International Journal of Humanities & Social Science Studies

01-08

Authors: Dr. Goutam Kumar Nag

The aim of the present paper is to analyze the salient linguistic features of one of the most popular songs of Tagore : āguner paraśmaņi .The study is limited to the poetical framework of the song ; the musical aspect is excluded. The song is built on the underlying theme of purification of soul through suffering and pain, symbolized by the imagery of fire and the attainment of the state of enlightenment with the end of conflict of light and darkness. In this article through an in depth study of the constituent elements, we have tried to demonstrate how the theme has been developed at various levels : lexical, morpho-syntactic, semantic. Key Words : purification, light, darkness, Tgore’s song , linguistic features.

14-17

Authors: Dr. Indira Bhattacharjee

Partition does not refer to political and geographical separation only, it also means dissection in society and culture and more particularly breaking of heart of the people. Primarily from the forties to fifties was the era of great disintegration and degeneration in the history of Bengalis –hostilities, famine and starvation, riots, in the midst of all these the Bengalis could not celebrate and relish the joy of freedom and independence of the country. That was simply because of the fact that for the Bengalis the pain of partition was in-built in the pleasure of independence. In the Bengali society the backdrop and background of partition took root much before the independence and that was simply accomplished in 1947. In fact, partition of the country started impacting the Bengali society since the beginning of the Second World War. It is for this reason country’s partition, communal riots and immigrant problems created a remarkable chapter in the history of independence. Partition and problem of migrant once again came into the surface after the emergence of Bangladesh as an independent nation. As a result the literature of partition of Bengal added a new dimension. Bengali writers of new generations became active of writing history of traditions. Here in this paper an attempt has been made to portray how the Autobiographical book of Sujit Choudhury “Haranodin and Harano Manush” second part clearly recorded the inhumane and ruthless extradition of Hindus out of Pakistan immediately after partition. The writer himself and his family also became the victim of the situation. Attempt has also been made to depict how Malay Kanti Dey’s short story “Asrafalir Swadesh” documented the tremendous pain of a family displaced due to partition and how like Asrafali many by proving them foreigners falsely deported across the border in the darkness of night. So partition of the country is such a wound in the life of Bengalees of which we may get relief for the time being but we will not be able to get rid of the pain altogether.

22-28

Authors: Ishani Choudhury

The paper brings out the reflections of Bengali Hindu middle class food culture in the Byomkesh Bakshi series of novels and stories composed by famous Bengali author Saradindu Bandyopadhyay in the time period between the 1930s and 1960s. The detective stories of Byaomkeh Bakshi in its process of investigation portrayed various socio-cultural aspects of Bengali middle class lives in the mid-twentieth century. Bengali food habit including the breakfast, daily meal, and family get-together menus – all were depicted in different contexts of the Byomkesh stories. The present article explores the history of Bengali middle class food culture through the prism of Byomkesh Bakshi stories. OK

34-47

Authors: Tanaya Mukharjee & Sujoy Kumar Mandal

Nadia is one of the important district of West Bengal, which is famous for its art, culture and education. It has some important places of pilgrimage and ancient learning like Nabadwip, Shantipur and Mayapur, places of historical interest like Ballal Dhipi, battle ground of Plassey, Krishnanagar Rajbari, birth place of the famous poet Krittibas at Fulia, famous traditional clay doll craft zone of Ghurni. This is the land of Lord Chaitanya. Sri Chaitanya was not only a religious leader preaching Vaishnab ideas and Bhakti cult but also a social reformer in the 16th Century of Bengal. Moreover, the district of Nadia is historically and culturally significant. There are a number of temples and pilgrimage centres. There are several important terracotta temples situated in this district and these are architecturally wonderful. Some of the important terracotta temples are Kali Temple of Palpara, Shiva Temple of Kamalpur of Chakdaha, Pancharatna Radhakrishna Temple of Birnagar, Jaleswara Temple and Shyam-Chand Temple of Shantipur, Raghaveswara Temple of Dignagar, Raj Rajeswar Temple of Shivniwas of Krishnaganj block etc. Most of the temples are ornamented with beautiful terracotta art. Particularly terracotta plaques fixed on temples comprises valuable elements for reconstructing the mythological, historical and socio-cultural heritage. In this paper, we have discussed the styles, types, themes, designs and motifs of the selected terracotta temples of Nadia district from the viewpoint of folklore and archaeology.

