Russkaya Starina

232-241

Authors: Maria A. Andrunina

The article analyzes innovations and changes in Slavic funeral and remembrance rites, the most unchanging and archaic branch of tradition culture. The paper deals mostly with two ways of their modification: loss of some elements or accommodation of them to modern circumstances. Elimination of different ritual parts concerns mostly funerals of special group of dead, so called unclean (suicidal, killed, children etc.). Customs of their burial and remembrance, believes and taboo concerning their graves preserve a lot of ancient traits. Traditionally for their inhumation places beyond the sacred ground of cemetery were chosen, often in wilderness: woods, fields, road sides and crossroads, sometimes even marshes. Some were buried in estates or houses (mostly children); this practice persisted for some time in the Eastern Polesye. These rituals and corresponding beliefs are dying away now. Another option of changes is accommodation to a new way of life. Example of this was recently found in field in Mogilewsky region. Mobility of new generations, when people work far from home, endangers well known spring remembrance practice held in cemeteries. That is why they put a tablecloth over the coffin during burial in order to have it there if nobody comes in spring to cover the grave and commemorate the deceased. Of course, there are other ways of alteration: giving new meaning to old customs, adaptation from neighboring regions and nations etc. So, even the strictest and unyielding tradition can change with the tide of time. And the weakest links are proved to be those connected with the archaic notions of traditional culture that in general might be referred to as mythological worldview.

251-257

Authors: Natalya A. Arkhipenko

The paper analyzes private commemorative actions of the Rostovites timed to the celebration of the Victory Day. The author systematizes the data received while conducting participant observation during the visits to city cemeteries, photographing, holding surveys with the visitors of the Northern Cemetery of Rostov-on-Don. The paper reveals the ways of the visual designating the private remembrance participants on the 9th of May, the types of actions performed on the graves of the relative veterans, versions of the texts regularly used in case of annual remembrance.

283-295

Authors: Igor S. Tomilov

Trade is a kind of practical expression of effective development of economy, a reflection of its performance. The change in commodity circulation, export and import, financial institutions, the number of wholesale and retail locations for sales and some other indicators provide the basis to judge the rise or fall of agricultural and industrial characteristics, as well as to assess the level of welfare of the population. This article attempted to review the trading and market condition in the Tobolsk province in the second half of 19th – early 20th centuries. This period saw the approval of a new stage of social development that gave impetus to economic development of the whole country and its separate regions. The study, based on analysis of archival, statistical, economic and other data, will reflect the dynamics of important factors and elements of trade in the province of Tobolsk with expansion of transport infrastructure, the change of export-import balance, expanding of the fair network, the growth of credit and banking sector among them. Altogether, the obtained results allow to judge the nationwide impact of industrial growth on the development of the retail industry in the region under study in the designated time frame.

303-308

Authors: Tatyana G. Kurbat

The article reveals the tragic fate of the Soviet prisoners of war during the fighting in the big bend of the Don River in the 1942–1943. The lack of food and health care, infectious diseases, and adverse weather conditions led to high mortality among the Soviet soldiers and commanders. It grew out of the use of the Soviet war prisoners for hard work, and also because of the systematic beatings and shootings. The article is written on the basis of documents of the State Archives of the Russian Federation and the Documentation Center of the Modern History of the Rostov Region.

156-167

Authors: Utash B. Ochirov

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the growth of so-called political banditry in the territory of Kalmykia in the period from 1918 to 1927. In the beginning of the paper, the author analyzes the validity of the term “political banditry” and comes to the conclusion that although this term is not ethically perfect, being marked by a negative connotation, another term to define the phenomenon is hard to find. Analyzing the development of “political banditry” in the territory of Kalmykia from 1918 to 1927, the author comes to the conclusion that the phenomenon appeared only since the beginning of the Civil war and has experienced three stages in its growth. The first stage (1918 – beginning of 1919) was associated mostly with the Red Army and with banditry of some Red Army units arrived from other regions, which in terms of chaos and impunity during the first year of the Civil war went too far in not separating requisition and mobilization – lawful from the point of view of the Soviet government – from outright robbery and violence. Some of them were declared criminals by the Soviet power and destroyed by the Red Guards. The second stage (1919–1920) is associated with the invasion of the White Guards in the Lower Volga region. Regular troops conducted their operations in the outskirts of Kalmykia, the steppe became an arena for action of small mobile groups, mostly White Guards or the people who considered themselves as such. A significant part of these units had an “insurgent band” origin, consisted of Kalmyks, dissatisfied with the Soviet government and was supported by the Whites, both materially and financially. However, in the second half of 1919, the Soviet government with considerable effort, managed to reverse the mood of the population in their favor. After the defeat of the White Army, a significant part of the “gang” laid down their arms in exchange for Amnesty and the insurgent movement in Kalmykia was destroyed. The third stage (1921–1927) of “political banditry” in the territory of Kalmykia, as well as throughout Russia, belonged to the “green” movement, which could be joined either by White officers, or Red commanders. It was caused by the reaction of the population to the economic policy of the “war communism”, and then to the excesses of local authorities in carrying out of the NEP (the New Economic Policy), which were superimposed on the harsh conditions of the mass famine of the early 1920s. After overcoming the crisis and the beginning of the growth of economic well-being of the Kalmyk settlements and communities, the strengthening of the Soviet-party apparatus and law enforcement agencies, the “insurgent band” stopped being supported internally, and by 1925 the “political gangsterism” was completely eliminated. The last remnants of the gangs were destroyed in 1927.

