International Journal of Humanities & Social Science Studies

1-7

Authors: ড. অভিজিৎ গঙ্গোপাধ্যায়

Swamiji always believed that ‘mother India’ should be the maxim idealism of common Indian women. Often he showed more importance to the mothers of our country and less to the others. In our country since many times of past decades, motherhood is being accepted and gratified by Indian women even as their best policy in life. The selfless tolerant and magnanimous dignity with great grandeur and compassionate heart of Indian women also affect the foreign ladies like Sister Nivedita and some others. The everlasting glorious stories of Sarada ma and Bhuban Mohini Devi, the mother of Swami Vivekananda will never die as we still inspired by their excellence and eternal path-way. In his essays Swami Vivekananda’s thoughts and explanations about the hard efforts, scarifying attitude and majestic achievement of Indian women vividly reflects our real heritage towards our Indian culture and humanity.

11-15

Authors: অধ্যাপক সুমন্ত ঘোষ বাগ

The word “artha”occoupies a very important place in the Nyaya-Vaisesika philosophy. Goutama uses the word “artha” in various senses like, padartha, indriyartha, prameyartha, abhidheyartha, vachyrtha et.c. Regarding this matter Goutama also admit in Nyaya sutra “artha” as a separate prameya and it denotes only posteriori aspect which represents the rasa(water), rupa(colour), gandha(smell), sparsa(touch) and sabda(sound) that are apprehended through the sense-organs. The Vaisesikas like Kanada consider that the word “artha” stands for the padartha. He also usese the word “artha” in another separate sense like dravya(substance), guna(quality) and karma(action). All these definitions suggest that the variety of usages of artha seems relevant to the Nyaya-Vaisesikas philosophy of language and also semantical theory of its meaning. In this paper I would like to highlight the different aspects of the term ‘artha’ which is considered by the Nyaya-Vaisesika Philosopher, and to focus the deep sense of this theory meaning as explained in Nyaya-Vaisesika philosophy.

26-29

Authors: গৌতম কর

To most of us Rabindranath Tagore is familiar as a renouned poet, author, dramatist and singer. But it must be remembered that he has achieved a remarkable place in the realm of drawing too. It is quite interesting to note that at an age of sixty five he started drawing pictures for the first time. In 1925 during the editing of the manuscript of famous "Purabi" he, quite unconsciously marked his pen on the pages which even to the surprise of the great poet took shapes of different pictures. This gave birth to 'World of meaning' and 'World of gesture'. Abanindranath Tagore, while recalling Rabindranath's appearence as an artist compared it with a 'volcanic impulse'. Again, artist Binodbehari Mukhopadhyay claimed that those drawings have a significant role in understanding the very literature and introspection of Tagores mind in the last two decades of his life. In short, this 'artist' Tagore led the 'poet' Tagore to a new world of thought. It may be claimed that in his last days from 'Raktakarabi' (1925) to 'Seshlekha' (1941) his thought, view and language were guided by this "world of gesture". So, it may be argued that Rabindranath's drawings are indispensably attached to his World of multifaceted and illustrious creations. Actually this phase of his life was nothing but the concluding part of his whole-life of creation. This article is therefore an attempt to explore Rabindranath as an artist.

50-63

Authors: Gandhi Siga

Abstract Democracy is considered as one of the best form of government because it ensures liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship, equality of status and opportunity, fraternity as well as the right to participate in political decision making. Participation and control of governance by the people of the country is the essence of democracy. Panchayati Raj is one of the important political innovations of India, which helps establish of grass-roots democracy and ensure the greater people’s participations in political system of the country. Panchayati Raj Institutions that work as grass–root units of decentralized democratic self-government have been considered as an instrument of socio-economic transformation in rural India. Involvement of people at the grass-roots level is the most important means of bringing about socio-economic development. This very processes an eye opener for the village communities so far as the grassroots democratic political process is concerned. As a result, the people got themselves involved with the developmental process of the rural area. Panchayati Raj Institution has brought a many socio-political changes in the rural Arunachal Pradesh. Therefore, importance and effectiveness of working of Panchayati Raj in Arunachal Pradesh is an interesting subject of study to whether these institutions are an effective mechanism for the modern grassroots democratic political participation. With this objective, the present study is intending to shed light on the democratic decentralization political institutions and empowerment of people in Arunachal Pradesh.