56-76

Authors: Dr. Al-Rawashdeh Mohammad Salim

The question now of the strategic balance and stability in the Middle East, and specially the era of the second Gulf war, 1990s, is to assess the impact of non-conventional weapons on the region. (Non-conventional weapons, or weapons of mass destruction, refer primarily to nuclear, biological and chemical arms, and ballistic missile systems.) The current strategic balance in the Middle East is in transition as the region seeks a new equilibrium, an equilibrium which has been in constant flux over the past three decades. The Arab-Israeli conventional arms race began in earnest in the mid-1950s. It was not long before Israel launched its nuclear and missile development programs, making Arenas’ observation seem a bit tardy. Egypt plunged into chemical and missile programs a few years later. The strategic dimension that resulted has become part and parcel of disequilibrium ever since. In the Middle East, two tiers of states are emerging: one with advanced, non-conventional capability, and one without. Israel sits squarely in the former category and is likely to be joined, in the wider regional context, by Pakistan, Kazakhstan and Iran. Some Arab states possess limited chemical weapons and ballistic missile programs, but these remain modest in size and potential, suggesting that the Arab states are set to occupy the tier of states without non-conventional weapons capability. With the Missile Technology Control Regime in force and the Chemical Weapons Convention close to being signed, this conclusion is practically inescapable

86-93

Authors: Dr. Deepika Dutta Saikia

Tea cultivation in small holdings and/or homestead gardens is a unique business model initiated by a few young and enthusiastic local entrepreneurs of rural Assam during the latter half of 1970s. By now this venture has assumed the shape of an indigenous industry of the state, accommodating more than 70,000 small tea gardens with 1.2 million direct employment, contributing 25 percent of state’s produce and 14 percent of All India produce of green leaf. It is however a sorry state of affair that this agro enterprise has been facing harsh realities in their endeavour towards prosperity so far as pricing of green leaf, availability of credit and marketing as well as infrastructure facilities are concerned. Despite being a fast emerging sector, which shows high potential to change the very face of rural economy of Assam, inadequacy of institutional finance is a major constraint towards sustainability and prosperity of this venture. The small entrepreneurs as they emerge today are subordinate to the richer estate houses, bought leaf factories or market intermediaries as a result, a time may come when this venture may be engulfed by debt trap. Financial inclusion and financial literacy is therefore the need of the hour for this venture and the government as well as concerned authorities should come forward with appropriate financial products and services for augmentation of this unique effort of rural Assam.

102-109

Authors: Emmanuel Adjei Frimpong, George Aboagye Agyeman & Frank Frimpong Ofosu

Students’ academic performance is very important to all stakeholders in education. The research assessed whether institutional factors have influence on students’ academic performance. The objective was to determine whether institutional factors have influence on students’ academic performance. A sample of 360 students was used for the study and both stratified and convenient sampling methods were used. SPSS was used for the data analysis which enabled us to get the percentage, mean and standard deviation values. From the analysis, it was evident that all the variables have an influence on students’ academic performance and it should not be ignored by educators, students and decision makers.

132-142

Authors: Dr. Manashee Gogoi

The present study was to analyze the question papers of the B.A. End-Semester Examination of Dibrugarh University. Content analysis was used as a technique to analyze the question papers. The rules and regulations for setting question papers as well as guidelines for paper setters of B.A./B.Sc./B.Com. Examinations of Dibrugarh University mentioned in the Dibrugarh University Examination Ordinance 1972 (as amended up to date) were used as a basis to analyze the question papers. The study revealed that in most of the question papers the distribution of marks against each unit was not as per the syllabus. Repetition of questions from alternate year was very common in number of question papers. Internal as well as overall options were also found in many of the question papers of B.A. Examination of Dibrugarh University under semester system. The study also revealed that the optional questions given in the question papers were not comparable with respect to objectives, content, difficulty level, etc.

157-162

Authors: Inyikalum Daniel B.

Research reveals that from Latin America to southern Asia, down to Nigeria, peasants have undergone waves of displacement and have seen healthy crops turn poisonous, thus, the cry or campaign for a revolution that will help liberate the peasants from the shackles of domination, exploitation and marginalization. La via Campesina, the international pro-poor peasant movement made up for this fight against those who believe in peasantization. The potential of this struggle to succeed in the world generally and specifically in Nigeria is the basis of this paper. This research work is therefore interested in the revolutionary potentials of peasants, as a basis for transforming their socio- economic lifestyle and positions in the society.

