Russkaya Starina

262-274

Authors: Olga V. Semenova

This article analyses the activities of the museums of Rostov Region during the so-called post-perestroika period (1990–2000s). The analysis is based on extensive and diverse material that covers different types of museum work, such as exhibitions, work with archives, public relations, publishing, projects, scientific and technical work. Author defines differences in tendencies of development of museums in the 1990s and 2000s, estimates the roles of museum employees, and discusses the necessity of close interrelationship of museums and people. Author considers not only state museums of the region, but also municipal museums, school museums and museums of military registration offices. Contemplation of the role of museums in the modern society brings us to realization of the importance of all possible museum activities in support and careful preservation of historical memory.

282-289

Authors: Tatiana Yu. Vlaskina

This article gives a brief overview of how the dialogical form is exploited in the museum work, reveals the essential aspects of the critical thinking on this form: a passion for innovative ways to show the artifacts, and at the same time the absence or deficiency of their social relevance. The author focuses attention on the needs of society in intercultural dialogue, carried out using a museum exhibition, and new challenges, which are caused by a change in the ways of perception and grasping information emerged with the spread of new technologies. The museum can resist the deconstruction of the worldview to a certain extent, creating expositions in a systematic order, which allow revealing causal relationships between events and exposing the factors that trigger different processes. The author characterizes the thematic sections in the museum of SSC RAS, which seem perspective to perform dialogical work with the visitors: The Great Patriotic War, the formation of the modern population of the Don delta, the traditional forms of natural resource management.

297-304

Authors: Nikolay N. Apanasenko

This article is an attempt to give the general review about the war monuments of the Aksay District, about that memory of the Great Patriotic War which is concluded in these constructions. The author tries to trace the general tendencies and the directions of development of memorial memory in our country throughout all post-war time and also to note some features inherent in separate monuments in the Aksay district.

313-321

Authors: Varvara E. Dobrovolskaya

The article deals with functions of traditional costume in modern Russian society. Folk costume had completely lost its utilitarian function, which is only partly preserved in closed confessional communities. Aesthetic function of costume is also almost completely lost and became subject of students of arts, collectors, restorers, etc. On the other hand, traditional costume acquired some new features. Traditional clothing is now actively used in ritual practices, plays the role of memory sign, sign of femininity or exclusiveness. Nowadays pseudo-traditional costume is an indispensable attribute of official functions, the active element of advertising campaigns, etc. At the same time, functions of traditional costume are partly taken by modern one.

338-348

Authors: Marina Ch. Larionova, Irina V. Bobyakova

The article discusses the opportunities of the modern literary criticism in connection with the “Western” and “Eastern” vectors of studies. The authors consider the perception of Anton Chekhov’s works abroad and show the so-called adaptation of the personality and work of this Russian writer to another cultural consciousness through the specific selection of the facts of his biography and the interpretation of his works. The article concludes that the foreign perception of Anton Chekhov’s works depends on the type of artistic and socio-political thought in the West and East.

165-174

Authors: Anna P. Paraskevopulo

The article is devoted to the first decades of the history of the one of the oldest research institutions in Krasnodar region, the experienced leader of tobacco cultivation in the USSR. The author examines the genesis of the Institute of tobacco growing in the context of large-scale social and political transformations, the contribution of individual scientists in the development of its scientific and organizational activity. On the basis of archival documents, periodicals, works of the Institute employees, the author has reconstructed the main stages of development (from the laboratory to one of the leading research institutions in the country), areas of research, and methods of promotion of agricultural knowledge among the population.

182-199

Authors: Andrei V. Venkov

The article, basing on archival materials of the Federal security service, studies the governmental policy towards the Upper Don Cossacks at the beginning stage of collectivization on the example of the cases of 1929 and 1930. It was examined an attempt of the authorities to eliminate their potential opponents on the threshold of the mass collectivization by incriminating them the preparation of the armed uprising. The new archival materials have been introduced for scientific use.

