Russkaya Starina

83-89

Authors: Marina Ch. Larionova, Alexey S. Tishchenko

The concept “Russian world”, which is actively used in diverse fields of science, is associated with various social ideas. One of these ideas is “Moscow, third Rome”, which took shape in the epistles of Elder Philotheus. This article analyzes the influence of the theory “Moscow, third Rome” on the formation and establishment of the concept of “Russian world”. This idea presupposes the opposition of Russia and Western and Eastern civilizations, deduces the opposition of the Russian world to the “non-Russian”. The perception of the Russian people as the last bearer of the Orthodox statehood allows us to speak about the special historical significance of Russia. The role of Moscow as a center spiritually uniting Orthodox peoples added credibility to the Russian state, which was at the stage of formation and strengthening. The presence of a single strong state is one of the conditions for the formation of the concept of the “Russian world”. Based on the messages of Elder Philotheus, one can deduce the values of the Russian world: the presence and sovereignty of the state, the sacredness of power, spirituality, conciliarity, and messianism. The idea of “Moscow, third Rome” puts forward strict requirements for the ruler, who appears to be the ideal leader, absorbing the best qualities of the Russian world. Thus, the idea of “Moscow, third Rome” influenced the formation of the concept of “Russian world”, the question of which is promising for scientific research.

99-108

Authors: Andrey V. Venkov

The Don Cossacks were devastated during the Civil War and sought to get out of the war and come to terms with the new government. The Northern districts, which suffered heavily from the war, were particularly eager to do this. The Soviet government began to create new authorities from Pro-Soviet Cossacks, and the whites, who surrendered, were included in the Red army and sent to the front against the Poles and Wrangel. However, the Cossacks did not quickly adapt to the Soviet regime. The government did not trust most of the Cossacks, and the Cossacks were dissatisfied with the food policy of the Bolsheviks. There were no open uprising of the Cossacks on the Don in 1920, since the combat-ready Cossacks were either in the Red army or in the troops of General Wrangel. But the situation became explosive again, when the fighting on the fronts ended, and the Cossacks, who served in the Red army learned about the food policy, pursued by the authorities on the Don. Isolated actions of Red army units against the government began. The Don Cossacks did not adapt to post-war life in 1920. A new stage of relations between the Cossacks and the authorities was coming.

129-138

Authors: David M. Gryadski

The article deals with the consideration of the process of training and education of military pilots in the first years of the Great Patriotic War at the Bataysk Aviation School of Pilots. The article is based on a number of sources such as: regulatory documents, curricula and memoirs of teachers and cadets of the school. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to study and analyze the training system at the Bataysk Aviation School in the early first of the Great Patriotic War in the context of the development of military education in the region. The main sources on this topic are the materials of the meetings of the Rostov Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). In this regard, the most interesting for us are the materials stored in fund 13 of the Center of Documentation of Contemporary History of the Rostov Region, which contain the information on the results of the control and verification exercises of the air defense and air force of the North Caucasus Military District on the eve of the war, which allows us to assess the degree of preparedness of the personnel of the air defense and air forces. Another group of sources is represented by sources of personal origin, in particular the memoirs of the Soviet ace pilot Grigory Dolnikov, which make it possible to reconstruct not only the “official” side of the school’s work, but also the personal side of education in this institution. Methodology includes a number of general scientific methods: description, comparison, synthesis; as well as the historical-anthropological method, which made it possible to reconstruct through the prism of the personal experience of participants in military training. In general, the Bataisk Aviation School met the needs of the Red Army in flight personnel and trained knowledgeable pilots, and also participated in the dissemination of military knowledge in the Rostov region.

146-151

Authors: Nicholas W. Mitiukov

Among the ships and vessels named in honor of Udmurtia, the boat “Chaikovsk” stands apart. It got its name at a time when the Supreme Soviet of the Udmurt ASSR voted to rename Votkinsk to Chaikovsk, but the Supreme Soviet of the USSR did not support this initiative. On the basis of the personnel orders of the Sarapul operational office, the article attempts to reconstruct the vessel’s biography. Some facts were clarified by examining the office’s salary slips and annual reports of the Central Statistical Office. Based on the analysis of the vessel’s biography, it was assumed that it could belong to the type of river tugboat with a wooden hull, according to the classification of Yemelyanov and Krysov.