73-77

Authors: Monimugdha Bhuyan

Traditional health care practices constitute a major element in every culture. World Health Organisation (WHO) estimated that now a days as many as 80% of the world’s population depends on traditional medicine for their primary health care needs. Ethnomedicine is used to refer to the beliefs and practices relating to disease which are product of indigenous cultural development and are not explicitly derived from the conceptual framework of modern medicine. Data for this paper have been collected from Bonkowal Village of Golaghat District, Assam. The inhabitants of the village are of Mishing community, an indigenous inhabitant of Assam with distinct identity and culture. In the present paper an attempt has been made to give an account of ethnomedicinal practices among the Mishings of Bonkowal village of Assam. Though the concept of health and disease are basically biological, it is very much related to socio-cultural system of a society. The people of the village believe that both supernatural and natural causes are responsible for diseases and illness. Traditional health care practices of the villagers can be divided in to herbal treatment and supernatural treatment. The medicine man of the village has adequate knowledge of medicinal plants which he uses to cure various diseases. The importance of medicinal plants and their uses in healing different disease is discussed in the paper.

85-90

Authors: Ms. Amrita Biswas

Abstract Human trafficking is one of the major evils in the modern world. The article looks into the issue of human trafficking as it emerged in the countries of India and Bangladesh. It starts with the historical debates and theorizations about emergence of human trafficking and traces it to the recent times. Human trafficking is not an isolated phenomenon in itself but is closely linked with various socio-economic factors of post-colonial third-world nations. The article also discusses the various factors that act as catalyst in the process of human trafficking. The last few decades of the twentieth century have witnessed the rise of a global consciousness about the issue. Various efforts are being made on national and international scale to fight the menace. In the last section, the article will study the intensity of these various efforts by national and international organizations so as gaug e the levels of their success.

96-104

Authors: Susmita Paul

The paper examines the welfare impact of microcredit on the borrowers in terms of per capita income and asset acquisition. The study has been conducted in the Silchar town of Cachar, Assam. The objective of the study is to examine whether there has been any significant increase in per capita income and asset acquisition in the borrowers’ households after joining the microcredit programme. To measure the impact of the programme the study has collected 540 samples from among those micro credit holders of Silchar town, who have taken the loans for at least five times

111-116

Authors: Dr. Soma Dhar

Societies that discriminate on the basis of gender pay a significant price in terms of higher poverty, lower quality of life, slower economic growth, and weaker governance (Elizabeth King, 2001). Women are dominated by patriarchal kinship system that results in social and economic dependence of women on men and stipulate their relative lower status compared to men. Although over the last decades women have struggled to become equal with men in all aspects of life (education, health, employment etc.), but still there exist inequality in these sectors. Gender inequality has emerged as the major stumbling hurdle in achieving the development targets. The present paper aims to analyze gender inequality in education, health and employment in North-East India. This paper is based on the secondary data. The analysis of the data shows that eight sister states of North-East India practices substantial inequalities in education, employment, and health based on gender. School enrolment in the region has been showing steady increase since the last decade, however still majority of the poor children mainly girls in rural areas are deprived of the basic education. There still exists a considerable gender gap in enrollment, which is notably high in case of higher education. Enrollment of women in higher education is poor compared to men. Analysis of macro level data on employment and unemployment shows that wide divergence exists between male and female participation in economic activities. There also exist gender wage gap in the region. Data also witnessed gender inequalities regarding various health indicators in the region. The study concluded that women have limited scope to access education, health and employment resources. Position of women on the basis of above indicators is far beyond compare to the men in North-East India.