171-187

Authors: Dr. Sartipi Hossein & Hamid Reza Oraee

The actual concept of international society consists of cooperation. Interaction of people in international society shows that the procedure of states sovereignty limitation, considering the increasing cooperation in the international domain, broadened and in order to pave the way towardthe benefit of public it is vulnerable. In fact the limitation of sovereignty of states, rooted in formation of new international law rules which is mostly deliberate. To move from sole existence to organized and public existence, limitation in behavior’s freedom is required. In other words states and their leaders accepted that the international and legal cooperation shall help to retrieve their national benefits.

198-203

Authors: Moumita Dey

Now a day, it seems too important to understand the objective as well as subjective indicator to assess the quality of life. In case of young students, their way of recreation represents their standard of life. It has been changed in recent years because they have spent their time in virtual space rather objective space in their regular life. It most of the time is cyber space. It has made them more indifferent towards their own surroundings. Through this paper, different way of recreation pattern of post graduate students has been shown. It will also show different controlling factors of recreation, quality of recreation, and difference in recreation pattern based on their residence. This paper will represent the problem related to way of recreation pattern of girls students and also suggest some recommendations for the improvement of Quality of recreation pattern. Key words: Recreation, Post Graduate, Girls students, virtual space, Quality of life.

215-220

Authors: Millo Seema

India is predominantly rural in character where nearly two-third of its total population lives in village areas. The growing problems of unemployment and poverty in rural areas led to the low rate of development of a country as a whole. Therefore, the urgent need of rural development is essential for the overall development of a country. In the context of Arunachal Pradesh, the concept of rural development is equally important as most of the tribal people of Arunachal Pradesh live in remote villages. Keeping in view with this, a new political institution known as Panchayati Raj was introduced. Subsequently different rural development schemes have been provided by the Department of rural development with active role of the Panchayat bodies in Arunachal Pradesh. Rural development is a process to strengthen the democratic structure by involving the people directly in the process through Panchayati Raj institutions. It is a process leading to improvement of rural status. Therefore, the study of rural development and Panchayati Raj in Arunachal Pradesh is an interesting subject of study to examine whether Panchayati Raj institutions are effective mechanism for rural development. With this objective an attempt has been made to study the rural development and to examine the role of Panchayati Raj in the tribal village of Ziro valley of Arunachal Pradesh. Keywords: Development, rural areas, tribal people, development schemes, panchayati raj.

226-243

Authors: Dr. Sartipi Hossein & Mohsen Ghasemi

Targeted assassinations whether it is legal or not, it has become one of the modern issues in the International community and has been discussed in relation to International humanitarian law and international armed conflicts. In this regard the main question is whether applying the targeted assassination is in compliance with the principles and rules of the International humanitarian law or not? And if there is not any contradiction in this regard, then this theory has been justified on what logical concept? This paper attempts to answer the mentioned questions with regard to the current legal literature and take any possible workable framework for this theory under consideration. The paper is divided into three general parts, first, it presents the basic definition and history of “the targeted assassination "and deals with its legal framework, then it looks into this theory from the three main principles of the International human Rights perspective and analyzes the requirements necessary for committing the targeted assassination. Keywords: Assassination, Armed conflicts, international conflict, targeted, International Court of Justice, Human Rights, Armed Mission.

250-259

Authors: Tarun Saha

The present study attempts to analyse the man-nature complexes and their regional mosaics specifically economic adaptation of two different social groups namely ‘Bangal’(the refugees from East Pakistan during the time of partition) and ‘Dom’(the ‘doms’ are a Bengali Hindu caste and local people) living in a village named Khayerbuni of Illambazar Panchayat in Birbhum district. It has been well accepted that the amount of resources available within a country does not feed its total inhabitants due to excessive population in comparison to existing resources, but these two social groups develops their lifestyle according to their environmental resource base as well as economic possibilities. This study focuses on their lifestyle and socio-economic characteristics with the analysis of demographic parameters. KEY WORDS: Social groups, Economic adaptation, Environmental resource base Socio-economic characteristics, Demographic parameters.