4-13

Authors: Evgeny F. Krinko

The recent historiography is characterized by increased attention to a human. The purpose of the article is to reveal new directions and approaches in the study of the history of the Great Patriotic War, which took shape mainly in the 1990–2000s, allowing one to “return” the “human dimension” to its events. The article is based on historiographic sources – modern studies of Russian and foreign authors. These works examine various problems of the Great Patriotic War in the framework of historical anthropology and related areas: the history of mentalities, the history of everyday life, microhistory, and gender history. All these areas are distinguished by the shift of attention from the state institutions to the human world in all its diversity and interaction with other people, behavioral strategies and conditions for the survival of individuals and groups, wartime symbols and rituals. The article was written on the basis of a systematic approach, the author used the problem-chronological method, the methods of mainstreaming and logical analysis.

26-40

Authors: Alla B. Staseva, Irina G. Kirillova, Boris I. Maksimov, Nataliya V. Zolotova, Anna N. Pchelkina, Nadezhda K. Shmonina, Rezeda R. Gareeva

The article deals with the activity of two evacuation hospitals № 3062 and № 3070 in Kanash town of Chuvash ASSR during the Great Patriotic War. The article is written on the basis of documents from the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, the State Archive of Modern History of the Chuvash Republic and other documents as well as the memories of the eyewitnesses – the medical workers and wounded soldiers of the Red Army. The authors consider the staff of hospitals and the staff of medical institutions. Considerable attention is paid to the daily life of the hospital, the nutrition of patients, the use of the vegetable gardening in the medical institutions, the issues of salaries and wartime taxes for medical personnel (military loan and tax). The article also analyzes the wartime medical problems and the introduction of new, uniform principles of medical care. The authors have also described other issues: blackout of buildings, discipline in the medical evacuation hospitals, rehabilitation and employment opportunities for the disabled of the Great Patriotic War.

50-58

Authors: Olga M. Morozova

The Black Sea sailors during 1917 were not politically active. The Sevastopol Soviet of the Deputies of the Army, Navy and Workers influenced the position of the crews. The Bolsheviks from Petrograd campaigned, but the sailors did not accept the idea of the class struggle until December 1917. This is due to the return of the detachment A.V. Mokrousov and flotilla of minesweepers from a campaign on the Don which was considered a nest of counter-revolution. Sevastopol sailors gained experience in armed clashes, and became active participants in the class struggle. Teams of the Sevastopol courts were in Rostov-on-Don for a week. They had an order from their Soviet on neutrality, but they were bound by obligations towards the Rostov Revolutionary Committee who had invited them to the Don. Ships shelled the city. There were victims. This shook the position of the Don Revolutionary Committee, its supporters left the city, the power of the Don Ataman was established. The yacht Kolkhida assigned to the Sevastopol port played a role in the revolutionary events in the Don.

71-79

Authors: Nicholas W. Mitiukov, Svetlana L. Bautina

In the post-war period, motorboats played a huge role in the technical re-equipment of domestic water transport. They replaced steamboats, mostly of pre-revolutionary building, but they, in turn, after a decade, almost everywhere gave way to motor ships. Similar processes took place in the Izhevsk operational office of the Office of Small Rivers under the Council of Ministers of the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. In the late 1940s – early 1950s the office received three motor boats “Yaroslavets”, “Pioner” and “Komsomolets”. Basing on the analysis of the available documentation and photographs, it was concluded that the “Yaroslavets” belonged to the boats of project 358, the “Pioner” belonged to the project NKL-47, and the “Komsomolets” project was not yet possible to determine within the existing sources. Apparently, this ship is depicted in a photograph from the collection of A. Korobeinikov (from the family archive of T. Grozova). The same ship is shown in the photograph from the Ozhigov family archive, which is why it must be re-attributed and its date changed to 1961.