180-186

Authors: Alexandr V. Brovar

The amendments introduced into the civil and criminal legislation during the Great Patriotic War due to the transfer of the USSR to martial war are considered in the paper. It is connected with the practical application and change of the legislation in critical conditions, which can be caused by the crisis phenomena for stabilizing situation in the society.

194-207

Authors: Alexey A. Volvenko

The paper analyzes landmark texts for the “Cossack-mania” trend by I.I. Krasnov, A.A. Leonov, Kh.I. Popov. These works touch upon the issue of “the Cossack nationality”. The research reveals the details of the correspondence of D.A. Milyutin and the army nakazny ataman P.H. Grabbe concerning the “capture” of the Don Army Sheets by the “party of isolation”. The research results are presented.

218-228

Authors: Aleksandra V. Gayvoronskaya

The paper analyzes leisure practices of the Kuban Cossack officers in the second half of the 19th – the early 20th centuries and factors influencing their choise. Various forms of leisure and entertainment accessible to different groups of the Cossack officers are reconstructed on the basis of analysing memoirs, diaries and other sources. The author describes trips to the neighbouring towns, amateur performances, visiting officers’ clubs, amateur photography, riding, hunting etc.

80-85

Authors: Nail M. Valeev

In this article author introduces the correspondence of K.I. Nevostruyev and N.A. Popov that helps to understand scientific opinion about “Slavic question”, which was revealed in various aspects of their scientific studies. Scientists believed in the brotherhood of the entire Slavic community and particularly in the role, which Russia played among the Slavs. These letters reveal historiographical situation and specifics of the scientific communication in the context of a three-level interconnection of the European and Russian metropolitan and provincial science.

94-107

Authors: Alexey A. Volvenko

The article analyzes the published debate in “The Don Army Sheets” mainly on topical issues of social, economic and political development of the Don Host in the early 1860s.

115-129

Authors: Vladimir I. Afanasenko

The Big bend of the Don has become a place of decisive battles between the Red Army and the Wehrmacht in 1942–1943. The region’s natural peculiarities considerably determined the choice of the strategy and tactics used by the opposing forces. The article studies the influence of the weather conditions on the course and outcome of the battles in strategic and front operations in late 1942 – early 1943: operation Uranus (19.11–2.12.1942), Kotelnikovo defensive operation of the Stalingrad Front (12–31.12.1942), operation Little Saturn of the South-Western Front (16–31.12.1942), operation Ring of the Don Front (10.01–2.02.1943), Salsk-Rostov offensive operation of the Southern and North-Caucasian Front (1.01–4.02.1943) Ostrogozhsk-Rossosh offensive operation of the Voronezh and South-Western Fronts (13–27.01.1943).

139-147

Authors: Anna V. Krivokon

The article discusses everyday life on the beaches of the Black Sea coast in the aspect of the global trends. The main focus is put on the architecture of the beaches, their improvement and the behavioral practices of tourists.

5-18

Authors: Dina A. Amanzholova

The paper highlights the main trends and analyzes the problems of interaction autonomist forces – Siberian oblastnichestvo and the Kazakh Alash movement - during their political organization and confrontation of participants of the Civil War in large neighboring regions. This allows to identify some of the important aspects of testing different projects federalization of Russia in the transition from the imperial to Soviet state.

38-45

Authors: Maxim V. Medvedev

The article discusses the offensive of the Southern Front in February and March 1943 at the line of the river Mius. In this period many settlements near Mius were set free. But breakthrough of the German Mius-Front was not achieved because of the errors of the Soviet command.

62-69

Authors: Anna N. Eremeeva

The article discusses the feelings of professors of the universities of Southern Russian in the early 1920s. The author noted connection of these feelings with the period of «counter-revolution», as well as problems of the present such as arrests of colleagues, the impossibility of fully scientific work and teaching, and everyday difficulties. Special attention is paid to ways of expressing feelings.