266-276

Authors: Biswajit Mondal & Biswaranjan Mistri

Study of Land use and Land cover (LULC) has great relevance for find out the relationship between anthropogenic and natural territorial ecosystem. Investigation on spatio-temporal change of land use is a very important aspect to evaluate proper man-land interaction in the paradigm of sustainable development in human civilization. The LULC study through Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) technique helps to know the real time information on spatio-temporal change of natural and manmade aspects e.g. forest cover/density, water body, soil-moisture, settlement/ built up areas and several environmental problems like forest fire, heat islands etc. The study has evaluated land use and land cover and its change over the time period (1990-2014) in Gandheswari River basin. A multispectral and multi-temporal landsat image from three time period (1990, 2002, and 2014) has been classified for the investigation. An attempt has made to discuss the possible influential factors for the LULC changes and change detection matrix has been prepared to analysis the conversion of particular land use/cover to another land use/ cover. In this study, it is found that water body, agriculture, vegetation cover have been declined by 4.7, 6.5 and 4.1 % respectively but settlement area has been increased (13.1%) which may lead to destruction of vegetation, agricultural lands and ground water regime. Key words: Land Use/Cover, Multispectral & multi-temporal image, Change detection matrix, Gandheswari River basin.

287-310

Authors: Leow Chee Seng Dean & Tan Chooi Keong

The purpose of the study was to examine the customer equity theory with relating the marketing drivers to the customer loyalty among the hotels in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The study was guided by 3 objectives: 1.) to determine the relationship between marketing drivers related to customer equity and customer loyalty. 2) to determine the profiles to customers according to the antecedents and behavioral outcomes of customer loyalty, and 3) to determine the association between the customer loyalty and the customer demographic profiles. The quantitative method and data was collected through self-administered questionnaires. Paired samples t-test, regression analysis, multiple variances of analysis, one way of variance analysis and important-performance analysis (IPA) were applied in the data analysis. The findings of empirical tests supported the conclusion that fundamental and marketing strategies related to customer equity theory increased attitudinal and behavioral loyalty. There was no linear relationship on the proportion of stay from the fundamental marketing strategy.

324-338

Authors: Dr. G. N. Qasba, Kapil Sharma, Mohammad Yousuf Bhat & Adil Ashraf Tanki

Umeed is a Programme focusing on the poverty reduction through self-help group formation with strong sensitive support structures. The paper talks about the women empowerment in the block Ghagwal of Samba district, Jammu and Kashmir through financial inclusion with self-help group formation. This paper particularly tries to analyze how Umeed programme has been an effective women empowerment program through Self Help Group formation and other community based support structures like Village organizations (VOs) and Cluster Level Federations (CLFs) in Block. The paper by making use of primary data shows how program has been successful in ensuring financial inclusion, credit flow, capacity building and thereby poverty reduction in rural areas. The paper makes use both quantitative as well as qualitative methods for data collection. Case studies in the paper depict successful women livelihood ventures as part of the poverty reduction measures under Jammu and Kashmir State Rural Livelihoods Mission (JKSRLM). Keywords: SHG, VO, CLF, Empowerment, Financial Inclusion.

348-361

Authors: Jerry T. Cuadrado & Dr. Helen B. Mantiza

The present work had been carried out to assess the socio-economic status of Barangay Saguma, Bayugan City in order to generate empirical data and information on the socio-economic condition of the barangay to determine what specific extension program will be addressed to the concerned barangay. The study was descriptive in nature and the researchers used survey questionnaires in gathering data. A total of 209 household heads were interviewed during the study. 94.74 percent of the house heads in the barangay are males under the age bracket of 41-50 years old. Farming is the most important livelihood in the barangay, and most of the respondents’ monthly range from ₱5000 to less than ₱10,000 pesos only. The results of the study also reveal that households are large family with insufficient income to support the basic needs of the family, common skills acquired by the residents were gardening, livestock raising and driving. Access to safe drinking water, primary health care, livelihood programs or livelihood assistance, education and literacy assistance are the major areas of concerns identified, thus, the mentioned areas of concern are also the priority needs of the community of Barangay Saguma. The researchers therefore suggest that there should be an implementation of livelihood projects to complement the capability developed among the residents and to give assistance and funding for scholarship to improve the educational status of the residents in the barangay. Key terms: Household; Household head; Socio-economic status; Brgy. Saguma