130-137

Authors: Gandhi Siga

Abstract In Arunachal Pradesh Panchayat bodies have been the first modern political institutions. Democratic political process was started in the erstwhile NEFA (North East Frontier Agency) in 1969 with the inauguration of Panchayati Raj. Significantly, the modern Panchayati Raj was introduced in NEFA (Present Arunachal Pradesh) on the backdrop of existing traditional tribal councils. In substance, the indigenous isolated tribal communities were exposed to grassroots political process. A new framework of participatory development and village management was introduced which mobilized the tribes to a great extent. Thus, the panchayat institutions engineered the modern political process in Arunachal Pradesh. The introduction of modern political institutions in Arunachal Pradesh became the key instruments for the development of village life. The people got the opportunity to exercise their franchise for the first time in the panchayat elections. This very processes an eye opener for the village communities so far as the grassroots democratic political process is concerned. As a result, the people got themselves involved with the developmental process of the rural area. Panchayati Raj Institution has brought a many socio-political changes in the rural Arunachal Pradesh.

145-148

Authors: Dr. Ranjeet Kr. Tiwary

The institutional framework of modern polity includes not only the political parties, bureaucracy, administrative machinery but also ‘interaction and sensitization’ at all levels of governance through people’s participation. Political development has to come about within the consciously adopted institutions, both at national and local levels so that a consensus can be drawn at all levels ensuring the widest reach of good governance. An important institutional innovation at the grassroots level towards decentralizing Indian polity has been the introduction of ‘Panchayati Raj’.The institution of Panchayats is not a modern concept.It is an institution which existed in Indian villages since ancient times. But this age-old institution has been constitutional and institutionalized only in modern times. It was the Balwantray Mehta Committee (1957) who recommended setting up of a three- tier structure of Panchayati Raj Institutions. In the history of local governance the passing of the 73rd Constitution Amendment Act,1992 was a landmark. This act paved the way for the passing of the Assam Panchayat Act, 1994.The Government of Assam constituted Panchayats at the district, block and gram level with powers and responsibilities in line with those provided vide the 73rd Constitution Amendment Act, 1992. In this paper I seek to analyse the concept and dimension of democratic decentralization in the context of local governance

154-160

Authors: Dr. Ananta Pegu

The female workforce participation means the rate of percentage of female engaged in the total working population of a state or country. Women constitute an important part of the workforce of all over the world and India. According to the Registrar General of India, the work participation rate for women was 25.51 per cent in 2011 and 25.6 percent in 2001. This is an improvement from 22.3 per cent in 1991 and 19.67 per cent in 1981. The two important aspects that is required to be mentioned here that while there has been an improvement in the work participation rate of women, it continues to be substantially less in comparison to the work participation rate of men. In 2011, the work participation rate of men was 53.26 per cent and 51.8 percent in 2001. Secondly, there seems to be a rural-urban divide in so far as work participation of women is concerned. In the context of North-East Region, the role of female in the workplace has been expanding due to socio-economic and political-legal changes. All states of North-Eastern are significantly different from each another in respect of their socio-economic conditions. The northeastern states are predominantly agricultural states. So, women in the region mainly engage in agriculture and its allied activities. The infrastructure facilities like supply of input, marketing, institutional credit and extension services are inadequate limiting women to go for greener pastures. The geographical area of North-East is different from other part of India. The region is characterized by difficult terrain, wide variations in slopes, altitude, land tenure systems and diverse cultivation practices. The transport and communication system is poorly developed and as a result majority of the areas in the region remain still in accessible. Expanding women’s participation especially in ways that enhance their productivity and earning potential raises women’s own living standards and contribute to better economic performance, the reduction of poverty and improved family welfare. It is found that Literacy rate for women has increased in north east and it has a positive impact on the ideological, political and social spheres. All this is the result of the positive changes that education and training have brought in the region. It is expected that such kind of initiative will further expand women’s mobility, their control over labour, production and income, exercise of political power and participation in the decision making process and thereby strengthen the process of development throughout the northeastern region.