Turkey , and due to this reason the number of applications for patent and patentings very low in Turkey.