Revista Contacto

14-37

Authors: Gustavo José Leal Cuervo

Urban studies in Panama are very scarce, there is no history of research carried out from the point of view of anthropology on the urban problems of informal working children in the Panamanian capital; For this reason, it is urgent that Anthropology be able to approach the problem in a different way, that is, from the inside, from the perception of the boys and girls themselves, listening to them, telling us their perception, interpreting their problems with them, and building the analysis of your situation together. The characterization of these working boys and girls in Panama City has not been the priority of anthropology or social sciences in general in this country, which places us for the moment, in an explanation of the problem still in approximate terms. It would then be about boys and girls who are on the streets as workers, a good part of their time is spent in such an area, but they maintain regular contact with their family group. Part of the night is spent on the streets and, in general, they give their income to their parents. Almost always the informal work of children in the street takes place in degrading conditions, manifested in low income, long hours of work, abuse, sexual harassment, unsanitary physical conditions. Although in Panama there are legal frameworks and institutions for the protection of child labor, it is necessary to be able to guarantee these children who work on the street, the application of the rights enshrined in the labor code, especially in relation to working hours, salary remuneration, social security regime, among others.

52-71

Authors: Fernando E. Vásquez Barba

This paper is an attempt to approach Stanley Fish’s anti-foundationalist argument whose clear formulation is found in the development of his literary theory. For this reason, we will start by, first, introducing Fish literary theory, and, second, it is explored some aspects of Fish’s theories and its bonds with anti-foundationalism.

88-111

Authors: Eva Lisary González Pinilla

This article aims to present the inventory (so to speak) of the so-called "royal roads" in Panama, and the little that is known about them. These royal roads are part of a series of buildings, in ruins or lost within the jungle and the plain, and locations of old villages or hamlets that were an important part of the economic movement of what is now our country, during the colony. Analyzing different bibliographic sources, it becomes known about the historical discovery of these roads, what was found there, the existing efforts to preserve them and to find more, despite their threats from the negligence of local authorities. It concludes with a series of initiatives that allow these roads to be exploited through sustainable tourism through cultural tourist circuits.

124-148

Authors: María David Keyla Nogueda Velez

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a disease of primary importance for public health, not only in Mexico but throughout the world, because it is the most common non-communicable disease, caused by a combination of genetic, environmental and behavioral factors, which is why it is necessary to identify patients at high risk of DM2.le disease. However, is important to bear in mind that intervention by the health system through the Specific Action Program for the Prevention and Control of Diabetes Mellitus 2013-2018, could benefit the population at risk and impact the quality of life of sick patients through health promotion. Finally, proposals were included to strengthen the National Strategy, with emphasis on health promotion.

156-161

Authors: Alvaro Martin Brizuela Casimir

The present document relates the discovery of a Fish Tail tip found in situ during the evaluation of a land that was destined for real estate development in the area of Las Cumbres, in Panama City.

166-167

Authors: Luis A. Rodríguez F.

Poema libre de la creación de Luis Rodríguez.

37-51

Authors: Aaron Samuel Bracho-Mosquera

This article explores different constructions on the concept of youth through an analytical historical examination of the institutional concept of youth elaborated by international organizations. It contains a review of the concept of youth adopted by Panamanian legislation and compares its content with the conceptualizations of youth offered in the Central American and Caribbean region. Several recent theoretical approaches to the concept of youth are analyzed, in which an attempt is made to develop an approach based on the set of social and economic relations that determine the youth subject in his life in society. Finally, we describe from some theoretical assumptions of the sociology of youth and social history, considerations around the process of articulation of this subject in the historical processes in Panama.

60-77

Authors: Eva Lisary González Pinilla

This article has been the result of research regarding the use of the facilities that housed, until 1999, the North American military bases in Panama, known as “Forts”, many of which have their buildings in a “touristic disuse”, when in reality they are sxploitable as a national historical heritage, which could become a tourist destination through duly proposed cultural itineraries. Sadly, none of these facilities have been classified as "Historical Heritage" by any Panamanian law. Most of the content of this article shows the summarized history of each of these military bases that were located in the now extinct “Panama Canal Zone”. The present status of these buildings will be explained, as well as some initiatives proposed for their tourist exploitation, and how to generate tourist income with the proper exploitation of these precious historical resources.

91-101

Authors: Ida Graciela Gálvez Amores

Work is positioned as a key activity in the transition to adult life and in the configuration of a useful social identity for young people who seek to contribute economically to the place where they live. Young people are placed as an age group with specific characteristics and go through specific difficulties in obtaining and maintaining a formal job due to stereotypes and the discrimination they go through in work contexts. In the essay that is presented, brief reflections are presented about the importance of work in youth, the need to consider young people within the work schemes and the difficulties they usually go through, unlike other human groups.

132-134

Authors: Richard Morales

Con o sin COVID-19, Panamá estaba en crisis. Un modelo de país agotado, que mantiene un crecimiento turbulento a costa del empobrecimiento de la población y la degradación de la naturaleza. Las contradicciones del modelo han sido develadas a la faz de la sociedad precisamente por la pandemia, con el cruel abandono de las mayorías para preservar los privilegios de la clase dominante. Ante la crisis, solamente la conformación de un bloque contrahegemónico, que logre unir en la diversidad a las masas históricamente excluidas y explotadas, puede detener el inminente colapso.

138-139

Authors: Serena Vambas

Durante los últimos meses la crisis ocasionada por la pandemia nos ha estado mostrando varios de los efectos del grave problema que tenemos con la desigualdad. Uno de ellos, aunque quizá no tan discutido, es la injusticia ambiental. Desde antes que llegara el Covid-19, ya teníamos una crisis ambiental. Obligados por la presión ciudadana, gobiernos y empresas de todo el mundo buscan desesperadamente comunicar los cambios en los que supuestamente han estado trabajando. Lamentablemente, en muchos casos, se trata de arreglos cosméticos, con fines más bien publicitarios, mientras que, en el fondo, el problema permanece casi intacto.

143-151

Authors: Eric Hobsbawm

"Hasta ahora, los filósofos no han hecho más que interpretar el mundo; se trata de cambiarlo". Los dos enunciados de la célebre "Tesis Feuerbach" de Karl Marx inspiraron a los historiadores marxistas. La mayoría de los intelectuales que adhirieron al marxismo a partir de la década de 1880 -entre ellos los historiadores marxistas- lo hicieron porque querían cambiar el mundo, junto con los movimientos obreros y socialistas; movimientos que se convertirían, en gran parte bajo la influencia del marxismo, en fuerzas políticas de masas. Esa cooperación orientó naturalmente a los historiadores que querían cambiar el mundo hacia ciertos campos de estudio -fundamentalmente, la historia del pueblo o de la población obrera- los que, si bien atraían naturalmente a las personas de izquierda, no tenían originalmente ninguna relación particular con una interpretación marxista. A la inversa, cuando a partir de la década de 1890 esos intelectuales dejaron de ser revolucionarios sociales, a menudo también dejaron de ser marxistas.