Journal of Applied Biotechnology

11-24

Authors: Jane L. Dangeubun, Hardoko, Andayani S., Risjani Y.

Tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) was very susceptible to the poor environment and therefore, it was weak against infection. A solution to this problem was by increasing immune response of the fish. The objective of research was to understand the effect of Alstonia acuminata on the hematology change in order to increase the survival rate of tiger grouper fish. Research was experimental and conducted at laboratory for 3 months. Parameters observed were the hematology of tiger grouper fish (including leukocyte total, monocyte, neutrophile, and lymphocyte) and the survival rate. Result of research indicated that leukocyte total had increased from day-1 to day-5, but decreased at day-7. The highest level of leukocyte total, monocyte, neutrophile, and lymphocyte was obtained at 200 ppm dose. The highest leukocyte total was found at day-5 precisely for 72,666 cells/mL, while the lowest was obtained at 0 ppm (control) dose exactly for 24,433 cells/mL. The highest monocyte percentage was attained at day-5 with 8.67 %, while the lowest was obtained at 0 ppm (control) dose with 2.33 %. The highest neutrophile was achieved in 200 ppm dose with 11.67%. The highest lymphocyte rate of tiger grouper was known at day-5 with 83.33 %, while the lowest was recognized at 0 ppm (control) dose. The highest survival rate was 94.44 % and obtained at 200 ppm dose. Result of research concluded that the treatment of Alstonia acuminate crude extract could influence the hematology and increase the survival rate to 94.44%.

37-44

Authors: Fernanda Arnhold Pagnussatt, Cristiana Costa Bretanha, Larine Kupski, Jaqueline Garda-Buffon, Eliana Badiale-Furlong

The antifungal activity from rice, oat and wheat crude proteic extracts on the development of Fusarium graminearum CQ244, Aspergillus flavus CCT 1217 and Rhizopus oryzae CCT 7560 was investigated intending to identify their potential as natural fungicides. The crude proteic extracts from cereals were prepared in ethanol and the antifungal properties were evaluated using the glucosamine, produced by the biomass as a response. F. graminearum was inhibited by wheat extracts, while that A. flavus was inhibited by oat extracts. R. oryzae was few inhibited. Proteic extracts in higher concentrations may be applied in field and/or storage, as natural antifungal.

54-63

Authors: Majid H. Al-Jailawi, Rasha S. Ameen, Montaha R. Al-Jeboori,

Disinfectants are widely used to get rid of microorganisms whether in hospitals, health centers or for normal domestic use. Some suggested that when disinfectants are incorrectly diluted the disinfectant might promote the growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, therefore, in this study pathogenic bacterium (Pseudomonas aeruginosa), isolated from patient with urinary tract infection, treated with two locally popular disinfectants (Claradone and Sarttol). Results showed that the bacterial growth was affected by both disinfectants. The lowest concentration of Claradone that inhibit the growth of this bacterium is considered as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), this was 30%, while the lowest effecting concentration of Sarttol was 3%. A number of survival colonies after treated with high concentration of Calarodone and Sarttol were investigated for their susceptibility to antibiotics, using standard disc diffusion method. Results indicated that these colonies of P. aeruginosa resisted antibiotics they were sensitive to before treatment. So it can be concluded that using Claradone and sarttol can make the pathogenic bacterium (P. aeruginosa) resist some antibiotics.