218-239

Authors: Utash B. Ochirov

The article is devoted to the Kalmyk Red Army servicemen who had been awarded the Order of Glory during the Great Patriotic War. This military decoration was known as the “Soldier’s” Order and granted only to privates and non-commissioned officers (as well as to junior lieutenants of the air force) for bravery in action. Due to the fact, those engaged in military logistics could not receive this Order Red Army soldiers viewed it as the highest esteemed reward. Using a wide range of sources the author has compiled a list of the Kalmyk Cavaliers of the Order of Glory alongside with their short histories of military service. Commendation lists that had been digitized and posted on the open-access website OBD “Podvig naroda” (People’s Deeds of Valor) served as the basic source for compiling the list. It should be noted that battlefield scribes and record keepers unfamiliar with the spelling of Kalmyk personal and family names, names of villages and districts introduced significant distortions to the records so that one and the same person could be referred to in 5 documents variously. Besides, the search was dramatically complicated by the absence of the tool “nationality” within the OBD “Podvig naroda” search engine, and in fact, the Kalmyk Cavaliers of the Order of Glory had to be looked up “manually.” Databases of only five regions have been subject to thorough studies (the Kalmyk Republic, Rostov, Astrakhan, Volgograd, Stavropol Regions) with nothing but Kalmyk names being the search criteria. Had there been people bearing fully non-Kalmyk family, personal and patronymic names, they are not represented in the final list. After that the author studied published materials, archival documents, interviewed informants to check, supplement and ascertain information about the Kalmyk Cavaliers of the Order of Glory. The author was also able to enter a few more individuals conscripted in other regions of the USSR into the list. At the final stage of the research, the list of all the materials was structured in such a way that it could be processed using a computer program. After that, the database was subjected to statistical analysis that allowed discovering some certain peculiarities and common features characteristic of the individuals under consideration. At the moment the database contains records of 95 Kalmyks who had been awarded the Order of Glory during and in the first years after the war. Most probably the list is incomplete and shall be supplemented but the final figures are unlikely to change sufficiently. We can confidently declare that every fortieth Kalmyk of those left in the theater of operations was awarded the Order of Glory. There is no doubt that but for the 1943 abolition of the Kalmyk ASSR and deportation of ethnic Kalmyk privates and non-commissioned officers to the Shirokovsky Forced Labor Camp (construction site of the Shirokovskaya Hydroelectric Power Station) there would have been much more Kalmyk Cavaliers of the “Soldier’s” Order.

95-105

Authors: Alexey А. Rudenko

The article deals with the issue of Evangelical movement in the late XIX – early XX centuries during its formation in Russia as well as in local Rostov community. It estimates the role of the institutional and dogmatic polarization in the movement. On the basis of the examination of the archival data, the denominational periodical literature, the private correspondence of religious figures and the historical research done prior to the scientific research the writer outlines the negative impact of this polarization on the dynamic of the Russian Evangelical movement.

114-136

Authors: Ludmila V. Tabunshchikova, Alla V. Shadrina

The article deals with one of the less studied subjects of the church-state relationships in the USSR, the events of 1923. In this year there was a change of the tactics in the fight of the Soviet state against religious organizations. The author shows, by the way of example of the Don region, that was started a large scale propagandistic campaign against the Russian Orthodox Church. One of the most notable its theorists was E. Yaroslavsky. There were implemented various forms of active agitation: propagandist public debates and articles in newspapers, public renunciations of the priests-renegades, struggle against church fests, carrying over of holidays, anti-bell and anti-icon campaigns, the introduction of the “red ritual”, the demonstrative closing of churches, etc. The mass propaganda was ineffectual because the “excesses on the ground” provoked indignation among the believers.

147-153

Authors: Ksenia R. Mukhametshina

The proposed article can be seen as a historical reconstruction related to a targeted identification and preliminary analysis of the major problems that determined the development of the Don old believers in the postwar years. Within a chosen complex problem, it is necessary to allocate such important aspects of everyday interaction of the power structures and religious communities, religious practice under conditions of strict ideological and political control, the specific socialization of young believers. The article discusses the Old Believer community in Rostov-on-Don in 1945–1953. The study identifies and analyzes the major problems which determined the development of the Don Old Believers in the postwar years. The author considers the documents of the State Archive of the Rostov Region.

19-25

Authors: Aleksandr E. Parfenov

In 1765, on the Volga near Tsaritsyn a Moravian settlement of Sarepta was established. As a missionary settlement Sarepta existed up to 1892. Despite its close contacts with the surrounding world, Sarepta for a long time managed to preserve the traditional Moravian way of life. But by the end of the 19th century, a serious social crisis had matured which caused abolishment of the Moravian community in Sarepta in 1892. This event marked the end of a process of the missionary settlement transformation into a secular village.

33-40

Authors: Alexey A. Volvenko

In the article, social and political views of the famous representative of the Don Cossack generals of the 19th century Ivan Ivanovich Krasnov are analyzed. His ideas about “the Cossack nationality” and “the Don patriotism” proved in articles of local and central periodicals are placed in an event context of reformatory policy of the Ministry of Defense for the Don Cossacks in the 1860s.

61-68

Authors: Evgeny F. Krinko

The all-Russian scientific conference “The Significance of Battles of 1941–1943 in the South of Russia in the Victory in the Great Patriotic War” took place at the Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences on June 3–6, 2016. 120 specialists from different research centers took part in the conference. The participants debated the large circle of the problems relating to the military operations in the South of the country, which made it possible to eliminate some lacunae and “blank spots” in the historiography, contributing to the creation of the integral image of the wartime events.